Rman备份路径级别
format 指定目录> db_recovery_file_dest 闪回目录>默认目录
19c 版本
测试 归档模式下，不开启闪回，rman备份不用 format指定
则rman 备份路径在哪里？？
1.
--闪回路径不开启，不设置db_recovery_file_dest ，且归档日志路径也为 初始位置 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON
------------------
NO
SQL> show parameter db_recovery;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 0
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence 40
Next log sequence to archive 42
Current log sequence 42
--切换redo，归档日志保存位置
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
--此目录下
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch
[oracle@test ~]$ rman target /
--默认参数
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name TEST1 are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE RMAN OUTPUT TO KEEP FOR 7 DAYS; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_test1.f'; # default
开始备份整个数据库，不指定format参数。
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 2023-06-10 19:52:55
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/TEST1/DATAFILE/tbs_test.266.1137658931
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/TEST1/DATAFILE/sysaux.261.1137599239
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/TEST1/DATAFILE/system.260.1137599233
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/TEST1/DATAFILE/undotbs1.262.1137599243
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/TEST1/DATAFILE/users.264.1137599255
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2023-06-10 19:52:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2023-06-10 19:53:31
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/031uclsn_1_1 tag=TAG20230610T195255 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:36
Finished backup at 2023-06-10 19:53:31
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2023-06-10 19:53:31
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-1514641594-20230610-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2023-06-10 19:53:32
发现数据文件、参数文件、控制文件均备份在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/ 目录下
--备份归档日志
RMAN> backup archivelog all;
Starting backup at 2023-06-10 19:56:54
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=39 RECID=1 STAMP=1139168549
input archived log thread=1 sequence=40 RECID=2 STAMP=1139169276
input archived log thread=1 sequence=41 RECID=3 STAMP=1139169414
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2023-06-10 19:56:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2023-06-10 19:56:58
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/051ucm47_1_1 tag=TAG20230610T195655 comment=NONE --归档日志也备份在dbs下
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
不设置闪回路径及归档路径设置， archive log 默认归档日志为
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch
当进行rman备份时，控制文件，参数文件，归档文件，数据文件均会存放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/ 目录下
2.
打开闪回并设置闪回路径，rman归档参数默认，归档路径默认。
开启闪回，设置闪回目录。
SQL> shut immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1157627168 bytes
Fixed Size 8895776 bytes
Variable Size 335544320 bytes
Database Buffers 805306368 bytes
Redo Buffers 7880704 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> show parameter recover;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 0
db_unrecoverable_scn_tracking boolean TRUE
recovery_parallelism integer 0
remote_recovery_file_dest string
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flashback';
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flashback'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-19802: cannot use DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST without DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE
--要先设置db_recovery_file_dest_size 闪回目录大小，再设置闪回目录
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=200m scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flashback';
System altered.
--开启闪回
SQL> alter database flashback on;
Database altered.
--打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> show parameter recover;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string /home/oracle/flashback
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 200M
开始rman 备份
[oracle@test ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 2023-06-10 20:35:43
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/TEST1/DATAFILE/tbs_test.266.1137658931
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/TEST1/DATAFILE/sysaux.261.1137599239
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/TEST1/DATAFILE/system.260.1137599233
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/TEST1/DATAFILE/undotbs1.262.1137599243
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/TEST1/DATAFILE/users.264.1137599255
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2023-06-10 20:35:44
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2023-06-10 20:36:29
piece handle=/home/oracle/flashback/TEST1/backupset/2023_06_10/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20230610T203543_l88vk01w_.bkp tag=TAG20230610T203543 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished backup at 2023-06-10 20:36:29
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2023-06-10 20:36:29
piece handle=/home/oracle/flashback/TEST1/autobackup/2023_06_10/o1_mf_s_1139171789_l88vlfms_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2023-06-10 20:36:30
RMAN> backup archivelog all;
Starting backup at 2023-06-10 20:37:06
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=39 RECID=1 STAMP=1139168549
input archived log thread=1 sequence=40 RECID=2 STAMP=1139169276
input archived log thread=1 sequence=41 RECID=3 STAMP=1139169414
input archived log thread=1 sequence=42 RECID=4 STAMP=1139171826
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2023-06-10 20:37:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2023-06-10 20:37:10
piece handle=/home/oracle/flashback/TEST1/backupset/2023_06_10/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20230610T203706_l88vmm0f_.bkp tag=TAG20230610T203706 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 2023-06-10 20:37:10
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2023-06-10 20:37:10
piece handle=/home/oracle/flashback/TEST1/autobackup/2023_06_10/o1_mf_s_1139171830_l88vmpgc_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2023-06-10 20:37:11
当我们设置闪回目录时，rman进行备份，所有的归档日志，参数文件，数据文件，控制文件 都将自动备份在闪回区目录。
/home/oracle/flashback/实例名/
自动生成如下目录
[oracle@test TEST1]$ ll
total 0
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle asmadmin 24 Jun 10 20:37 archivelog
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle asmadmin 24 Jun 10 20:36 autobackup
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle asmadmin 24 Jun 10 20:34 backupset
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle asmadmin 33 Jun 10 20:32 flashback
归档日志目录此时也会变化
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 41
Next log sequence to archive 43
Current log sequence 43
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
手动归档的文件也会放在闪回目录自动创建的archivelog目录中。
