MEF是 Managed Extensibility Framework简称,在计算机的世界什么都会加一个简称,这我们大家已经司空见惯了。从名字我们可以知道它是一个用于管理的可扩展性框架。这是和EL不同的另一种IOC方式;
MEF 为我们提供了一种运行时的扩展,具体应用在对象的实例化。它有目录(AssemblyCatalog)和容器(CompositionContainer)组成,他有输入输出(Exports和Imports)元数据标记,在对象实例化的时候会自动匹配这个契约。
下面是官方的一个展示图:
由CompositionContainer来管理我们的多个可组合部件。
下面我们来一个简单的示例来初步了解MEF:
控制台程序:
- 代码
- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.Linq;
- using System.Text;
- using System.ComponentModel.Composition;//添加引用
- namespace MEFTest
- {
- public interface ILog
- {
- void Write(string message);
- }
- [System.ComponentModel.Composition.Export(typeof(ILog))]
- public class ConsoleLog:ILog
- {
- public void Write(string message)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("Hello:"+message);
- }
- }
- class Program
- {
- [System.ComponentModel.Composition.Import(typeof(ILog))]
- public ILog Log;
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- Program pro = new Program();
- pro.Init();
- pro.Log.Write("Test");
- Console.Read();
- }
- public void Init()
- {
- var assem = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();//当前程序集
- var assemcat = new System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.AssemblyCatalog(assem);//构建目录
- var container = new System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.CompositionContainer(assemcat);//构建容器
- container.ComposeParts(this);//这是一个System.ComponentModel.Composition.AttributedModelServices 的扩展方法。
- }
- }
- }
输出为:
Hello:Test
ExportAttribute 定义如下:
- 代码
- [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method | AttributeTargets.Property | AttributeTargets.Field, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = false)]
- public class ExportAttribute : Attribute
- {
- [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen p_w_picpath boundaries")]
- [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen p_w_picpath boundaries")]
- [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen p_w_picpath boundaries")]
- public ExportAttribute(Type contractType);
- public ExportAttribute(string contractName, Type contractType);
- public string ContractName { get; }
- public Type ContractType { get; }
- }
从他的定义我们可以知道他可以运用于我们的类、方法、属性、字段,并且可以多继承,但是不存在从父类的继承特性。
他有三种不同的标记方式方式.在MEF中这里标记为可以导出,即注入到Import。
ImportAttribute 定义:
- 代码
- [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property | AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Parameter, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)]
- public class ImportAttribute : Attribute, IAttributedImport
- {
- [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen p_w_picpath boundaries")]
- public ImportAttribute();
- [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen p_w_picpath boundaries")]
- public ImportAttribute(string contractName);
- [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen p_w_picpath boundaries")]
- public ImportAttribute(Type contractType);
- public ImportAttribute(string contractName, Type contractType);
- public bool AllowDefault { get; set; }
- public bool AllowRecomposition { get; set; }
- public string ContractName { get; }
- public Type ContractType { get; }
- public CreationPolicy RequiredCreationPolicy { get; set; }
- }
同上Export,这里标记为可被Export注入的接口点。
今天就写到这里了,希望大家多多指教,大家一起共同进步。