本文是学习Netty的第一篇文章,主要对Netty的Server和Client间的通讯机制进行验证。
Server与Client建立连接后,会执行以下的步骤:
1、Client向Server发送消息:Are you ok?
2、Server接收客户端发送的消息,并打印出来。
3、Server端向客户端发送消息:I am ok!
4、Client接收Server端发送的消息,并打印出来,通讯结束。
涉及到的类有4个:
1、HelloServer :server类,启动Netty server
2、HelloServerInHandler:server的handler,接收客户端消息,并向客户端发送消息
3、HelloClient:client类,建立于Netty server的连接
4、HelloClientIntHandler:client的handler,接收server端的消息,并向服务端发送消息
1、HelloServer代码如下:
- package com.guowl.testserver;
- import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
- import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
- import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
- import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
- import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
- public class HelloServer {
- public void start(int port) throws Exception {
- EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- try {
- ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
- b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
- .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
- @Override
- public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
- throws Exception {
- // 注册handler
- ch.pipeline().addLast(new HelloServerInHandler());
- }
- }).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
- .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
- ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
- f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
- } finally {
- workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- HelloServer server = new HelloServer();
- server.start(8000);
- }
- }
2、HelloServerInHandler代码如下:
- package com.guowl.testserver;
- import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
- import org.slf4j.Logger;
- import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
- // 该handler是InboundHandler类型
- public class HelloServerInHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
- private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory
- .getLogger(HelloServerInHandler.class);
- @Override
- public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg)
- throws Exception {
- logger.info("HelloServerInHandler.channelRead");
- ByteBuf result = (ByteBuf) msg;
- byte[] result1 = new byte[result.readableBytes()];
- // msg中存储的是ByteBuf类型的数据,把数据读取到byte[]中
- result.readBytes(result1);
- String resultStr = new String(result1);
- // 接收并打印客户端的信息
- System.out.println("Client said:" + resultStr);
- // 释放资源,这行很关键
- result.release();
- // 向客户端发送消息
- String response = "I am ok!";
- // 在当前场景下,发送的数据必须转换成ByteBuf数组
- ByteBuf encoded = ctx.alloc().buffer(4 * response.length());
- encoded.writeBytes(response.getBytes());
- ctx.write(encoded);
- ctx.flush();
- }
- @Override
- public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- ctx.flush();
- }
- }
3、HelloClient代码如下:
- package com.guowl.testserver;
- import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
- import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
- import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
- import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
- import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
- public class HelloClient {
- public void connect(String host, int port) throws Exception {
- EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
- try {
- Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
- b.group(workerGroup);
- b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
- b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
- b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
- @Override
- public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
- ch.pipeline().addLast(new HelloClientIntHandler());
- }
- });
- // Start the client.
- ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();
- // Wait until the connection is closed.
- f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
- } finally {
- workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- HelloClient client = new HelloClient();
- client.connect("127.0.0.1", 8000);
- }
- }
4、HelloClientIntHandler代码如下:
- package com.guowl.testserver;
- import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
- import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
- import org.slf4j.Logger;
- import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
- public class HelloClientIntHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
- private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloClientIntHandler.class);
- // 接收server端的消息,并打印出来
- @Override
- public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
- logger.info("HelloClientIntHandler.channelRead");
- ByteBuf result = (ByteBuf) msg;
- byte[] result1 = new byte[result.readableBytes()];
- result.readBytes(result1);
- System.out.println("Server said:" + new String(result1));
- result.release();
- }
- // 连接成功后,向server发送消息
- @Override
- public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
- logger.info("HelloClientIntHandler.channelActive");
- String msg = "Are you ok?";
- ByteBuf encoded = ctx.alloc().buffer(4 * msg.length());
- encoded.writeBytes(msg.getBytes());
- ctx.write(encoded);
- ctx.flush();
- }
- }
通过上面简单的实例可以发现:
1、在没有任何encoder、decoder的情况下,Netty发送接收数据都是按照ByteBuf的形式,其它形式都是不合法的。
2、接收发送数据操作都是通过handler实现的,handler在netty中占据了非常重要的位置。
3、netty的handler是基于事件触发的,例如当client连接server成功后,client中的HelloClientIntHandler的channelActive方法会自动调用。