pinyin4j的主页:http://pinyin4j.sourceforge.net/
pinyin4j能够根据中文字符获取其对应的拼音,而且拼音的格式可以定制
pinyin4j是一个支持将中文转换到拼音的Java开源类库
  1.支持简体中文和繁体中文字符
  2.支持转换到汉语拼音,通用拼音, 威妥玛拼音(威玛拼法), 注音符号第二式, 耶鲁拼法和国语罗马字
  3.支持多音字,即可以获取一个中文字符的多种发音
  4.支持多种字符串输出格式,比如支持Unicode格式的字符ü和声调符号(阴平 "ˉ",阳平"ˊ",上声"ˇ",去声"ˋ")的输出

package com.vrv.paw.utils;

import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.PinyinHelper;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinCaseType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinOutputFormat;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinToneType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.exception.BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination;

/**
 * 获取汉字的拼音
 * @author zgf
 *
 */
public class PinYinUtil {
    /** 
     * 获取汉字串拼音首字母,英文字符不变 
     * 
     * @param chinese 汉字串 
     * @return 汉语拼音首字母 
     */ 
    public static String cn2FirstSpell(String chinese) { 
            StringBuffer pybf = new StringBuffer(); 
            char[] arr = chinese.toCharArray(); 
            HanyuPinyinOutputFormat defaultFormat = new HanyuPinyinOutputFormat(); 
            defaultFormat.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.LOWERCASE); 
            defaultFormat.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITHOUT_TONE); 
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { 
                    if (arr[i] > 128) { 
                            try { 
                                    String[] _t = PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinStringArray(arr[i], defaultFormat); 
                                    if (_t != null) { 
                                            pybf.append(_t[0].charAt(0)); 
                                    } 
                            } catch (BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination e) { 
                                    e.printStackTrace(); 
                            } 
                    } else { 
                            pybf.append(arr[i]); 
                    } 
            } 
            return pybf.toString().replaceAll("\\W", "").trim(); 
    } 

    /** 
     * 获取汉字串拼音,英文字符不变 
     * 
     * @param chinese 汉字串 
     * @return 汉语拼音 
     */ 
    public static String cn2Spell(String chinese) { 
            StringBuffer pybf = new StringBuffer(); 
            char[] arr = chinese.toCharArray(); 
            HanyuPinyinOutputFormat defaultFormat = new HanyuPinyinOutputFormat(); 
            defaultFormat.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.LOWERCASE); 
            defaultFormat.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITHOUT_TONE); 
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { 
                    if (arr[i] > 128) { 
                            try { 
                                    pybf.append(PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinStringArray(arr[i], defaultFormat)[0]); 
                            } catch (BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination e) { 
                                    e.printStackTrace(); 
                            } 
                    } else { 
                            pybf.append(arr[i]); 
                    } 
            } 
            return pybf.toString(); 
    } 

}
package com.awd.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.PinyinHelper;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinCaseType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinOutputFormat;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinToneType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.exception.BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination;

public class Pinyin4jUtil {

    /**
     * 汉字转换位汉语拼音首字母,英文字符不变,特殊字符丢失 支持多音字,生成方式如(长沙市长:cssc,zssz,zssc,cssz)
     * 
     * @param chines
     *            汉字
     * @return 拼音
     */
    public static String converterToFirstSpell(String chines) {
        StringBuffer pinyinName = new StringBuffer();
        char[] nameChar = chines.toCharArray();
        HanyuPinyinOutputFormat defaultFormat = new HanyuPinyinOutputFormat();
        defaultFormat.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.LOWERCASE);
        defaultFormat.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITHOUT_TONE);
        for (int i = 0; i < nameChar.length; i++) {
            if (nameChar[i] > 128) {
                try {
                    // 取得当前汉字的所有全拼
                    String[] strs = PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinStringArray(nameChar[i], defaultFormat);
                    if (strs != null) {
                        for (int j = 0; j < strs.length; j++) {
                            // 取首字母
                            pinyinName.append(strs[j].charAt(0));
                            if (j != strs.length - 1) {
                                pinyinName.append(",");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // else {
                    // pinyinName.append(nameChar[i]);
                    // }
                } catch (BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } else {
                pinyinName.append(nameChar[i]);
            }
            pinyinName.append(" ");
        }
        // return pinyinName.toString();
        return parseTheChineseByObject(discountTheChinese(pinyinName.toString()));
    }

    /**
     * 汉字转换位汉语全拼,英文字符不变,特殊字符丢失 支持多音字,生成方式如(重当参:zhongdangcen,zhongdangcan,chongdangcen ,chongdangshen,zhongdangshen,chongdangcan)
     * 
     * @param chines
     *            汉字
     * @return 拼音
     */
    public static String converterToSpell(String chines) {
        StringBuffer pinyinName = new StringBuffer();
        char[] nameChar = chines.toCharArray();
        HanyuPinyinOutputFormat defaultFormat = new HanyuPinyinOutputFormat();
        defaultFormat.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.LOWERCASE);
        defaultFormat.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITHOUT_TONE);
        for (int i = 0; i < nameChar.length; i++) {
            if (nameChar[i] > 128) {
                try {
                    // 取得当前汉字的所有全拼
                    String[] strs = PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinStringArray(nameChar[i], defaultFormat);
                    if (strs != null) {
                        for (int j = 0; j < strs.length; j++) {
                            pinyinName.append(strs[j]);
                            if (j != strs.length - 1) {
                                pinyinName.append(",");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } catch (BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } else {
                pinyinName.append(nameChar[i]);
            }
            pinyinName.append(" ");
        }
        // return pinyinName.toString();
        return parseTheChineseByObject(discountTheChinese(pinyinName.toString()));
    }

    /**
     * 去除多音字重复数据
     * 
     * @param theStr
     * @return
     */
    private static List<Map<String, Integer>> discountTheChinese(String theStr) {
        // 去除重复拼音后的拼音列表
        List<Map<String, Integer>> mapList = new ArrayList<Map<String, Integer>>();
        // 用于处理每个字的多音字,去掉重复
        Map<String, Integer> onlyOne = null;
        String[] firsts = theStr.split(" ");
        // 读出每个汉字的拼音
        for (String str : firsts) {
            onlyOne = new Hashtable<String, Integer>();
            String[] china = str.split(",");
            // 多音字处理
            for (String s : china) {
                Integer count = onlyOne.get(s);
                if (count == null) {
                    onlyOne.put(s, new Integer(1));
                } else {
                    onlyOne.remove(s);
                    count++;
                    onlyOne.put(s, count);
                }
            }
            mapList.add(onlyOne);
        }
        return mapList;
    }

    /**
     * 解析并组合拼音,对象合并方案(推荐使用)
     * 
     * @return
     */
    private static String parseTheChineseByObject(List<Map<String, Integer>> list) {
        Map<String, Integer> first = null; // 用于统计每一次,集合组合数据
        // 遍历每一组集合
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            // 每一组集合与上一次组合的Map
            Map<String, Integer> temp = new Hashtable<String, Integer>();
            // 第一次循环,first为空
            if (first != null) {
                // 取出上次组合与此次集合的字符,并保存
                for (String s : first.keySet()) {
                    for (String s1 : list.get(i).keySet()) {
                        String str = s + s1;
                        temp.put(str, 1);
                    }
                }
                // 清理上一次组合数据
                if (temp != null && temp.size() > 0) {
                    first.clear();
                }
            } else {
                for (String s : list.get(i).keySet()) {
                    String str = s;
                    temp.put(str, 1);
                }
            }
            // 保存组合数据以便下次循环使用
            if (temp != null && temp.size() > 0) {
                first = temp;
            }
        }
        String returnStr = "";
        if (first != null) {
            // 遍历取出组合字符串
            for (String str : first.keySet()) {
                returnStr += (str + ",");
            }
        }
        if (returnStr.length() > 0) {
            returnStr = returnStr.substring(0, returnStr.length() - 1);
        }
        return returnStr;
    }

}