Nginx访问日志
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日志格式配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ...... log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]' ' $host "$request_uri" $status' ' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; ......
"combined_realip"为日志格式名称; $remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'' $host "$request_uri" $status'' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"是日志的内容。
日志内容说明:
| 名称 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| $remote_addr | 客户端IP(公网IP) |
| $http_x_forwarded_for | 代理服务器的IP |
| $time_local | 服务器本地时间 |
| $host | 访问主机名(域名) |
| $request_uri | 访问的URL地址 |
| $status | 状态码 |
| $http_referer | referer |
| $http_user_agent | user_agent |
- 定义虚拟主机的日志格式
定义虚拟主机的前提是在Nginx配置文件中设定日志格式,然后才能在虚拟主机中进行调用(格式名称)
定义.conf的日志格式:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/.conf
......
access_log /tmp/.log combined_realip;
......
# 指定日志位置及格式(格式名称)
检测并重新加载配置:
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
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测试
访问test2.com: [root@localhost ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1 test2.com -I curl: (7) Failed connect to 127.0.0.1:1080; 拒绝连接 [root@localhost ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test2.com -I HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently Server: nginx/1.8.0 Date: Thu, 04 Jan 2018 13:00:43 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 184 Connection: keep-alive Location: http:///
访问: [root@localhost ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.8.0 Date: Thu, 04 Jan 2018 13:00:54 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 9 Last-Modified: Wed, 03 Jan 2018 14:45:43 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5a4cec97-9" Accept-Ranges: bytes
查看访问日志: [root@localhost ~]# cat /tmp/.log 127.0.0.1 - [04/Jan/2018:21:00:43 +0800] test2.com "/" 301 "-" "curl/7.29.0" 127.0.0.1 - [04/Jan/2018:21:00:54 +0800] "/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
Nginx日志切割
因为Nginx没有自带的日志切割工具,所以需要借助系统日志切割命令或使用日志切割脚本。
- 日志切割脚本
为了方便管理,shell脚本统一保存位置:/usr/local/sbin/
编辑脚本:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh
#! /bin/bash
d=`date -d "-1 day" +%Y%m%d`
#定义切割时间(切割一天前的日志)
logdir="/tmp/"
#此处指定要切割的日志路径(该路径来自虚拟主机配置文件)
nginx_pid="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
#调用pid的目的是执行命令:/bin/kill -HUP `cat $nginx_pid`
#该命令等价于命令:nginx -s reload(重新加载文件),确保与虚拟主机配置文件变更保持同步
#该地址来自nginx配置文件
cd $logdir
for log in `ls *.log`
do
mv $log $log-$d
done
#此处使用通配进行循环,对所有复合条件的日志文件进行切割
/bin/kill -HUP `cat $nginx_pid`
#执行此命令进行重载生成新的日志文件来记录新的日志
执行脚本:
[root@localhost ~]# sh -x /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh
++ date -d '-1 day' +%Y%m%d
+ d=20180103
+ logdir=/tmp/
+ nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
+ cd /tmp/
++ ls .log yum.log
+ for log in '`ls *.log`'
+ mv .log .log-20180103
+ for log in '`ls *.log`'
+ mv yum.log yum.log-20180103
++ cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
+ /bin/kill -HUP 1313
注意: -x 选项的作用是显示脚本执行过程。该脚本配合任务计划cron使用,定期进行切割和清理。
静态文件不记录日志和过期时间
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核心配置参数:
配置虚拟主机配置文件: [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/.conf ......
添加下面内容到配置文件中
location ~ ..(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ #匹配文件类型 { expires 7d; #过期时间为7天 access_log off; #不记录该类型文件的访问日志 } location ~ ..(js|css)$ { expires 12h; #过期时间为12小时 access_log off; #不记录该类型文件的访问日志 } access_log /tmp/.log combined_realip; #指定日志位置及格式 ......
检测并重载配置文件: [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
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测试
访问: [root@localhost ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80
[root@localhost ~]# cat /tmp/.log 127.0.0.1 - [04/Jan/2018:23:39:40 +0800] "/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0" #有访问日志
访问 abc。jpg [root@localhost ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 /abc.jpg -I HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.8.0 Date: Thu, 04 Jan 2018 15:41:59 GMT Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 247902 Last-Modified: Thu, 04 Jan 2018 15:41:12 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5a4e4b18-3c85e" Expires: Thu, 11 Jan 2018 15:41:59 GMT Cache-Control: max-age=604800 Accept-Ranges: bytes
max-age=604800s=7天,即该文件缓存的过期时间为7天!
[root@localhost ~]# cat /tmp/.log 127.0.0.1 - [04/Jan/2018:23:39:40 +0800] "/" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
返回值为200,访问成功,但无访问日志。
















