rman的几种常用命令
configure，list，crosscheck,report，format
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1.configure
RMAN> show all;
RMAN 配置参数为:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO 'D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_1\DATABASE\S
NCFDBA.ORA'; # default
--备份集的保存策略
backup database keep forever; --永久保留备份文件
backup database keep until time='sysdate+30'; --保存备份30天
可以在allocate子句中设定每个备份片的大小，以达到磁带或系统限制。
也可以在configure中设置备份片大小。
Configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100 m;
configure channel device type disk clear;
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2.list
list命令列出控制文件、RMAN恢复目录中备份信息，查看所有可见的数据库备份文件的最直观的方法
1）list backup of {archivelog, controlfile, database, datafile, spfile, tablespace};
2）list backup of database; --full,incremental（增量备份）,tablespace,datafile
3）list backup of archivelog {all, from, high, like, logseq, low, scn, sequence, time, until};
4）list expired backup;--列出过期的备份文件
--查看一天前的备份
5）RMAN> list copy of database archivelog from time='sysdate-1';
RMAN> list backup of database archivelog from time='sysdate-1';
RMAN>
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3.crosscheck
crosscheck backup;--检查没有用RMAN命令删除的文件，会把它们标记为expired
list expired backup; --列出expired的文件,即物理上已经不存在了
delete noprompt expired backup;--把那些expired的文件在RMAN中删除
先删除物理盘的情况,要先交差检查再删除
--copy备份删除：
RMAN> list copy of datafile 4;
RMAN> delete copy of datafile 4;
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? y
RMAN-06207: WARNING: 1 objects could not be deleted for DISK channel(s) due
--先删除物理的数据文件的警告
RMAN> crosscheck copy;
RMAN> delete copy of datafile 4;
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? y
RMAN> list copy of datafile 4;
--backup备份删除
RMAN> delete backup of datafile 4;
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? y
RMAN-06207: WARNING: 8 objects could not be deleted for DISK channel(s) due
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN>delete backup;--删除全部
RMAN> delete backup of datafile 4;--删除某个文件
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? y
deleted backup piece
RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;
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4.report
--1.数据库的结构
RMAN> report schema;
Report of database schema
File K-bytes Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- ---------- -------------------- ------- -------------------
1 460800 SYSTEM YES E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
2 30720 UNDOTBS1 YES E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
3 256000 SYSAUX NO E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
4 5120 USERS NO E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF
5 153600 EXAMPLE NO E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF
6 5120 MYTABLESPACE NO E:\DBF\MYTABLESPACE.DBF
7 10240 MYTABLESPACE NO E:\DBF\MYTABLESPACE01.DBF
8 102400 MYTABLESPACE NO E:\DBF\MY02
9 10240 MYTs NO E:\DBF\MYTS03
10 51200 RMANTS NO E:\ORACLE\RMAN\RMANTS01.DBF
RMAN>
--2.需要备份的
report need backup days=n;--最近n天没备份的
RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
Report of files with less than 1 redundant backups
File #bkps Name
---- ----- -----------------------------------------------------
1 0 E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
2 0 E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
3 0 E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
5 0 E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF
6 0 E:\DBF\MYTABLESPACE.DBF
7 0 E:\DBF\MYTABLESPACE01.DBF
8 0 E:\DBF\MY02
9 0 E:\DBF\MYTS03
10 0 E:\ORACLE\RMAN\RMANTS01.DBF
--3.过期的备份
RMAN> report obsolete;
--列出过期的备份，RMAN有个备份保留时间
--过期的就可以删除了
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5.rman的format格式中的%
%c 备份片的拷贝数
%d 数据库名称
%D 位于该月中的第几天 (DD)
%M 位于该年中的第几月 (MM)
%F 一个基于DBID唯一的名称,这个格式的形式为c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中IIIIIIIIII为该数据库的DBID，YYYYMMDD为
日期，QQ是一个1-256的序列
%n 数据库名称，向右填补到最大八个字符
%u 一个八个字符的名称代表备份集与创建时间
%p 该备份集中的备份片号，从1开始到创建的文件数
%U 一个唯一的文件名，代表%u_%p_%c
%s 备份集的号
%t 备份集时间戳
%T 年月日格式(YYYYMMDD)
