1. 快速排序时冒泡排序的升级版
都知道冒泡排序需要从0-n-1轮n-1次两两比较。并且进行多次两两交换才能得到最后的排列结果。需要
for(i from 0 to n-1)
for(j from i+1 to n-1)
compare(a[i], a[j]) and switch(a[i], a[j])
算法复杂度为O(n power 2)
快速排序通过对冒泡的改进,j将i和j从两边移到中间,使得第一次循环结果为以选取的中心值为中心。如果需要升序,
left = 0, right = n-1, pivot = a[left]
while(i< =j)
{
if(a[j]<pivot) a[i]= a[i] , i++小的往左边移动
if(a[i]>pibot) a[j] = a[j], j++, 大的往右移动
else i++
else j++
}
quicksort(a,left,i-1);
quicksort(a,i+1,right);
快速排序则添加入循环迭代思想, 不断的拆分这个数组。
选取第一个数为中心元素
使用递归
函数头:quicksort(inta[],intleft,intright)
quicksort(a,left,i-1);
quicksort(a,i+1,right);
2. 如何随机排列数列?
用这个 random_shuffle() 可以得到一个随即排序:
先用数组构造一个 vector 容器,
然后给 random_shuffle() 算法传递容易的首尾迭代器即可
参考地址: javascript:void(0)
如何从一个数列中随机得到一个数?
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
for(int i = 0; i < 10;i++ )
cout << rand() << '\t';
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
产生一定范围随机数的通用表示公式
要取得[a,b)的随机整数,使用(rand() % (b-a))+ a;
要取得[a,b]的随机整数,使用(rand() % (b-a+1))+ a
3.下面实现随机化的快速排序
- #include <iostream>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <time.h>
- using namespace std;
- bool static Inc(const int& x, const int& y)
- {
- return x<y;
- }
- bool static Dec(const int& x, const int& y)
- {
- return x>y;
- }
- //template<bool cmp(const int&, const int&)>
- void quicksort(int a[],int left,int right)
- { int i,j;
- if(left<right)
- { i=left;j=right;
- int temp=a[left]; //store the pivot number, it can be anyone of the array a[]
- do
- { while(Inc(a[j],temp) && i<j)//Inc for des
- j--; //j一直减直到可以交换
- if(i<j)
- { a[i]=a[j];//blank postion i = a[j]
- i++;
- }
- while(Inc(temp, a[i]) && i<j)//i一直加直到a[i]大于j
- i++;
- if(i<j)
- { a[j]=a[i];
- j--;
- }
- }while(i<j);// do while can make sure the i=j will be executed
- a[i]=temp;//i =j, only one positon left, so its the last temp
- quicksort(a,left,i-1);
- quicksort(a,i+1,right);
- }
- }
- int main()
- {
- cout<<"input n"<<endl;
- int n;
- scanf("%d",&n);
- int a[100];
- cout<<"input "<< n<<" numbers"<<endl;
- for(int i = 0; i< n; i++)
- {
- scanf("%d", a+i);
- }
- int left = 0, right = n-1;
- srand(time(NULL));
- left = rand()%n;
- cout<<"random pivot is "<<a[left]<<endl;
- //swap with the first one
- int tmp;
- tmp = a[0];
- a[0]= a[left];
- a[left] = tmp;
- quicksort(a,0,n-1);
- cout<<"the result is:"<<endl;
- for(int i = 0; i< n; i++)
- {
- cout<<a[i]<<" ";
- }
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
- 或者<pre name="code" class="cpp"> if(left<right)
- { i=left;j=right;
- int pivot = a[left]; //store the pivot number, it can be anyone of the array a[]
- while(i <= j)
- {
- if(Inc(a[j],pivot) && i<j)
- {
- a[i] = a[j]; //大的往左边移动
- i++;
- if(Inc(pivot, a[i]) && i<j)
- {
- a[j] = a[i];//小的往右边移动
- j--;
- }
- else
- {
- i++;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- j--;
- }
- }
- a[i]=pivot;//i =j, only one positon left, so its the last temp
- quicksort(a,left,i-1);
- quicksort(a,i+1,right);
- }
4. 快速排序的变体
注意最后是交换a[i] 和A[r] 不是i+1
- #include <iostream>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <time.h>
- using namespace std;
- bool static Inc(const int& x, const int& y)
- {
- return x<y;
- }
- bool static Dec(const int& x, const int& y)
- {
- return x>y;
- }
- //template<bool cmp(const int&, const int&)>
- void quicksort(int a[], int left, int right)
- { int i,j;
- if(left < right)
- {
- i=left;//j=size -1;
- int pivot = a[left];
- int tmp;
- //int temp=a[i]; //store the pivot number, it can be anyone of the array a[]
- for(j = i+1; j <= right; j++)
- {
- if(a[j]<pivot)
- {
- if(j> ++i)
- {
- tmp = a[j];
- a[j] = a[i];//sawp i+1 and j
- a[i]=tmp;
- }
- }
- }
- tmp = a[i];
- a[i] = a[left];
- a[left] = tmp;
- quicksort(a,left,i-1);
- quicksort(a,i+1,right);
- }
- }
- int main()
- {
- cout<<"input n"<<endl;
- int n;
- scanf("%d",&n);
- int a[100];
- cout<<"input "<< n<<" numbers"<<endl;
- for(int i = 0; i< n; i++)
- {
- scanf("%d", a+i);
- }
- int left = 0, right = n-1;
- srand(time(NULL));
- left = rand()%n;
- cout<<"random pivot is "<<a[left]<<endl;
- //swap with the first one
- int tmp;
- tmp = a[0];
- a[0]= a[left];
- a[left] = tmp;
- quicksort(a,0,n-1);
- cout<<"the result is:"<<endl;
- for(int i = 0; i< n; i++)
- {
- cout<<a[i]<<" ";
- }
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }