1 硬件结构

我使用的是风火轮出品的树莓派A20板子,同样也买了一个DVK521扩展的底板,可以看到有8个LED灯,关于GPIO,点亮LED是最好的驱动编写例子。

先看DVK521板子上的LED灯硬件原理:

LED灯原理图

LED灯原理比较简单,安装该图来看,需要将PE4~PE11置高即可,从这里看来,A20的IO口输出电流能力还是比较强。

2 驱动编写

2.1 GPIO寄存器的相关知识

按照以前S3C2440,S3C6410等板子,找到寄存器很简单,只需要翻遍手册,然后使用内核提供的ioremap将硬件地址映射到内核的虚拟地址上,即可达到通过控制虚拟地址达到控制硬件地址的效果。

但是,在A20上,控制方法已经改成了script_parser_fetch()等等API操作方法,这表示描述方法有所不同,但是具体思路仍然相同。要注意的是,也可以使用以前的控制方法。

在《树莓派3主控芯片手册V1.0(A20datasheet).pdf》(点击链接)文档的P19页上,

A20将通用的GPIO当成了PIO,我截取出PIO的地址范围,如下图所示:

PIO地址范围

再跳到P240,找到1.19 Port Controller这一章,我们只需要关注的是Port E(PE):12 input/output port。

GPIO引脚

在这一章里,说明了一些知识点:

1.上面列的GPIO引脚中,除了Port S做位DRAM来用,其他的没有复用的功能的,都可以用作普通IO口。

2.A20上有32个外部PIO中断。

由于是初次使用该款芯片,而GPIO是最基本的功能,所以,还是继续贴出P247上的关于GPIO的配置寄存器内容,方便后面的查找:

GPIO配置寄存器

GPIO数据寄存器等等

2.2 配置寄存器

我在MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2源码目录下,找到了sun4i-keypad.c文件,在sw_keypad_init()中找到了API函数script_parser_fetch(),根据这个函数,我在gpio-sunxi.c中找到了操作gpio的许多API函数,例如sunxi_gpio_to_irq(),sunxi_gpio_set()等等。

最终,将所有的点,可以挂接到一个结构体上:struct gpio_chip。

到这里,对于GPIO的内容,就到头了,分析再多,那就变成了一篇驱动程序分析的文章了。

在gpio-sunxi.c的sunxi_gpio_probe()函数里,通过注释,知道该函数中有在找script.bin文件。

2.2.1 找到fex2bin工具,sys_config.fex,script.bin的目录

先找到fex2bin工具,sys_config.fex,script.bin在哪个目录下:

wityuan@ubuntu:~/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2$ ls tools/sunxi-tools/

adb-devprobe.sh fel-copy.c jtag-loop.c nand-part-main.c script_fex.c

bin fel-gpio jtag-loop.lds nand-part-main.o script_fex.h

bin2fex fel-pio.c jtag-loop.S phoenix_info.c script.h

boot_head.lds fel-pio.lds Makefile pio script+lcd.bin

boot_head.S fel-sdboot.c nand-common.h pio.c script_lcd.fex

bootinfo fel-sdboot.lds nand-part README script_uboot.c

bootinfo.c fex2bin nand-part-a10.h script.bin script_uboot.h

common.h fexc nand-part-a10.o script_bin.c sys_config.fex

COPYING fexc.c nand-part-a20.h script_bin.h usb-boot

fel fexc.h nand-part-a20.o script.c

fel.c include nand-part.c script.fex

wityuan@ubuntu:~/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2$

2.2.2 找到开发板上的script.bin文件位置

在开发板上使用如下命令可以找到script.bin文件:

root@marsboard:~# ls /mnt/

root@marsboard:~# mount /dev/nanda /mnt/

root@marsboard:~# ls /mnt/

boot.axf drv_de.drv font32.sft os_show sprite.axf

boot.ini drv_hdmi.drv linux prvt.axf uEnv.txt

boot_signature.axf font24.sft magic.bin script.bin uImage

root@marsboard:~#

2.2.3 修改sys_config.fex文件

从sys_config.fex文件中,可以看到,里面描述的都是io口的功能。

我把里面最基本的功能描述,摘录如下:

;A20 PAD application

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

; 说明:

; 1. 脚本中的字符串区分大小写,用户可以修改"="后面的数值,但是不要修改前面的字符串

; 2. 新增主键和子键的名称必须控制在32个字符以内,不包括32个

; 3. 所以的注释以“;”开始,单独占据一行

; 4. 注释不可和配置项同行,例如:主键和子健后面不能添加任何形式的注释

;

; gpio的描述形式:Port:端口+组内序号

; 例如:port:PA0<0>

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

现在在硬件上,有PE4~PE11这些管脚需要设置。

用什么参数怎么去设置一个IO口?

要去寻求这个问题的答案,内核肯定会有相应的依据,我在script.h中找到了结构体:

struct sunxi_property_gpio_value。

摘录如下:

struct sunxi_property_gpio_value {

u32 port; /*表明是哪个端口,如Port A,Port B等等*/

u32 port_num; /*表明是哪个端口号,例如PE14的14*/

s32 mul_sel; /*表明的是功能分配,例如复用功能还是普通IO口*/

s32 pull; /*表明的是内部上拉状态*/

s32 drv_level; /*表明的是驱动能力*/

s32 data; /*表明的是输出电平状态*/

};

每一项含义清楚了之后,我们就可以一个个的去设置了,那么,还是要回到手册:《树莓派3主控芯片手册V1.0(A20datasheet).pdf》上的P249。

根据手册上的说明:

mul_sel:

0--输入

1--输出

2~7--复用功能

pull:

0--上拉/下拉禁止

1--上拉使能

2--下拉使能

drv_level:

0--level 0

1--level 1

2--level 2

3--level 3

data:

0--输出电平为0

1--输出电平为1

可以在这个网站上找到详细描述:链接

现在,可以在sys_config.fex文件中添加PE4~PE11的信息:

[led_test_para]

led_test_enable = 1

led1 = port:PE4<1><1>

led2 = port:PE5<1><1>

led3 = port:PE6<1><1>

led4 = port:PE7<1><1>

led5 = port:PE8<1><1>

led6 = port:PE9<1><1>

led7 = port:PE10<1><1>

led8 = port:PE11<1><1>

修改完成后,需要将该文件更新为script.bin,操作方法如下:

先看怎么用fex2bin这个工具:

wityuan@ubuntu:~/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2/tools/sunxi-tools$ ./fex2bin -v

./fex2bin: from fex: to bin:

之后,我们先备份源文件,然后再生成自己的script.bin文件。

wityuan@ubuntu:~/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2/tools/sunxi-tools$ cp script.bin script_bak.bin

wityuan@ubuntu:~/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2/tools/sunxi-tools$ ./fex2bin sys_config.fex script.bin

最后,将A20开发板上的script.bin替换掉。

2.2.4 获取script.bin的参数

找到\marsboard\marsboard-a20-linux-sdk-v1.2\linux-sunxi\drivers\leds\leds-sunxi.c文件,这是一个很好的控制led灯的例子程序,可以参考它来做下面的工作。

我直接粘贴出来整个简单的gpio.c程序文件:

#include "linux/init.h"

#include

#include

#include

#include

script_gpio_set_t info;

unsigned gpio_handler;

static int __init led_init(void)

{

int err = 0;

int led_test_enabled = 0;

int ret = 0;

err = script_parser_fetch("led_test_para", "led_test_enable", &led_test_enabled,

sizeof(led_test_enabled)/sizeof(int));

if(!err){

printk("---script.bin led get ok,value:%d----\n",led_test_enabled);

}

else

{

printk("---script.bin led get false----\n");

return -1;

}

err = script_parser_fetch("led_test_para", "led1",

(int *)&info,

sizeof(script_gpio_set_t));

if (err) {

printk("----script.bin get io error----\r\n");

return -1;

}

/* reserve gpio for led */

gpio_handler = gpio_request_ex("led_test_para", "led1");

if (!gpio_handler) {

printk("----script.bin can't requst handler----\r\n");

return -1;

}

/*set pin as output*/

ret = gpio_set_one_pin_io_status(gpio_handler, 1,

"led1");

if (!ret)

/*set value level 1*/

ret = gpio_write_one_pin_value(gpio_handler,

1, "led1");

return 0;

}

static void __exit led_exit(void)

{

if (gpio_handler)

gpio_release(gpio_handler, 1);

printk("---dirver exit---\r\n");

}

module_init(led_init);

module_exit(led_exit);

MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Driver for empty");

MODULE_AUTHOR("wit_yuan");

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

Makefile文件如下:

ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)

KERNEL_DIR=/home/wityuan/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2/linux-sunxi

PWD=$(shell pwd)

modules:

$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules

arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o gpio gpio.c

modules_install:

$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install

clean:

rm -rf *.ko *.o .tmp_versions *.mod.c modules.order Module.symvers .*.cmd

else

obj-m:=gpio.o

endif

然后将gpio.ko文件下载到开发板上,再开发板上执行:

root@marsboard:~# insmod gpio.ko

---script.bin led get ok,value:1----

root@marsboard:~# rmmod gpio

---dirver exit---

root@marsboard:~#

可以看到insmod程序的时候,L1灯亮起,而rmmod程序的时候,L1灯灭。

3 进阶

3.1 添加应用层代码

上面的驱动程序,只是在内核驱动程序层面控制硬件。现在我们需要通过应用层程序来控制底层的硬件。

直接上代码吧。

gpio.c代码如下:

#include "linux/init.h"

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

static script_gpio_set_t info;

static unsigned gpio_handler;

static struct class *leds_class;

static struct device *leds_device;

static unsigned int leds_major;

static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp);

static ssize_t led_write (struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off);

static int led_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp);

struct file_operations led_operations = {

.owner = THIS_MODULE,

.open = led_open,

.write = led_write,

.release = led_close,

};

static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)

{

int err = 0;

int led_test_enabled = 0;

int ret = 0;

err = script_parser_fetch("led_test_para", "led_test_enable", &led_test_enabled,

sizeof(led_test_enabled)/sizeof(int));

if(!err){

printk("---script.bin led get ok,value:%d----\n",led_test_enabled);

}

else

{

printk("---script.bin led get false----\n");

return -1;

}

err = script_parser_fetch("led_test_para", "led1",

(int *)&info,

sizeof(script_gpio_set_t));

if (err) {

printk("----script.bin get io error----\r\n");

return -1;

}

/* reserve gpio for led */

gpio_handler = gpio_request_ex("led_test_para", "led1");

if (!gpio_handler) {

printk("----script.bin can't requst handler----\r\n");

return -1;

}

return 0;

}

static ssize_t led_write (struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off)

{

int val;

gpio_set_one_pin_io_status(gpio_handler, 1,

"led1");

copy_from_user(&val,buf,4);

printk("----led val:%d----\r\n",val);

switch(val){

case 0:

gpio_write_one_pin_value(gpio_handler,

0, "led1");

break;

case 1:

gpio_write_one_pin_value(gpio_handler,

1, "led1");

break;

default:

break;

}

return 0;

}

static int led_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)

{

printk("----led close----\r\n");

return 0;

}

static int __init led_init(void)

{

leds_major = register_chrdev(0, "led_chrdev", &led_operations);

leds_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "leds_class");

if(!leds_class){

unregister_chrdev(leds_major, "led_chrdev");

printk("----leds_chrdev error----\r\n");

return -1;

}

leds_device = device_create(leds_class, NULL, MKDEV(leds_major,0),

NULL, "leds_device");

if(!leds_device){

class_destroy(leds_class);

unregister_chrdev(leds_major, "led_chrdev");

printk("----leds_device error----\r\n");

return -1;

}

printk("----leds init ok----\r\n");

return 0;

}

static void __exit led_exit(void)

{

if (gpio_handler)

gpio_release(gpio_handler, 1);

device_destroy(leds_class, MKDEV(leds_major, 0));

class_destroy(leds_class);

unregister_chrdev(leds_major, "led_chrdev");

printk("---driver exit---\r\n");

}

module_init(led_init);

module_exit(led_exit);

MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Driver for empty");

MODULE_AUTHOR("wit_yuan");

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

led_test.c代码如下:

#include "stdio.h"

#include

#include

#include

int main(int argc,char *argv[])

{

int fd;

int val;

fd = open("/dev/leds_device",O_RDWR);

if(fd < 0){

printf("---open file error----\r\n");

return -1;

}

if(argc != 2){

printf("usage %s on|off\r\n",argv[0]);

return -1;

}

if(strncmp(argv[1],"on",2) == 0){

val = 1;

write(fd,&val,1);

}

else

{

val = 0;

write(fd,&val,1);

}

return 0;

}

Makefile代码如下:

ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)

KERNEL_DIR=/home/wityuan/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2/linux-sunxi

PWD=$(shell pwd)

modules:

$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules

arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o gpio gpio.c

modules_install:

$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install

clean:

rm -rf *.ko *.o .tmp_versions *.mod.c modules.order Module.symvers .*.cmd

else

obj-m:=gpio.o

endif

测试:

root@marsboard:~# ./led_test on

---script.bin led get ok,value:1----

----led val:1----

---led close----

root@marsboard:~# ./led_test off

---script.bin led get ok,value:1----

----led val:0----

----led close----

3.2 多LED灯控制

夜深了,睡觉,待续吧。。。

3.3 使用cdev注册设备

3.4 另外一种控制方式:

sys_config.fex下的GPIO内容信息如下:

GPIO控制表

如果需要控制gpio_pin_2,则:

root@marsboard:~# echo 2 > /sys/class/gpio/export

root@marsboard:~#

root@marsboard:~# ls /sys/class/gpio/

export gpio1_ph9 gpio2_pi15 gpiochip1 unexport

root@marsboard:~# echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio2_pi15/direction

root@marsboard:~# echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio2_pi15/value

root@marsboard:~# echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio2_pi15/value

通过这种方式,就可以控制LED灯的亮灭。

4 树莓派A20的键盘复位驱动程序

该复位程序需要做到:复位引脚拉低至少20ms,再等400ms左右将引脚拉为高电平才可行。

4.1 添加配置信息

在MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.1/tools/sunxi-tools下找到sys_config.fex文件,然后添加内容:

[gpio_whb_para]

gpio_whb_used = 1

gpio_whb_num = 1

gpio_whb_pin_1 = port:PH6<1><1>

gpio_whb_name_1 = "keypad_reset"

如下图所示:

添加配置信息

接着:

$ ./fex2bin sys_config.fex script.bin

在A20上:

$ mount /dev/nanda /mnt

然后将script.bin文件上传到A20的/mnt目录中。

4.2 修改Kconfig和Makefile内容

在linux-sunxi/drivers/misc/目录下,修改Kconfig和Makefile内容。

先修改Kconfig文件内容:

config GPOI_SUNXI_WHB

tristate "GPIO Support for sunxi platform (whb add)"

depends on (ARCH_SUN4I || ARCH_SUN5I || ARCH_SUN7I)

help

This option enables support for gpio connected

lines on the Allwinner SOCs (sun4i/sun5i).

The gpios must be defined in [gpio_whb_para] section of sysconfig.fex

然后修改Makefile文件内容:

obj-$(CONFIG_GPOI_SUNXI_WHB) += gpio_sunxi_whb.o

接着:

$ make menuconfig

可以看到如下图所示内容:

选中后效果图

验证是否已经在内核中是选中状态,可在linux-sunxi根目录下查看.config文件,如下图所示:

宏已经选中

4.3 编写驱动程序

命名驱动程序名称为:gpio_sunxi_whb.c,最终需要放到目录:linux-sunxi/drivers/misc/下。

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define GPIO_WHB_DEBUG

#ifdef GPIO_WHB_DEBUG

#define gpio_whb_debug(fmt, ...) printk(KERN_INFO "[GPIO_WHB][BUG][%d]"fmt, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)

#else

#define gpio_whb_debug(fmt, ...)

