android手机通讯录增删改查 android简易通讯录增删改查

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编程艺术家 2023-06-30 16:21:06

文章标签 android手机通讯录增删改查移动开发数据库数据结构与算法 Email 文章分类 Android 移动开发

一.前言

1.1 Android的电话本的机制.

Android的电话本通过contentProvider封装好的。我们只要通过sdk提供的Uri和字段来对其进行增、删、改、查。

1.2 权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS"></uses-permission> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"></uses-permission>

1.3 找到ContentProvider维护的Sqlist数据库文件（ .db）

ContentProvider其实自己管理一个Sqlist数据库文件（ .db）。这个文件的路径为/data/data/com.android.providers.contacts/databases/contacts2.db。如图：

1.4 查看ContentProvider维护的Sqlist数据库文件（ .db）

在模拟器中的电话本里创建几个联系人，打开1.2中的.db文件，可以用数据库查看工具SQLite Expert Professional打开看下，如图：
从上图，可以看出左边是.db文件的表，点开各表后可以看出主要的表有raw_contacts,contacts,data

二. api

2.1 三张主表.

从api中可以看到android.provider.ContactsContract是sdk2.0的类库，从api和上面的图都可以看出关于电话本主要信息都存在ContactsContract.Data，ContactsContract.RawContacts，ContactsContract.Contacts三张表里
2.1.1 以上三张表的关联关系.
ContactsContract.Data， ContactsContract.RawContacts， ContactsContract.Contacts 三张表的关联，
ContactsContract.RawContacts表里包含ContactsContract.Contacts的contact_id；ContactsContract.Data表里有ContactsContract.RawContacts的raw_contact_id,和ContactsContract.Contacts的contact_id

2.2 各数据对应的类库，电话本各字段的数据结构

2.2.1 Email 对应ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email

Type Alias Data column StringADDRESSDATA1 Email address itself. intTYPEDATA2

TYPE_CUSTOM. Put the actual type inLABEL.
TYPE_HOME
TYPE_WORK
TYPE_OTHER
TYPE_MOBILE

StringLABELDATA3 Email数据有三个字段存储：ADDRESS为Email值；TYPE为类型，当为自定义（TYPE_CUSTOM）时，LABEL字段要写入用户自定义的类型；
2.2.2 IM 对应ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Im

Type Alias Data column StringDATADATA1 intTYPEDATA2

TYPE_CUSTOM. Put the actual type inLABEL.
TYPE_HOME
TYPE_WORK
TYPE_OTHER

StringLABELDATA3 StringPROTOCOLDATA5
Allowed values:
PROTOCOL_CUSTOM. Also provide the actual protocol name asCUSTOM_PROTOCOL.
PROTOCOL_AIM
PROTOCOL_MSN
PROTOCOL_YAHOO
PROTOCOL_SKYPE
PROTOCOL_QQ
PROTOCOL_GOOGLE_TALK
PROTOCOL_ICQ
PROTOCOL_JABBER
PROTOCOL_NETMEETING

StringCUSTOM_PROTOCOLDATA6

Im有5个字段
2.2.3 Phone 对应ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone

Type Alias Data column StringNUMBERDATA1 intTYPEDATA2

TYPE_CUSTOM. Put the actual type inLABEL.
TYPE_HOME
TYPE_MOBILE
TYPE_WORK
TYPE_FAX_WORK
TYPE_FAX_HOME
TYPE_PAGER
TYPE_OTHER
TYPE_CALLBACK
TYPE_CAR
TYPE_COMPANY_MAIN
TYPE_ISDN
TYPE_MAIN
TYPE_OTHER_FAX
TYPE_RADIO
TYPE_TELEX
TYPE_TTY_TDD
TYPE_WORK_MOBILE
TYPE_WORK_PAGER
TYPE_ASSISTANT
TYPE_MMS

StringLABELDATA3

2.2.4 Postal address 通讯地址对应ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.StructuredPostal

Type Alias Data column StringFORMATTED_ADDRESSDATA1 intTYPEDATA2

TYPE_CUSTOM. Put the actual type inLABEL.
TYPE_HOME
TYPE_WORK
TYPE_OTHER

StringLABELDATA3 StringSTREETDATA4 StringPOBOXDATA5 Post Office Box number StringNEIGHBORHOODDATA6 StringCITYDATA7 StringREGIONDATA8 StringPOSTCODEDATA9 StringCOUNTRYDATA10

三.代码

3.1根据API写代码.

