hbase的shell操作:

进入hbase shell命令行界面:

[kgg@hadoop201 hbase]$ bin/hbase shell

  • 表的操作
  • list
  • 查看表
hbase(main):001:0> list
TABLE                                                                                                         
0 row(s) in 0.1380 seconds
  • create
  • 创建表,创建的时候,需要指定表面和列族且起码要有一个列族,同时可以指定表的属性,但是表的属性要指定在列族上
hbase(main):002:0> create 'student','info'
0 row(s) in 1.3190 seconds
  • desc
  • 查看表信息
hbase(main):003:0> desc 'student'
Table student is ENABLED                                                                                      
student                                                                                                       
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                   
{NAME => 'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', D
ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'tru
e', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}                                                           
1 row(s) in 0.0930 seconds
  • disable
  • 停用表,主要在对表进行一些维护时防止客户端继续写入数据。一半在删除表前都必须停用表,对列族进行修改的时候也需要停用表
hbase(main):006:0> disable 'student'
0 row(s) in 2.2530 seconds

hbase(main):007:0> desc 'student'
Table student is DISABLED
  • enable
  • 和停用表类似。enable ‘表名’用来启用表,is_enabled ‘表名’用来判断一个表是否被启用
  • enable_all ‘正则表达式’可以通过正则来过滤表,启用复合条件的表
hbase(main):008:0> enable 'student'
0 row(s) in 1.2420 seconds

hbase(main):009:0> desc 'student'
Table student is ENABLED
  • exists
  • 判断表是否存在
hbase(main):010:0> exists 'student'
Table student does exist                                                                                      
0 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds
  • count
  • 扫描表的数据量
hbase(main):011:0> count 'student'
0 row(s) in 0.0550 seconds

=> 0
  • drop
  • 删除表
  • 删除表前,需要将其disable
hbase(main):012:0> disable 'student'
0 row(s) in 2.2270 seconds

hbase(main):013:0> drop 'student'
0 row(s) in 1.2430 seconds

hbase(main):014:0> exists 'student'
Table student does not exist                                                                                  
0 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds
  • truncate
  • 清空表
hbase(main):034:0> truncate 'student'
Truncating 'student' table (it may take a while):
 - Disabling table...
 - Truncating table...
0 row(s) in 3.3460 seconds

hbase(main):036:0> scan 'student'
ROW                          COLUMN+CELL                                                                      
0 row(s) in 0.1210 seconds
  • get_split
  • 获取表对应得region个数
hbase(main):043:0> get_splits 'student'
Total number of splits = 1

=> []
  • alter
  • 修改表的属性,通常时修改某个列族的属性
hbase(main):044:0> alter 'student',{NAME=>'info',VERSIONS=>'5'}
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 1.9000 seconds
  • 数据操作
  • put
  • put可以新增记录,也可以为记录设置属性,主要用法如下:
    put ‘表名’, ‘行键’, ‘列名’, ‘值’
    put ‘表名’, ‘行键’, ‘列名’, ‘值’,时间戳
    put ‘表名’, ‘行键’, ‘列名’, ‘值’, { ‘属性名’ => ‘属性值’}
    put ‘表名’, ‘行键’, ‘列名’, ‘值’,时间戳, { ‘属性名’ =>‘属性值’}
-- 先把删除的student表创建出来
hbase(main):021:0> create 'student','info'
0 row(s) in 1.2370 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - student
hbase(main):022:0> put 'student','1001','info:name','Nick'
0 row(s) in 0.0570 seconds

hbase(main):023:0> put 'student','1001','info:sex','male'
0 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds

hbase(main):024:0> put 'student','1001','info:age','18'
0 row(s) in 0.0040 seconds

hbase(main):025:0> put 'student','1002','info:name','Janna'
0 row(s) in 0.0040 seconds

hbase(main):026:0> put 'student','1002','info:sex','female'
0 row(s) in 0.0040 seconds

hbase(main):027:0> put 'student','1002','info:age','20'
0 row(s) in 0.0180 seconds
  • scan
  • scan命令可以按照rowkey的字典顺序来遍历指定的表的数据
  • scan的主要用法如下一些:
  • scan ‘表名’:默认当前表的所有列族。
  • scan ‘表名’,{COLUMNS=> [‘列族:列名’],…} : 遍历表的指定列
  • scan ‘表名’, { STARTROW => ‘起始行键’, ENDROW => ‘结束行键’ }:指定rowkey范围。如果不指定,则会从表的开头一直显示到表的结尾。区间为左闭右开。
  • scan ‘表名’, { LIMIT => 行数量}: 指定返回的行的数量
  • scan ‘表名’, {VERSIONS => 版本数}:返回cell的多个版本
  • scan ‘表名’, { TIMERANGE => [最小时间戳, 最大时间戳]}:指定时间戳范围 注意:此区间是一个左闭右开的区间,因此返回的结果包含最小时间戳的记录,但是不包含最大时间戳记录
  • scan ‘表名’, { RAW => true, VERSIONS => 版本数} 显示原始单元格记录,在Hbase中,被删掉的记录在HBase被删除掉的记录并不会立即从磁盘上清除,而是先被打上墓碑标记,然后等待下次major compaction的时候再被删除掉。注意RAW参数必须和VERSIONS一起使用,但是不能和COLUMNS参数一起使用。
  • scan ‘表名’, { FILTER => “过滤器”} and|or { FILTER => “过滤器”}: 使用过滤器扫描
hbase(main):028:0> scan 'student'
ROW                          COLUMN+CELL                                                                      
 1001                        column=info:age, timestamp=1602764954114, value=18                               
 1001                        column=info:name, timestamp=1602764954060, value=Nick                            
 1001                        column=info:sex, timestamp=1602764954089, value=male                             
 1002                        column=info:age, timestamp=1602764955707, value=20                               
 1002                        column=info:name, timestamp=1602764954132, value=Janna                           
 1002                        column=info:sex, timestamp=1602764954149, value=female                           
2 row(s) in 0.0300 seconds

注意:虽然我们看似往表中放了多次数据且scan出不止一行的输出,但是hbase通过rowkey来鉴别行,所有rowkey相同的数据都是同一行的数据

  • get
  • get支持scan支持的大部分属性,如COLUMNS,TIMERANGE,VERSIONS,FILTER
hbase(main):030:0> get 'student','1001','info:name'
COLUMN                       CELL                                                                             
 info:name                   timestamp=1602764954060, value=Nick                                              
1 row(s) in 0.0060 seconds
  • delete
  • 删除某行数据
hbase(main):006:0> deleteall 'student','1001'
0 row(s) in 0.1870 seconds

hbase(main):007:0> scan 'student'
ROW                          COLUMN+CELL                                                                      
 1002                        column=info:age, timestamp=1602765806166, value=20                               
 1002                        column=info:name, timestamp=1602765805624, value=Janna                           
 1002                        column=info:sex, timestamp=1602765805640, value=female                           
1 row(s) in 0.0490 seconds
  • 删除指定列的数据
hbase(main):008:0> delete 'student','1002','info:sex'
0 row(s) in 0.0130 seconds

hbase(main):009:0> scan 'student'
ROW                          COLUMN+CELL                                                                      
 1002                        column=info:age, timestamp=1602765806166, value=20                               
 1002                        column=info:name, timestamp=1602765805624, value=Janna                           
1 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds