模拟人工运算过程,逆序存储,找出递推式
高精度加法
// C = A + B, A >= 0, B >= 0
vector<int> add(vector<int> &A, vector<int> &B)
{
if (A.size() < B.size()) return add(B, A);
vector<int> C;
int t = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < A.size(); i ++ )
{
t += A[i];
if (i < B.size()) t += B[i];
C.push_back(t % 10);
t /= 10;
}
if (t) C.push_back(t);
return C;
}
高精度减法
// C = A - B, 满足A >= B, A >= 0, B >= 0
vector<int> sub(vector<int> &A, vector<int> &B)
{
vector<int> C;
for (int i = 0, t = 0; i < A.size(); i ++ )
{
t = A[i] - t;
if (i < B.size()) t -= B[i];
C.push_back((t + 10) % 10);
if (t < 0) t = 1;
else t = 0;
}
while (C.size() > 1 && C.back() == 0) C.pop_back();
return C;
}
高精度乘法低精度
// C = A * b, A >= 0, b > 0
vector<int> mul(vector<int> &A, int b)
{
vector<int> C;
int t = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < A.size() || t; i ++ )
{
if (i < A.size()) t += A[i] * b;
C.push_back(t % 10);
t /= 10;
}
while (C.size() > 1 && C.back() == 0) C.pop_back();
return C;
}
高精度除以低精度
// A / b = C ... r, A >= 0, b > 0
vector<int> div(vector<int> &A, int b, int &r)
{
vector<int> C;
r = 0;
for (int i = A.size() - 1; i >= 0; i -- )
{
r = r * 10 + A[i];
C.push_back(r / b);
r %= b;
}
reverse(C.begin(), C.end());
while (C.size() > 1 && C.back() == 0) C.pop_back();
return C;
}
前缀和
定义:原数组a[N],S[i]=a[1]+a[2]+…+a[i],S[0]=0(下标从1开始,边界处理方便)
原数组a[N][M],S[i][j]=a[i][j]+S[i-1][j]+S[i][j-1]-S[i-1][j-1]
作用:快速求出区间的和
差分法定义:原数组a[N],b[i]=a[i]-a[i-1],a称为b的前缀和(a[i]=b[1]+b[2]+…b[i]),b称为a的差分,也相当于在(i,i)区间上加上了a[i]
原数组a[N][M],b[i][j]则是在(i,j,i,j)区间上加上了a[i][j]
作用:给原数组某一个区间加上固定的值(O(n)->O(1)),
例如:给区间[l, r]中的每个数加上c:B[l] += c, B[r + 1] -= c
给以(x1, y1)为左上角,(x2, y2)为右下角的子矩阵中的所有元素加上c:
S[x1, y1] += c, S[x2 + 1, y1] -= c, S[x1, y2 + 1] -= c, S[x2 + 1, y2 + 1] += c