Netty学习笔记(一)
Netty是一个高性能的NIO框架,相比与IO编程需要编写大量的代码,Netty的使用更加简单。Netty的主要功能是负责网络传输,dubbo,rocket MQ以及elasticsearch中都采用Netty做为网络传输框架。
Netty的特性(以下特性来自百度,但是我感觉对于开发者来时主要还是用起来比较简单。。。。。。)
1.设计
针对多种传输类型的统一接口 - 阻塞和非阻塞
简单但更强大的线程模型
真正的无连接的数据报套接字支持
链接逻辑支持复用
2.易用性
大量的 Javadoc 和 代码实例
除了在 JDK 1.6 + 额外的限制。(一些特征是只支持在Java 1.7 +。可选的功能可能有额外的限制。)
3.性能
比核心 Java API 更好的吞吐量,较低的延时
资源消耗更少,这个得益于共享池和重用
减少内存拷贝
4.健壮性
消除由于慢,快,或重载连接产生的 OutOfMemoryError
消除经常发现在 NIO 在高速网络中的应用中的不公平的读/写比
5.安全
完整的 SSL / TLS 和 StartTLS 的支持
行在受限的环境例如 Applet 或 OSGI
6.社区
发布的更早和更频繁
社区驱动
服务端:
public class Server { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ //1 创建线两个程组 //一个是用于处理服务器端接收客户端连接的 //一个是进行网络通信的(网络读写的) EventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); //2 创建辅助工具类,用于服务器通道的一系列配置 ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(pGroup, cGroup)//绑定俩个线程组 .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//指定NIO的模式 .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)//设置tcp缓冲区 //设置日志 .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception { sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingDecoder()); sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingEncoder()); //客户端与服务端在3s内没有任何通信则关闭响应通道 节省服务器资源(客户端服务端都需要配置) sc.pipeline().addLast(new ReadTimeoutHandler(3)); //3 在这里配置具体数据接收方法的处理 sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler()); } }); //4 进行绑定 ChannelFuture cf1 = b.bind(8765).sync(); //ChannelFuture cf2 = b.bind(8766).sync(); //5 等待关闭 cf1.channel().closeFuture().sync(); //cf2.channel().closeFuture().sync(); pGroup.shutdownGracefully(); cGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } public class ServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{ @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { } @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { Request request = (Request)msg; System.out.println("Server : " + request.getId() + ", " + request.getName() + ", " + request.getRequestMessage()); Response response = new Response(); response.setId(request.getId()); response.setName("response" + request.getId()); response.setResponseMessage("响应内容" + request.getId()); ctx.writeAndFlush(response);//.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);监听响应成功后断开通道短链接方式 } @Override public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { ctx.close(); } }
客户端:
public class Client { private static class SingletonHolder { static final Client instance = new Client(); } public static Client getInstance(){ return SingletonHolder.instance; } private EventLoopGroup group; private Bootstrap b; private ChannelFuture cf ; private Client(){ group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); b = new Bootstrap(); b.group(group) .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception { //通过JBOSS的Marshalling进行编码解码 sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingDecoder()); sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingEncoder()); //客户端与服务端在3s内没有任何通信则关闭响应通道 节省服务器资源 sc.pipeline().addLast(new ReadTimeoutHandler(3)); // sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler()); } }); } public void connect(){ try { this.cf = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8765).sync(); System.out.println("远程服务器已经连接, 可以进行数据交换.."); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public ChannelFuture getChannelFuture(){ if(this.cf == null){ this.connect(); } if(!this.cf.channel().isActive()){ this.connect(); } return this.cf; } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ final Client c = Client.getInstance(); //c.connect(); ChannelFuture cf = c.getChannelFuture(); for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++ ){ Request request = new Request(); request.setId("" + i); request.setName("pro" + i); request.setRequestMessage("数据信息" + i); cf.channel().writeAndFlush(request); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4); } cf.channel().closeFuture().sync(); //通过new一个子线程来重新连接服务端 new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println("进入子线程..."); ChannelFuture cf = c.getChannelFuture(); System.out.println(cf.channel().isActive()); System.out.println(cf.channel().isOpen()); //再次发送数据 Request request = new Request(); request.setId("" + 4); request.setName("pro" + 4); request.setRequestMessage("数据信息" + 4); cf.channel().writeAndFlush(request); cf.channel().closeFuture().sync(); System.out.println("子线程结束."); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); System.out.println("断开连接,主线程结束.."); } } public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{ @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { } @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { try { Response resp = (Response)msg; System.out.println("Client : " + resp.getId() + ", " + resp.getName() + ", " + resp.getResponseMessage()); } finally { ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg); } } @Override public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { ctx.close(); } }
Marshalling工厂:
public final class MarshallingCodeCFactory { /** * 创建Jboss Marshalling×××MarshallingDecoder * @return MarshallingDecoder */ public static MarshallingDecoder buildMarshallingDecoder() { //首先通过Marshalling工具类的精通方法获取Marshalling实例对象 参数serial标识创建的是java序列化工厂对象。 final MarshallerFactory marshallerFactory = Marshalling.getProvidedMarshallerFactory("serial"); //创建了MarshallingConfiguration对象,配置了版本号为5 final MarshallingConfiguration configuration = new MarshallingConfiguration(); configuration.setVersion(5); //根据marshallerFactory和configuration创建provider UnmarshallerProvider provider = new DefaultUnmarshallerProvider(marshallerFactory, configuration); //构建Netty的MarshallingDecoder对象,俩个参数分别为provider和单个消息序列化后的最大长度 MarshallingDecoder decoder = new MarshallingDecoder(provider, 1024); return decoder; } /** * 创建Jboss Marshalling编码器MarshallingEncoder * @return MarshallingEncoder */ public static MarshallingEncoder buildMarshallingEncoder() { final MarshallerFactory marshallerFactory = Marshalling.getProvidedMarshallerFactory("serial"); final MarshallingConfiguration configuration = new MarshallingConfiguration(); configuration.setVersion(5); MarshallerProvider provider = new DefaultMarshallerProvider(marshallerFactory, configuration); //构建Netty的MarshallingEncoder对象,MarshallingEncoder用于实现序列化接口的POJO对象序列化为二进制数组 MarshallingEncoder encoder = new MarshallingEncoder(provider); return encoder; } }