#endif /* KEYBOARD_I2C7290_DEBUG */

#define gpio_whb_error(fmt, ...) printk(KERN_INFO "[GPIO_WHB][ERR]"fmt"\n", ##__VA_ARGS__)

#define DRV_NAME "gpio_whb"

#define GPIO_WHB_IOCTL_GET 0

#define GPIO_WHB_IOCTL_SET 1

struct sunxi_gpio_whb_data {

unsigned gpio_handler;

script_gpio_set_t info;

char pin_name[16];

char gpio_name[64];

};

struct gpio_whb_ioctl_parameter {

int gpio;

int val;

};

static int gpio_whb_num = 0;

static struct sunxi_gpio_whb_data *psunxi_gpios_whb = NULL;

static struct miscdevice gpio_whb_misc = {0};

/* Get gpio pin value */

static int sunxi_gpio_get_value(unsigned gpio)

{

int ret;

user_gpio_set_t gpio_info[1];

if (gpio >= gpio_whb_num)

return -1;

ret = gpio_get_one_pin_status(psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].gpio_handler,

gpio_info, psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].pin_name, 1);

return gpio_info->data;

}

/* Set pin value (output mode) */

static void sunxi_gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int value)

{

int ret ;

if (gpio >= gpio_whb_num)

return;

gpio_whb_debug("SET:pin_name:%s, value:%d", psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].pin_name, value);

ret = gpio_write_one_pin_value(psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].gpio_handler,

value, psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].pin_name);

return;

}

/* Set pin direction -> out (mul_sel = 1), pin_data -> value */

static int sunxi_direction_output(unsigned gpio, int value)

{

int ret;

if (gpio >= gpio_whb_num)

return -1;

ret = gpio_set_one_pin_io_status(psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].gpio_handler, 1,

psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].pin_name);

if (!ret)

ret = gpio_write_one_pin_value(psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].gpio_handler,

value, psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].pin_name);

return ret;

}

/* Check if gpio num requested and valid */

static int sunxi_gpio_is_valid(unsigned gpio)

{

if (gpio >= gpio_whb_num)

return -1;

if (psunxi_gpios_whb[gpio].gpio_handler)

return 0;

return -1;

}

static int gpio_whb_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

int i = 0;

//所有IO设置为输出并置1

/*

for (i = 0; i < gpio_whb_num; ++i) {

sunxi_direction_output(i, 1);

}

*/

for (i = 0; i < gpio_whb_num; ++i) {

gpio_whb_debug("Open: Set GPIO %d is 1\n", i);

sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 1);

}

return 0;

}

static int gpio_whb_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

int i = 0;

//所有IO置1(因为键盘复位时是低电平,所以关闭时需要置1)

for (i = 0; i < gpio_whb_num; ++i) {

gpio_whb_debug("Close: Set GPIO %d is 1\n", i);

sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 1);

}

return 0;

}

/*

static ssize_t gpio_whb_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *offset)

{

return 0;

}

*/

static long gpio_whb_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)

{

struct gpio_whb_ioctl_parameter para = {0};

copy_from_user(&para, (void *)arg, sizeof(struct gpio_whb_ioctl_parameter));

gpio_whb_debug("Cmd: %d, GPIO: %d\n", cmd, para.gpio);

if (sunxi_gpio_is_valid(para.gpio) != 0) {

gpio_whb_error("gpio invalid");

return -1;

}

switch (cmd) {

case GPIO_WHB_IOCTL_GET:

para.val = sunxi_gpio_get_value(para.gpio);

copy_to_user((void *)arg, &para, sizeof(struct gpio_whb_ioctl_parameter));

break;

case GPIO_WHB_IOCTL_SET:

sunxi_gpio_set_value(para.gpio, para.val);

break;

default:

return -1;

}

return 0;

}

static const struct file_operations gpio_whb_fops = {

.owner = THIS_MODULE,

.open = gpio_whb_open,

.release = gpio_whb_close,

.unlocked_ioctl = gpio_whb_ioctl,

// .read = gpio_whb_read,

// .write = gpio_whb_write,

};

static int __init sunxi_gpio_whb_init(void)

{

int i, err;

int gpio_whb_used = 0;

struct sunxi_gpio_whb_data *gpio_whb_i;

char key[20];

struct miscdevice *misc = NULL;

/* parse script.bin for [leds_para] section

leds_used/leds_num/leds_pin_x/leds_name_x */

gpio_whb_debug("gpio_whb driver init\n");

err = script_parser_fetch("gpio_whb_para", "gpio_whb_used", &gpio_whb_used, sizeof(gpio_whb_used)/sizeof(int));

if (err) {

/* Not error - just info */

gpio_whb_error("sunxi gpio_whb can't find script data '[gpio_whb_para]' 'gpio_whb_used'\n");

return err;

}

if (!gpio_whb_used) {

gpio_whb_error("gpio_whb_used is false. Skip leds initialization\n");

err = 0;

return err;

}

err = script_parser_fetch("gpio_whb_para", "gpio_whb_num", &gpio_whb_num, sizeof(gpio_whb_num)/sizeof(int));

if (err) {

gpio_whb_error("script_parser_fetch '[gpio_whb_para]' 'gpio_whb_num' error\n");

return err;

}

if (!gpio_whb_num) {

gpio_whb_error("gpio_whb_num is none. Skip leds initialization\n");

err = 0;

return err;

}

gpio_whb_debug("gpio_whb_num = %d", gpio_whb_num);

/* allocate memory for leds gpio data and platform device data */

psunxi_gpios_whb = kzalloc(sizeof(struct sunxi_gpio_whb_data) * gpio_whb_num, GFP_KERNEL);

if (!psunxi_gpios_whb) {

gpio_whb_error("%s kzalloc failed\n", __func__);

err = -ENOMEM;

goto exit;

}

gpio_whb_i = psunxi_gpios_whb;

/* parse leds gpio/name script data */

for (i = 0; i < gpio_whb_num; i++) {

/* make next script entry name */

sprintf(gpio_whb_i->pin_name, "gpio_whb_pin_%d", i+1);

/* fetch next led name */

sprintf(key, "gpio_whb_name_%d", i + 1);

err = script_parser_fetch("gpio_whb_para", key,

(int *)gpio_whb_i->gpio_name,

sizeof(gpio_whb_i->gpio_name)/sizeof(int));

if (err) {

gpio_whb_error("script_parser_fetch '[gpio_whb_para]' '%s' error\n", key);

goto exit;

}

/* fetch next led gpio information */

sprintf(key, "gpio_whb_pin_%d", i + 1);

err = script_parser_fetch("gpio_whb_para", key,

(int *)&gpio_whb_i->info,

sizeof(script_gpio_set_t));

if (err) {

gpio_whb_error("script_parser_fetch '[gpio_whb_para]' '%s' error\n", key);

break;

}

gpio_whb_debug("gpio_name:%s, port:%d,port_num:%d\n", gpio_whb_i->info.gpio_name, gpio_whb_i->info.port, gpio_whb_i->info.port_num);

/* reserve gpio for led */

gpio_whb_i->gpio_handler = gpio_request_ex("gpio_whb_para", key);

if (!gpio_whb_i->gpio_handler) {

gpio_whb_error("can't request '[gpio_whb_para]' '%s', already used ?", key);

break;

}

gpio_whb_i++;

}

misc = &gpio_whb_misc;

misc->minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR;

misc->name = DRV_NAME;

misc->fops = &gpio_whb_fops;

err = misc_register(misc);

if (err) {

gpio_whb_error("Unable to register a misc device\n");

goto exit;

}

gpio_whb_debug("Register a misc device Ok\n");

return 0;

exit:

if (err != -ENOMEM) {

for (i = 0; i < gpio_whb_num; i++) {

if (psunxi_gpios_whb[i].gpio_handler)

gpio_release(psunxi_gpios_whb[i].gpio_handler, 1);

}

kfree(psunxi_gpios_whb);

return err;

}

return err;

}

static void __exit sunxi_gpio_whb_exit(void)

{

int i = 0;

struct miscdevice *misc = NULL;

misc = &gpio_whb_misc;

misc_deregister(misc);

for (i = 0; i < gpio_whb_num; i++) {

if (psunxi_gpios_whb[i].gpio_handler)

gpio_release(psunxi_gpios_whb[i].gpio_handler, 1);

}

kfree(psunxi_gpios_whb);

return;

}

module_init(sunxi_gpio_whb_init);

module_exit(sunxi_gpio_whb_exit);

MODULE_ALIAS("platform:gpio_whb-sunxi");

MODULE_DESCRIPTION("sunxi gpio(whb) driver");

MODULE_AUTHOR("wang hb ");

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

4.4 验证驱动加载是否成功

在树莓派A20下,使用如下命令:

root@marsboard:~# ll /dev/gpio_whb

crw------- 1 root root 10, 59 Jan 1 00:46 /dev/gpio_whb

root@marsboard:~#

这说明驱动确实加载进去了。

5 SPI使用GPIO切换选择

将代码命名为spi-gpio.c,如果在编入内核,可以存放在如上所示,也就是linux-sunxi/drivers/misc/spi-gpio.c,如下所示:

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define GPIO_DEBUG

#ifdef GPIO_DEBUG

#define gpio_debug(fmt, ...) printk(KERN_INFO "[%s][BUG][%d]"fmt, __FILE__,__LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)

#else

#define gpio_debug(fmt, ...)

#endif

#define gpio_error(fmt, ...) printk(KERN_INFO "[%s][ERR]"fmt"\n", __FILE__,##__VA_ARGS__)

#define DRV_NAME "A20_GPIO"

#define GPIO_IOCTL_GET 0

#define GPIO_IOCTL_SET 1

struct sunxi_gpio_data {

unsigned gpio_handler;

script_gpio_set_t info;

char pin_name[16];

char gpio_name[64];

};

struct gpio_ioctl_parameter {

int gpio;

int val;

};

static int gpio_num = 0;

static struct sunxi_gpio_data *psunxi_gpio = NULL;

static struct miscdevice gpio_misc = {0};

/* Set pin value (output mode) */

static void sunxi_gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int value)

{

int ret ;

if (gpio >= gpio_num)

return;

gpio_debug("SET:pin_name:%s, value:%d", psunxi_gpio[gpio].pin_name, value);

ret = gpio_write_one_pin_value(psunxi_gpio[gpio].gpio_handler,

value, psunxi_gpio[gpio].pin_name);

return;

}

/* Set pin direction -> out (mul_sel = 1), pin_data -> value */

static int sunxi_direction_output(unsigned gpio, int value)

{

int ret;

if (gpio >= gpio_num)

return -1;

ret = gpio_set_one_pin_io_status(psunxi_gpio[gpio].gpio_handler, 1,

psunxi_gpio[gpio].pin_name);

if (!ret)

ret = gpio_write_one_pin_value(psunxi_gpio[gpio].gpio_handler,

value, psunxi_gpio[gpio].pin_name);

return ret;

}

static int gpio_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

int i = 0;

for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; ++i) {

gpio_debug("Open: Set GPIO %d is 1\n", i);

sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 1);

}

return 0;

}

static ssize_t gpio_write (struct file *filep, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off)

{

unsigned char value;

int ret;

if(len != 1){

printk("---len error-------\r\n");

return -1;

}

ret = copy_from_user(&value,buf,len);

switch(value){

case 0:

sunxi_direction_output(0,0);

sunxi_direction_output(1,0);

sunxi_direction_output(2,0);

break;

case 1:

sunxi_direction_output(0,1);

sunxi_direction_output(1,0);

sunxi_direction_output(2,0);

break;

case 2:

sunxi_direction_output(0,0);

sunxi_direction_output(1,1);

sunxi_direction_output(2,0);

break;

case 3:

sunxi_direction_output(0,1);

sunxi_direction_output(1,1);

sunxi_direction_output(2,0);

break;

case 4:

sunxi_direction_output(0,0);

sunxi_direction_output(1,0);

sunxi_direction_output(2,1);

break;

case 5:

sunxi_direction_output(0,1);

sunxi_direction_output(1,0);

sunxi_direction_output(2,1);

break;

case 6:

sunxi_direction_output(0,0);

sunxi_direction_output(1,1);

sunxi_direction_output(2,1);

break;

case 7:

sunxi_direction_output(0,1);

sunxi_direction_output(1,1);

sunxi_direction_output(2,1);

break;

default:

printk("%s,value error\r\n",__FILE__);

break;

}

return len;

}

static int gpio_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

int i = 0;

for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; ++i) {

gpio_debug("Close: Set GPIO %d is 1\n", i);

sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 1);

}

return 0;

}

static const struct file_operations A20_gpio_fops = {

.owner = THIS_MODULE,

.open = gpio_open,

.release = gpio_close,

.write = gpio_write,

};

static int __init sunxi_gpio_init(void)

{

int i, err;

int gpio_used = 0;

struct sunxi_gpio_data *gpio_i;

struct miscdevice *misc = NULL;

gpio_debug("gpio driver init\n");

err = script_parser_fetch("A20_SPI_GPIO_para", "gpio_used", &gpio_used, sizeof(gpio_used)/sizeof(int));

if (err) {

/* Not error - just info */

gpio_error("sunxi gpio can't find script data '[gpio_para]' 'gpio_used'\n");

return err;

}

if (!gpio_used) {

gpio_error("gpio_used is false. Skip leds initialization\n");

err = 0;

return err;

}

err = script_parser_fetch("A20_SPI_GPIO_para", "gpio_num", &gpio_num, sizeof(gpio_num)/sizeof(int));

if (err) {

gpio_error("script_parser_fetch '[gpio_whb_para]' 'gpio_whb_num' error\n");

return err;

}

if (3!=gpio_num) {

gpio_error("gpio_num is not 3. Skip gpio initialization\n");

err = 0;

return err;

}

gpio_debug("gpio_num = %d", gpio_num);

/* allocate memory for leds gpio data and platform device data */

psunxi_gpio = kzalloc(sizeof(struct sunxi_gpio_data) * gpio_num, GFP_KERNEL);

if (!psunxi_gpio) {

gpio_error("%s kzalloc failed\n", __func__);

err = -ENOMEM;

goto exit;

}

gpio_i = psunxi_gpio;

/* parse leds gpio/name script data */

for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; i++) {

/* make next script entry name */

sprintf(gpio_i->pin_name, "A20_GPIO%d", i+1);

err = script_parser_fetch("A20_SPI_GPIO_para", gpio_i->pin_name,

(int *)gpio_i->gpio_name,

sizeof(gpio_i->gpio_name)/sizeof(int));

if (err) {

gpio_error("script_parser_fetch '[A20_SPI_GPIO_para]' '%s' error\n", gpio_i->pin_name);

goto exit;

}

gpio_debug("gpio_name:%s, port:%d,port_num:%d\n", gpio_i->info.gpio_name, gpio_i->info.port, gpio_i->info.port_num);

/* reserve gpio for led */

gpio_i->gpio_handler = gpio_request_ex("A20_SPI_GPIO_para", gpio_i->pin_name);

if (!gpio_i->gpio_handler) {

gpio_error("can't request '[gpio_whb_para]' '%s', already used", gpio_i->pin_name);

break;

}

gpio_i++;

}

for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; ++i) {

sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 1);

}

misc = &gpio_misc;

misc->minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR;

misc->name = DRV_NAME;

misc->fops = &A20_gpio_fops;

err = misc_register(misc);

if (err) {

gpio_error("Unable to register a misc device\n");

goto exit;

}

gpio_debug("Register a misc device Ok\n");

return 0;

exit:

if (err != -ENOMEM) {

for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; i++) {

if (psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler)

gpio_release(psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler, 1);

}

kfree(psunxi_gpio);

return err;

}

return err;

}

static void __exit sunxi_gpio_exit(void)

{

int i = 0;

struct miscdevice *misc = NULL;

misc = &gpio_misc;

misc_deregister(misc);

for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; i++) {

if (psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler)

gpio_release(psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler, 1);

}

kfree(psunxi_gpio);

return;

}

module_init(sunxi_gpio_init);

module_exit(sunxi_gpio_exit);