在api里ContactsContract.Data 和ContactsContract.RawContacts文档里有关于insert ，update, delete,query的代码，显示出操作各自的表的代码。可以根据这些来完成我们自己的逻辑。

3.2 查询 （查出全部联系人，在只显示姓名）需要如图：

需求分析：由于列表中只需要姓名，所以在查询表时就只查询出姓名信息就好。当点击某个联系人再查出Email,phone等详细信息。

3.2.1 查询联系人总表代码：
说明：由于姓名可以直接在ContactsContract.Contacts表里查到，所以如下

public static final String[] PROJECTION_CONTACTS = { Contacts._ID,
			Contacts.PHOTO_ID, Contacts.IN_VISIBLE_GROUP,
			Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER, Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME,
			Contacts.CUSTOM_RINGTONE };

	/**
	 * wu0wu
	 * 
	 * 功能：查询所有联系人PROJECTION_CONTACTS信息
	 * 
	 * */
	public static void _getContacts(ContentResolver cr) {
		Cursor cursorContact = null;

		try {
			cursorContact = cr.query(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI,
					PROJECTION_CONTACTS, Contacts.IN_VISIBLE_GROUP + "=1",
					null, null);
			Log.e("wu0wu", "联系人个数=" + cursorContact.getCount());
			int[] indexs = getColumnIndexs(PROJECTION_CONTACTS, cursorContact);

			while (cursorContact.moveToNext()) {
				Log.e("wu0wu", "------------------------------------");
				for (int i = 0; i < PROJECTION_CONTACTS.length; i++) {
					String value = cursorContact.getString(indexs[i]);
					Log.e("wu0wu", PROJECTION_CONTACTS[i] + "=" + value);
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			Log.e("wu0wu", e.toString());
		} finally {
			if (cursorContact != null) {
				cursorContact.close();
			}
		}
	}

	private static int[] getColumnIndexs(String[] projections, Cursor c) {
		int[] ret = new int[projections.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < projections.length; i++) {
			ret[i] = c.getColumnIndex(projections[i]);
		}
		return ret;
	}

3.2.2 根据contactId查询联系人详细

// phone
	private static final String[] PROJECTION_PHONENUMBER_CONTACT = {
			Phone.NUMBER, Phone.TYPE, Phone.LABEL };
	/* DISPLAY_NAME唯一性 */
	private static final String[] PROJECTION_DISPLAYNAME_CONTACT = { StructuredName.DISPLAY_NAME };
	// Email
	private static final String[] PROJECTION_EAMIL_CONTACT = { Email.DATA1,
			Email.TYPE, Email.LABEL };
	// IM
	private static final String[] PROJECTION_IM_CONTACT = new String[] {
			Im.DATA, Im.TYPE, Im.LABEL, Im.PROTOCOL };
	// address
	private static final String[] PROJECTION_ADDRESS_CONTACT = new String[] {
			StructuredPostal.STREET, StructuredPostal.CITY,
			StructuredPostal.REGION, StructuredPostal.POSTCODE,
			StructuredPostal.COUNTRY, StructuredPostal.TYPE,
			StructuredPostal.LABEL, StructuredPostal.POBOX,
			StructuredPostal.NEIGHBORHOOD, };
	// Organization
	private static final String[] PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION_CONTACT = new String[] {
			Organization.COMPANY, Organization.TYPE, Organization.LABEL,
			Organization.TITLE };
	// note
	private static final String[] PROJECTION_NOTES_CONTACT = new String[] { Note.NOTE };
	// nickname
	private static final String[] PROJECTION_NICKNAMES_CONTACT = new String[] {
			Nickname.NAME, Nickname.TYPE, Nickname.LABEL };
	// website
	private static final String[] PROJECTION_WEBSITES_CONTACT = new String[] {
			Website.URL, Website.TYPE, Website.LABEL };

	/**
	 * 功能：根据contactId查询联系人详细
	 * 
	 * 在android.provider.ContactsContract.Data表里查询
	 * */
	public static void _getContactByContactId(ContentResolver cr,
			String contactId) {
		Cursor c = null;

		c = cr.query(Data.CONTENT_URI, null, Data.CONTACT_ID + "=?",
				new String[] { contactId }, null);

		String mimeType = null;
		String[] contentValue = null;

