所有作品合集传送门: Tidy Tuesday

2018 年合集传送门: 2018

Craft Beer USA



欢迎来到ggplot2的世界!

ggplot2是一个用来绘制统计图形的 R 软件包。它可以绘制出很多精美的图形,同时能避免诸多的繁琐细节,例如添加图例等。

用 ggplot2 绘制图形时,图形的每个部分可以依次进行构建,之后还可以进行编辑。ggplot2 精心挑选了一系列的预设图形,因此在大部分情形下可以快速地绘制出许多高质量的图形。如果在格式上还有额外的需求,也可以利用 ggplot2 中的主题系统来进行定制, 无需花费太多时间来调整图形的外观,而可以更加专注地用图形来展现你的数据。



R语言legend图例字体大小 r语言 图例_Craft




1. 一些环境设置

# 设置为国内镜像, 方便快速安装模块
options("repos" = c(CRAN = "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN/"))

2. 设置工作路径

wkdir <- '/home/user/R_workdir/TidyTuesday/2018/2018-07-10_Craft_Beer_USA/src-a'
setwd(wkdir)

3. 加载 R 包

library(geofacet)
library(tidyverse)

# 导入字体设置包
library(showtext) 
# font_add_google() showtext 中从谷歌字体下载并导入字体的函数
# name 中的是字体名称, 用于检索, 必须严格对应想要字体的名字 
# family 后面的是代码后面引用时的名称, 自己随便起
# 需要能访问 Google, 也可以注释掉下面这行, 影响不大
# font_families_google() 列出所有支持的字体, 支持的汉字不多
# http://www.googlefonts.net/
font_add_google(name = "Karantina", family =  "ka")
font_add_google(name = "Cutive", family = "albert")
font_add_google(name = "ZCOOL XiaoWei", family = "zxw")

# 后面字体均可以使用导入的字体
showtext_auto()

4. 加载数据

excel.file <- "../data/week15_beers.xlsx"

# readxl::excel_sheets() 查看 Excel 中的 sheet 名称
readxl::excel_sheets(excel.file)
## [1] "beers"     "breweries"

df_beer <- readxl::read_xlsx(excel.file, sheet = 'beers')
df_brewer <- readxl::read_xlsx(excel.file, sheet = 'breweries')

# 简要查看数据内容
glimpse(df_beer)
## Rows: 2,410
## Columns: 8
## $ count      <dbl> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, …
## $ abv        <dbl> 0.050, 0.066, 0.071, 0.090, 0.075, 0.077, 0.045, 0.065, 0.0…
## $ ibu        <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 60,…
## $ id         <dbl> 1436, 2265, 2264, 2263, 2262, 2261, 2260, 2259, 2258, 2131,…
## $ name       <chr> "Pub Beer", "Devil's Cup", "Rise of the Phoenix", "Sinister…
## $ style      <chr> "American Pale Lager", "American Pale Ale (APA)", "American…
## $ brewery_id <dbl> 408, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177, 177,…
## $ ounces     <dbl> 12.0, 12.0, 12.0, 12.0, 12.0, 12.0, 12.0, 12.0, 12.0, 12.0,…
# 检查数据的列名
colnames(df_beer)
## [1] "count"      "abv"        "ibu"        "id"         "name"      
## [6] "style"      "brewery_id" "ounces"

5. 数据预处理

# left_join() 左连接, 合并两个数据框
df_tiny    <- left_join(df_beer, df_brewer, by = c("brewery_id" = "id")) %>% 
  # mutate() 主要用于在数据框中添加新的变量, 这些变量是通过对现有的变量进行操作而形成的
  mutate(abv = abv * 100)

beer_top_5 <- df_tiny %>% count(style) %>% arrange(desc(n)) %>% top_n(5) 

# tidyr::crossing() 将其中的数据进行成对组合成数据框,但是要对数据进行排序和去重
st_beer5 <- crossing(distinct(df_tiny, state), beer_top_5)

df_plot <- df_tiny %>% 
  # group_by() 以指定的列进行分组
  group_by(state, style) %>% 
  # summarize() 用于对数据进行统计描述
  summarize(count = n()) %>% 
  # right_join() 右连接, 合并两个数据框
  right_join(st_beer5) %>% 
  # arrange() 根据 change 列进行排序, 默认是升序; arrange + desc() 表示改为降序排列
  arrange(state, desc(count)) %>% 
  # slice() 通过行号选取数据
  slice(1:5) %>% 
  mutate(style = case_when(style == "American Double / Imperial IPA" ~ "A D/I IPA",
                           style == "American Blonde Ale" ~ "ABA",
                           style == "American Amber / Red Ale" ~ "A A/R A",
                           style == "American Pale Ale (APA)" ~ "APA",
                           style == "American IPA" ~ "A IPA")) %>% 
  {.}

# 简要查看数据内容
glimpse(df_plot)
## Rows: 255
## Columns: 4
## Groups: state [51]
## $ state <chr> "AK", "AK", "AK", "AK", "AK", "AL", "AL", "AL", "AL", "AL", "AR"…
## $ style <chr> "A IPA", "ABA", "A A/R A", "APA", "A D/I IPA", "A IPA", "APA", "…
## $ count <int> 7, 3, 2, 2, NA, 2, 2, 1, NA, NA, 1, 1, NA, NA, NA, 9, 6, 4, 2, 1…
## $ n     <int> 424, 108, 133, 245, 105, 424, 245, 105, 133, 108, 133, 245, 108,…

6. 利用 ggplot2 绘图

# PS: 方便讲解, 我这里进行了拆解, 具体使用时可以组合在一起
gg <- df_plot %>% na.omit() %>% ggplot(aes(style, count))
# geom_col() 绘制条形图
gg <- gg + geom_col()
# coord_flip() 横纵坐标位置转换
gg <- gg + coord_flip()
# facet_geo() 按地理位置分面的数据可视化
gg <- gg + facet_geo(~ state)
# labs() 对图形添加注释和标签(包含标题 title、子标题 subtitle、坐标轴 x & y 和引用 caption 等注释)
gg <- gg + labs(title = "每个州全国最受欢迎的五种啤酒",
                subtitle = NULL,
                x = NULL,
                y = NULL,
                caption = "资料来源: Craft Beer USA · graph by 数绘小站 · 2022-10-21")
# theme_bw() 类似默认背景,调整为白色背景和浅灰色网格线
gg <- gg + theme_bw()
# theme() 实现对非数据元素的调整, 对结果进行进一步渲染, 使之更加美观
gg <- gg + theme(
  # plot.margin 调整图像边距, 上-右-下-左
  plot.margin = margin(12, 10, 2, 15), 
  # plot.title 主标题
  plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5, color = "black", size = 30, face = "bold", family = 'zxw'),
  # plot.caption 说明文字
  plot.caption =  element_text(hjust = 0.85, vjust = .2, size = 10),
  # strip.text.x 自定义分面图每个分面标题的文字
  strip.text.x = element_text(size = 12, hjust = 0, face = "bold", family = 'albert', color = 'red'),
  # text 设置文本格式
  text = element_text(size = 12, hjust = 0, face = "bold"),
  # axis.text 坐标轴刻度文本
  axis.text = element_text(size = 8, hjust = 0, face = "bold"))

7. 保存图片到 PDF 和 PNG

gg

R语言legend图例字体大小 r语言 图例_数据挖掘_02

filename = '20180710-A-01'
ggsave(filename = paste0(filename, ".pdf"), width = 10.2, height = 9.6, device = cairo_pdf)
ggsave(filename = paste0(filename, ".png"), width = 10.2, height = 9.6, dpi = 100, device = "png", bg = 'white')

8. session-info

sessionInfo()
## R version 4.2.1 (2022-06-23)
## Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
## Running under: Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS
## 
## Matrix products: default
## BLAS:   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openblas-pthread/libblas.so.3
## LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openblas-pthread/liblapack.so.3
## 
## locale:
##  [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C              
##  [3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8    
##  [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8   
##  [7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                 
##  [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C            
## [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C       
## 
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
## 
## other attached packages:
##  [1] showtext_0.9-5  showtextdb_3.0  sysfonts_0.8.8  forcats_0.5.2  
##  [5] stringr_1.4.1   dplyr_1.0.10    purrr_0.3.4     readr_2.1.2    
##  [9] tidyr_1.2.1     tibble_3.1.8    ggplot2_3.3.6   tidyverse_1.3.2
## [13] geofacet_0.2.0 
## 
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
##  [1] fs_1.5.2            sf_1.0-8            lubridate_1.8.0    
##  [4] httr_1.4.4          tools_4.2.1         backports_1.4.1    
##  [7] bslib_0.4.0         utf8_1.2.2          R6_2.5.1           
## [10] KernSmooth_2.23-20  rgeos_0.5-9         DBI_1.1.3          
## [13] colorspace_2.0-3    withr_2.5.0         sp_1.5-0           
## [16] tidyselect_1.1.2    gridExtra_2.3       curl_4.3.3         
## [19] compiler_4.2.1      textshaping_0.3.6   cli_3.4.1          
## [22] rvest_1.0.3         xml2_1.3.3          labeling_0.4.2     
## [25] sass_0.4.2          scales_1.2.1        classInt_0.4-8     
## [28] proxy_0.4-27        systemfonts_1.0.4   digest_0.6.30      
## [31] rmarkdown_2.16      jpeg_0.1-9          pkgconfig_2.0.3    
## [34] htmltools_0.5.3     highr_0.9           dbplyr_2.2.1       
## [37] fastmap_1.1.0       rlang_1.0.6         readxl_1.4.1       
## [40] rstudioapi_0.14     jquerylib_0.1.4     generics_0.1.3     
## [43] farver_2.1.1        jsonlite_1.8.2      googlesheets4_1.0.1
## [46] magrittr_2.0.3      Rcpp_1.0.9          munsell_0.5.0      
## [49] fansi_1.0.3         lifecycle_1.0.3     stringi_1.7.8      
## [52] yaml_2.3.5          geogrid_0.1.1       grid_4.2.1         
## [55] ggrepel_0.9.1       crayon_1.5.2        lattice_0.20-45    
## [58] haven_2.5.1         hms_1.1.2           knitr_1.40         
## [61] pillar_1.8.1        reprex_2.0.2        imguR_1.0.3        
## [64] glue_1.6.2          evaluate_0.16       modelr_0.1.9       
## [67] png_0.1-7           vctrs_0.4.2         tzdb_0.3.0         
## [70] cellranger_1.1.0    gtable_0.3.1        assertthat_0.2.1   
## [73] cachem_1.0.6        xfun_0.32           broom_1.0.1        
## [76] e1071_1.7-11        rnaturalearth_0.1.0 ragg_1.2.3         
## [79] class_7.3-20        googledrive_2.0.0   gargle_1.2.1       
## [82] units_0.8-0         ellipsis_0.3.2



测试数据

配套数据下载:Craft Beer USA