MODULE_ALIAS("platform:spi_fpga_dsp_gpio_wityuan-sunxi");

MODULE_DESCRIPTION("sunxi spi_fpga_gpio(wityuan) driver");

MODULE_AUTHOR("wityuan ");

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

Makefile文件为:

ifeq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)

KERNEL_DIR=/home/wityuan/Downloads/MarsBoard-A20-Linux-SDK-V1.2/linux-sunxi

PWD=$(shell pwd)

modules:

$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules

arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o spi-gpio spi-gpio.c

modules_install:

$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules_install

clean:

rm -rf *.ko *.o .tmp_versions *.mod.c modules.order Module.symvers .*.cmd

else

obj-m:=spi-gpio.o

endif

测试程序命名为spi-gpio_test.c,内容如下:

#include "stdio.h"

#include

#include

#include

int main(int argc,char *argv[])

{

int fd;

int val;

unsigned char write_val;

fd = open("/dev/A20_GPIO",O_RDWR);

if(fd < 0){

printf("---open file error----\r\n");

return -1;

}

if(argc != 2){

printf("usage %s (0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|)\r\n",argv[0]);

return -1;

}

write_val = (unsigned char)atoi(argv[1]);

if((write_val>7) | (write_val<0)){

printf("---value is valid---\r\n");

return -1;

}

write(fd,&write_val,1);

while(1);

return 0;

}

即可通过如下方式进行测试:

$ ./spi-gpio_test 0

$ ./spi-gpio_test 1

$ ./spi-gpio_test 2

$ ./spi-gpio_test 3

$ ./spi-gpio_test 4

$ ./spi-gpio_test 5

$ ./spi-gpio_test 6

$ ./spi-gpio_test 7

最终,我们往内核添加时,要将spi-gpio.c放到linux-sunxi/drivers/misc下。

并且在Kconfig和Makefile中添加内容:

Kconfig:

config SPI_GPIO_YUAN

tristate "(wit_yuan add)SPI GPIO SELECT Support for sunxi platform"

depends on (ARCH_SUN4I || ARCH_SUN5I || ARCH_SUN7I)

help

This option enables support for gpio connected

lines on the Allwinner SOCs (sun4i/sun5i).

The gpios must be defined in [A20_SPI_GPIO_para] section of sysconfig.fex

Makefile:

obj-$(CONFIG_SPI_GPIO_YUAN) += spi-gpio.o

sys_config.fex配置为:

[A20_SPI_GPIO_para]

gpio_used = 1

gpio_num = 3

A20_GPIO1 = port:PH0<1><1>

A20_GPIO2 = port:PH1<1><1>

A20_GPIO3 = port:PH1<1><1>

最终,查找是否有设备:

$ ls /dev/A20_GPIO

6 AD,RCA,MIC等使用IO脉冲切换

AD引脚配置

[AD_Switch_para]

AD_Switch_used = 1

gpio_num = 2

sw1 = port:PH0<1><1>

sw2 = port:PH1<1><1>

接着,在linux-sunxi/drivers/misc/目录下,修改Kconfig和Makefile内容。

先修改Kconfig文件内容:

config A20_sw

tristate "A20_sw for sunxi platform (wityuan add)"

depends on (ARCH_SUN4I || ARCH_SUN5I || ARCH_SUN7I)

help

This option enables support for gpio connected

lines on the Allwinner SOCs (sun4i/sun5i).

The gpios must be defined in section of sysconfig.fex

然后修改Makefile文件内容:

obj-$(CONFIG_A20_sw) += A20_sw.o

接着:

$ make menuconfig

找到该选项并且选中:

选中A20_sw

最后,我们需要将驱动程序,名称为:gpio_sunxi_whb.c,放到目录:linux-sunxi/drivers/misc/下。

源码如下:

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#include

#define GPIO_DEBUG

#ifdef GPIO_DEBUG

#define gpio_debug(fmt, ...) printk(KERN_INFO "[%s][BUG][%d]"fmt, __FILE__,__LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)

#else

#define gpio_debug(fmt, ...)

#endif

#define gpio_error(fmt, ...) printk(KERN_INFO "[%s][ERR]"fmt"\n", __FILE__,##__VA_ARGS__)

#define DRV_NAME "A20_SW"

struct sunxi_gpio_data {

unsigned gpio_handler;

script_gpio_set_t info;

char pin_name[16];

char gpio_name[64];

};

typedef struct{

int id;

int value;

}SW_T;

static int gpio_num = 0;

static struct sunxi_gpio_data *psunxi_gpio = NULL;

static struct miscdevice gpio_misc = {0};

/* Set pin value (output mode) */

static void sunxi_gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int value)

{

int ret ;

if (gpio >= gpio_num)

return;

gpio_debug("SET:pin_name:%s, value:%d", psunxi_gpio[gpio].pin_name, value);

ret = gpio_write_one_pin_value(psunxi_gpio[gpio].gpio_handler,

value, psunxi_gpio[gpio].pin_name);

return;

}

static int gpio_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

int i = 0;

for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; ++i) {

gpio_debug("Open: Set GPIO %d is 1\n", i);

sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 0);

}

return 0;

}

static ssize_t gpio_write (struct file *filep, const char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *off)

{

SW_T sw_t;

int ret;

if(len != (sizeof(sw_t))){

printk("---len error-------\r\n");

return -1;

