前面的博文里介绍了归档和解档,这里我们把它实际应用到一个简单的代码中去,将它作为一个多文档应用程序的打开和保存的背后支持。另外这里介绍一下MVC思想,这个在不论什么语言里都会有,它是一种设计思想,主要能够概括为一个程序由3部分组成:

1 模式:是程序的数据支持;

2 视图:是程序的表示支持;

3 控制:连接模式和视图,将程序构为一个总体;

    Cocoa框架中对MVC提供了非常好的支持,你仅仅须要写非常少的代码就能够完毕一个程序的MVC绑定了。以下的样例中,我生成一个基于多文档的程序,使用了NSArrayController类作为控制器,它的数据源为NSArray,当中每个元素由我定义的类Person来描写叙述;主窗体中的tab_view作为主类中的outlets,主类为Document,它派生自NSDocument用来支持多文档中的每个文档窗体。

obj-c编程15[Cocoa实例03]:MVC以及归档化演示样例_多文档

加入add和removebutton,都与NSArrayController中的add和remove方法绑定;tab_view控件的两列分别与Person类中的2个属性绑定,每一行自然是Person数组中的每个Person对象了。这样每个视图中的数据表示(tab_view)通过控制器与模式相连,视图内容的改变(通过add和removebutton)也通过控制器从而导致模式数据的改变;而模式自身的改变(通过读档操作)也会更新视图的显示哦。这样保证了视图和模式的独立性:模式能够在其它视图上显示,而视图也能够绑定其它的模式。

    最后,利用归档化实现了程序的save和open功能,也基本没写几行代码,并且save后的文件也自己主动与我们的程序绑定起来,假设双击该文件,会自己主动用我们的app打开哦,真是十分的方便。详细请看代码:

//
// Document.h
// mac_doc
//
// Created by kinds on 14-7-7.
// Copyright (c) 2014年 kinds. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>

@interface Document : NSDocument{
IBOutlet NSTableView *tab_view;
NSMutableArray *persons;
}

-(void)setPersons:(NSMutableArray *)ary;

@end


//
// Document.m
// mac_doc
//
// Created by kinds on 14-7-7.
// Copyright (c) 2014年 kinds. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Document.h"

@interface Document ()

@end

@implementation Document

- (instancetype)init {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
// Add your subclass-specific initialization here.
persons = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
}
return self;
}

-(void)setPersons:(NSMutableArray *)ary{
if(ary == persons) return;
persons = ary;
}

- (void)windowControllerDidLoadNib:(NSWindowController *)aController {
[super windowControllerDidLoadNib:aController];

// Add any code here that needs to be executed once the windowController has loaded the document's window.

}

+ (BOOL)autosavesInPlace {
return YES;
}

- (NSString *)windowNibName {
// Override returning the nib file name of the document
// If you need to use a subclass of NSWindowController or if your document supports multiple NSWindowControllers, you should remove this method and override -makeWindowControllers instead.
return @"Document";
}

- (NSData *)dataOfType:(NSString *)name error:(NSError **)out_err {
// Insert code here to write your document to data of the specified type. If outError != NULL, ensure that you create and set an appropriate error when returning nil.
// You can also choose to override -fileWrapperOfType:error:, -writeToURL:ofType:error:, or -writeToURL:ofType:forSaveOperation:originalContentsURL:error: instead.
[[tab_view window] endEditingFor:nil];
return [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:persons];
}

- (BOOL)readFromData:(NSData *)data ofType:(NSString *)name \
error:(NSError **)out_err {
// Insert code here to read your document from the given data of the specified type. If outError != NULL, ensure that you create and set an appropriate error when returning NO.
// You can also choose to override -readFromFileWrapper:ofType:error: or -readFromURL:ofType:error: instead.
// If you override either of these, you should also override -isEntireFileLoaded to return NO if the contents are lazily loaded.
NSMutableArray *new_ary = nil;
@try{
new_ary = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:data];
}@catch(NSException *e){
NSLog(@"exception = %@",e);
if(out_err){
NSDictionary *d = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:\
@"data is corrupted!" \
forKey:NSLocalizedFailureReasonErrorKey];
*out_err = [NSError errorWithDomain:NSOSStatusErrorDomain \
code:unimpErr userInfo:d];
}
return NO;
}
[self setPersons:new_ary];
return YES;
}

@end


//
// Person.h
// mac_doc
//
// Created by kinds on 14-7-7.
// Copyright (c) 2014年 kinds. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Person : NSObject <NSCoding>{
NSString *name;
float exp_raise;
}

@property(readwrite,copy)NSString *name;
@property(readwrite)float exp_raise;

@end


//
// Person.m
// mac_doc
//
// Created by kinds on 14-7-7.
// Copyright (c) 2014年 kinds. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

@synthesize name,exp_raise;

-(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder{
self = [super init];
if(self){
name = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
exp_raise = [coder decodeFloatForKey:@"exp_raise"];
}
return self;
}

-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder{
[coder encodeObject:name forKey:@"name"];
[coder encodeFloat:exp_raise forKey:@"exp_raise"];
}

-(id)init{
self = [super init];
if(self){
exp_raise = 0.05;
name = @"no_name";
}
return self;
}

-(void)setNilValueForKey:(NSString *)key{
if([key isEqualToString:@"exp_raise"])
self.exp_raise = 0.0;
else
[super setNilValueForKey:key];
}

@end


程序运行界面例如以下:

obj-c编程15[Cocoa实例03]:MVC以及归档化演示样例_#import_02

我们还能够设置私有存档文件的图标以及扩展名,例如以下图:

obj-c编程15[Cocoa实例03]:MVC以及归档化演示样例_多文档_03