在有些机器学习程序中我们想要指定某些操作执行的依赖关系,这时我们可以使用tf.control_dependencies()
来实现。 control_dependencies(control_inputs)
返回一个控制依赖的上下文管理器,使用with
关键字可以让在这个上下文环境中的操作都在control_inputs
执行。
with g.control_dependencies([a, b, c]): # `d` and `e` will only run after `a`, `b`, and `c` have executed. d = ... e = ...
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可以嵌套control_dependencies
使用
with g.control_dependencies([a, b]): # Ops constructed here run after `a` and `b`. with g.control_dependencies([c, d]): # Ops constructed here run after `a`, `b`, `c`, and `d`.
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可以传入None
来消除依赖:
with g.control_dependencies([a, b]): # Ops constructed here run after `a` and `b`. with g.control_dependencies(None): # Ops constructed here run normally, not waiting for either `a` or `b`. with g.control_dependencies([c, d]): # Ops constructed here run after `c` and `d`, also not waiting # for either `a` or `b`.
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注意:
控制依赖只对那些在上下文环境中建立的操作有效,仅仅在context中使用一个操作或张量是没用的
# WRONGdef my_func(pred, tensor): t = tf.matmul(tensor, tensor) with tf.control_dependencies([pred]): # The matmul op is created outside the context, so no control # dependency will be added. return t# RIGHTdef my_func(pred, tensor): with tf.control_dependencies([pred]): # The matmul op is created in the context, so a control dependency # will be added. return tf.matmul(tensor, tensor)
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例子:
在训练模型时我们每步训练可能要执行两种操作,op a, b
这时我们就可以使用如下代码:
with tf.control_dependencies([a, b]): c= tf.no_op(name='train')#tf.no_op;什么也不做sess.run(c)
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在这样简单的要求下,可以将上面代码替换为:
c= tf.group([a, b]) sess.run(c)