		ArrayList<String[]> displayNameList = new ArrayList<String[]>();// 存显示名
		ArrayList<String[]> phoneList = new ArrayList<String[]>();// 存电话号码，可多个
		ArrayList<String[]> emailList = new ArrayList<String[]>();// 存Email，可多个
		ArrayList<String[]> imList = new ArrayList<String[]>();// 存im，可多个
		ArrayList<String[]> postalList = new ArrayList<String[]>();// 存postal地址，可多个
		ArrayList<String[]> organizationList = new ArrayList<String[]>();// 存organization组织，可多个
		ArrayList<String[]> noteList = new ArrayList<String[]>();// 存note备注
		ArrayList<String[]> nicknameList = new ArrayList<String[]>();// 存Nickname昵称
		ArrayList<String[]> websiteList = new ArrayList<String[]>();// 存Website网站

		while (c.moveToNext()) {
			// 根据mimeType分类信息
			mimeType = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(Data.MIMETYPE));
			if (StructuredName.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE.equals(mimeType)) {
				contentValue = MyUtils.getStringInContactCursor(c,
						PROJECTION_DISPLAYNAME_CONTACT);
				displayNameList.add(contentValue);
			} else if (Phone.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE.equals(mimeType)) {
				// 每个contentValue存一类PROJECTION_PHONENUMBER_CONTACT数据
				contentValue = MyUtils.getStringInContactCursor(c,
						PROJECTION_PHONENUMBER_CONTACT);
				phoneList.add(contentValue);
			} else if (Email.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE.equals(mimeType)) {
				contentValue = MyUtils.getStringInContactCursor(c,
						PROJECTION_EAMIL_CONTACT);
				emailList.add(contentValue);
			} else if (Im.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE.equals(mimeType)) {
				contentValue = MyUtils.getStringInContactCursor(c,
						PROJECTION_IM_CONTACT);
				imList.add(contentValue);
			} else if (StructuredPostal.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE.equals(mimeType)) {
				contentValue = MyUtils.getStringInContactCursor(c,
						PROJECTION_ADDRESS_CONTACT);
				postalList.add(contentValue);
			} else if (Organization.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE.equals(mimeType)) {
				contentValue = MyUtils.getStringInContactCursor(c,
						PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION_CONTACT);
				organizationList.add(contentValue);
			} else if (Note.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE.equals(mimeType)) {
				contentValue = MyUtils.getStringInContactCursor(c,
						PROJECTION_NOTES_CONTACT);
				noteList.add(contentValue);
			} else if (Nickname.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE.equals(mimeType)) {
				contentValue = MyUtils.getStringInContactCursor(c,
						PROJECTION_NICKNAMES_CONTACT);
				nicknameList.add(contentValue);
			} else if (Website.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE.equals(mimeType)) {
				contentValue = MyUtils.getStringInContactCursor(c,
						PROJECTION_WEBSITES_CONTACT);
				websiteList.add(contentValue);
			}
		}
		c.close();

		// log
		MyUtils.logContactsDetails("displayName",PROJECTION_DISPLAYNAME_CONTACT, displayNameList);
		MyUtils.logContactsDetails("phoneNumber",PROJECTION_PHONENUMBER_CONTACT, phoneList);
		MyUtils.logContactsDetails("Email", PROJECTION_EAMIL_CONTACT,emailList);
		MyUtils.logContactsDetails("IM", PROJECTION_IM_CONTACT, imList);
		MyUtils.logContactsDetails("Address", PROJECTION_ADDRESS_CONTACT,postalList);
		MyUtils.logContactsDetails("Organization",PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION_CONTACT, organizationList);
		MyUtils.logContactsDetails("Note", PROJECTION_NOTES_CONTACT, noteList);
		MyUtils.logContactsDetails("NickName", PROJECTION_NICKNAMES_CONTACT,nicknameList);
		MyUtils.logContactsDetails("WebSit", PROJECTION_WEBSITES_CONTACT,websiteList);
	}

用到的两个方法：

public static String[] getStringInContactCursor(Cursor c,
			String[] projection) {
		String[] contentValue = new String[projection.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < contentValue.length; i++) {
			String value = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(projection[i]));
			if (value == null) {
				contentValue[i] = "";
			} else {
				contentValue[i] = value;
			}
		}
		return contentValue;
	}

	public static void logContactsDetails(String title, String[] projection,
			ArrayList<String[]> data) {
		Log.e("wu0wu", "--------" + title + "--------");
	
		for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < data.get(i).length; j++) {
				Log.e("wu0wu", projection[j] + "=" + data.get(i)[j]);
			}
		}
	}

3.3 新建联系人
接口方法：

/**
	 * 新建联系人的接口
	 * 
	 * @param String
	 *            accountName，accountType 为账号名账号类型，一般为NULL
	 * @throws RemoteException
	 * @throws OperationApplicationException
	 */

	public static String _insertContact(ContentResolver cr, String accountName,
			String accountType, String displayName, ArrayList<String[]> phone,
			ArrayList<String[]> email, ArrayList<String[]> im,
			ArrayList<String[]> address, ArrayList<String[]> organization,
			ArrayList<String[]> notes, ArrayList<String[]> nickname,
			ArrayList<String[]> website) throws RemoteException,
			OperationApplicationException {

		ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> ops = new ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation>();

		String rawId = "";
		long rawContactId = insertRawContact(cr, accountName, accountType);
		rawId = Long.toString(rawContactId);

		if (displayName != null) {
			insertContactDisplayname(ops, StructuredName.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE,
					rawId, displayName);
		}
		if (phone != null) {
			for (int j = 0; j < phone.size(); j++) {
				String[] item = phone.get(j);
				insertItemToContact(ops, Phone.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE, rawId,
						PROJECTION_PHONENUMBER_CONTACT, item);
			}
		}
		if (email != null) {
			for (int j = 0; j < email.size(); j++) {
				String[] item = email.get(j);
				insertItemToContact(ops, Email.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE, rawId,
						PROJECTION_EAMIL_CONTACT, item);
			}
		}
		if (im != null) {
			for (int j = 0; j < im.size(); j++) {
				String[] item = im.get(j);
				insertItemToContact(ops, Im.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE, rawId,
						PROJECTION_IM_CONTACT, item);
			}
		}
		if (address != null) {
			for (int j = 0; j < address.size(); j++) {
				String[] item = address.get(j);
				insertItemToContact(ops, StructuredPostal.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE,
						rawId, PROJECTION_ADDRESS_CONTACT, item);
			}
		}
		if (organization != null) {
			for (int j = 0; j < organization.size(); j++) {
				String[] item = organization.get(j);
				insertItemToContact(ops, Organization.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE, rawId,
						PROJECTION_ORGANIZATION_CONTACT, item);
			}
		}
		if (notes != null) {
			for (int j = 0; j < notes.size(); j++) {
				String[] item = notes.get(j);
				insertItemToContact(ops, Note.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE, rawId,
						PROJECTION_NOTES_CONTACT, item);
			}
		}
		if (nickname != null) {
			for (int j = 0; j < nickname.size(); j++) {
				String[] item = nickname.get(j);
				insertItemToContact(ops, Nickname.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE, rawId,
						PROJECTION_NICKNAMES_CONTACT, item);
			}
		}
		if (website != null) {
			for (int j = 0; j < website.size(); j++) {
				String[] item = website.get(j);
				insertItemToContact(ops, Website.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE, rawId,
						PROJECTION_WEBSITES_CONTACT, item);
			}
		}
		cr.applyBatch(ContactsContract.AUTHORITY, ops);
		return rawId;
	}

	/*
	 * 通过往ROWCONTACT里插入数据，获得rawId
	 * 
	 * @param cr
	 * 
	 * @param accountName 一般为NULL
	 * 
	 * @param accountType 一般为NULL
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */

	private static long insertRawContact(ContentResolver cr,
			String accountName, String accountType) {

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(RawContacts.ACCOUNT_NAME, accountName);
		values.put(RawContacts.ACCOUNT_TYPE, accountType);
		// values.put(Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, displayName);
		Uri rawContactUri = cr.insert(RawContacts.CONTENT_URI, values);
		long rawContactId = ContentUris.parseId(rawContactUri);
		return rawContactId;
	}

	private static void insertContactDisplayname(
			ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> ops, String mimeType,
			String rawContactId, String displayName) throws RemoteException,
			OperationApplicationException {

		ops.add(ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(Data.CONTENT_URI).withValue(
				Data.MIMETYPE, mimeType).withValue(Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID,
				rawContactId).withValue(StructuredName.DISPLAY_NAME,
				displayName).build());

	}

	private static void insertItemToContact(
			ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> ops, String mimeType,
			String rawContactId, String[] PROJECTION_CONTACT, String[] item)
			throws RemoteException, OperationApplicationException {
		// ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		// values.put(Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID, rawContactId);
		// values.put(Data.MIMETYPE, mimeType);
		// for (int i = 0; i < PROJECTION_CONTACT.length; i++) {
		// values.put(PROJECTION_CONTACT[i], item[i]);
		// }
		// Uri dataUri = cr.insert(Data.CONTENT_URI, values);

		Builder builder = ContentProviderOperation.newInsert(Data.CONTENT_URI);
		builder.withYieldAllowed(true);
		builder.withValue(Data.RAW_CONTACT_ID, rawContactId);
		builder.withValue(Data.MIMETYPE, mimeType);
		for (int i = 0; i < PROJECTION_CONTACT.length; i++) {
			builder.withValue(PROJECTION_CONTACT[i], item[i]);
		}
		ops.add(builder.build());
	}

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