}

ret = copy_from_user(&sw_t,buf,len);

printk("---sw_t.id:%d, sw_t.value:%d-------\r\n",sw_t.id,sw_t.value);

if(sw_t.id == 0){

sunxi_gpio_set_value(0, sw_t.value);

sunxi_gpio_set_value(1, 0);

}

else {

sunxi_gpio_set_value(0, 0);

sunxi_gpio_set_value(1, sw_t.value);

}

return len;

}

static int gpio_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

#if 0

int i = 0;

for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; ++i) {

gpio_debug("Close: Set GPIO %d is 1\n", i);

sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 0);

}

#endif

return 0;

}

static const struct file_operations A20_gpio_fops = {

.owner = THIS_MODULE,

.open = gpio_open,

.release = gpio_close,

.write = gpio_write,

};

static int __init sunxi_gpio_init(void)

{

int i, err;

int gpio_used = 0;

struct sunxi_gpio_data *gpio_i;

struct miscdevice *misc = NULL;

gpio_debug("gpio driver init\n");

err = script_parser_fetch("AD_Switch_para", "AD_Switch_used", &gpio_used, sizeof(gpio_used)/sizeof(int));

if (err) {

/* Not error - just info */

gpio_error("sunxi gpio can't find script data '[gpio_para]' 'gpio_used'\n");

return err;

}

if (!gpio_used) {

gpio_error("gpio_used is false. Skip leds initialization\n");

err = 0;

return err;

}

err = script_parser_fetch("AD_Switch_para", "gpio_num", &gpio_num, sizeof(gpio_num)/sizeof(int));

if (err) {

gpio_error("script_parser_fetch '[AD_Switch_para]' error\n");

return err;

}

if (2!=gpio_num) {

gpio_error("gpio_num is not 2. Skip gpio initialization\n");

err = 0;

return err;

}

gpio_debug("gpio_num = %d", gpio_num);

/* allocate memory for leds gpio data and platform device data */

psunxi_gpio = kzalloc(sizeof(struct sunxi_gpio_data) * gpio_num, GFP_KERNEL);

if (!psunxi_gpio) {

gpio_error("%s kzalloc failed\n", __func__);

err = -ENOMEM;

goto exit;

}

gpio_i = psunxi_gpio;

/* parse leds gpio/name script data */

for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; i++) {

/* make next script entry name */

sprintf(gpio_i->pin_name, "sw%d", i+1);

err = script_parser_fetch("AD_Switch_para", gpio_i->pin_name,

(int *)gpio_i->gpio_name,

sizeof(gpio_i->gpio_name)/sizeof(int));

if (err) {

gpio_error("script_parser_fetch '[AD_Switch_para]' '%s' error\n", gpio_i->pin_name);

goto exit;

}

gpio_debug("gpio_name:%s, port:%d,port_num:%d\n", gpio_i->info.gpio_name, gpio_i->info.port, gpio_i->info.port_num);

/* reserve gpio for led */

gpio_i->gpio_handler = gpio_request_ex("AD_Switch_para", gpio_i->pin_name);

if (!gpio_i->gpio_handler) {

gpio_error("can't request '[AD_Switch_para]' '%s', already used", gpio_i->pin_name);

break;

}

gpio_i++;

}

for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; ++i) {

sunxi_gpio_set_value(i, 0);

}

misc = &gpio_misc;

misc->minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR;

misc->name = DRV_NAME;

misc->fops = &A20_gpio_fops;

err = misc_register(misc);

if (err) {

gpio_error("Unable to register a misc device\n");

goto exit;

}

gpio_debug("Register a misc device Ok\n");

return 0;

exit:

if (err != -ENOMEM) {

for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; i++) {

if (psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler)

gpio_release(psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler, 1);

}

kfree(psunxi_gpio);

return err;

}

return err;

}

static void __exit sunxi_gpio_exit(void)

{

int i = 0;

struct miscdevice *misc = NULL;

misc = &gpio_misc;

misc_deregister(misc);

for (i = 0; i < gpio_num; i++) {

if (psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler)

gpio_release(psunxi_gpio[i].gpio_handler, 1);

}

kfree(psunxi_gpio);

return;

}

module_init(sunxi_gpio_init);

module_exit(sunxi_gpio_exit);

MODULE_ALIAS("platform:sw0,sw1 select");

MODULE_DESCRIPTION("sw0,sw1(wityuan) driver");

MODULE_AUTHOR("wityuan ");

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

测试程序sw_test.c为:

#include "stdio.h"

#include

#include

#include

typedef struct{

int id;

int value;

}SW_T;

int main(int argc,char *argv[])

{

int fd;

int val;

SW_T sw_t;

fd = open("/dev/A20_SW",O_RDWR);

if(fd < 0){

printf("---open file error----\r\n");

return -1;

}

if(argc != 2){

printf("usage %s on|off\r\n",argv[0]);

return -1;

}

val = atoi(argv[1]);

sw_t.id = val;

sw_t.value = 1;

write(fd,&sw_t,sizeof(SW_T));

//sleep(1);

usleep(200000);

sw_t.id = val;

sw_t.value = 0;

write(fd,&sw_t,sizeof(SW_T));

usleep(200000);

while(1);

return 0;

}

7 参考文件

1.\marsboard\marsboard-a20-linux-sdk-v1.2\linux-sunxi\drivers\leds\leds-sunxi.c

2.\marsboard\marsboard-a20-linux-sdk-v1.2\linux-sunxi\gpio\gpio-sunxi.c