--1、查找员工的编号、姓名、部门和出生日期,如果出生日期为空值,
--显示日期不详,并按部门排序输出,日期格式为yyyy-mm-dd。
select emp_no ,emp_name ,dept ,
isnull(convert(char(10),birthday,120),'日期不详') birthday
from employee
order by dept
select emp_no,emp_name,dept,title
from employee
where emp_name<>'张三' and dept in
(select dept from employee
where emp_name='张三')
select dept,sum(salary)
from employee
group by dept
--显示该商品的编号、销售数量、单价和金额
select a.prod_id,qty,unit_price,unit_price*qty totprice
from sale_item a,product b
where a.prod_id=b.prod_id and prod_name='14寸显示器'
select prod_id,sum(qty) totqty,sum(qty*unit_price) totprice
from sale_item
group by prod_id
select cust_id,sum(tot_amt) totprice
from sales
where convert(char(4),order_date,120)='1996'
group by cust_id
select a.cust_id,cust_name,sum(tot_amt) totprice
from customer a,sales b
where a.cust_id=b.cust_id
group by a.cust_id,cust_name
select a.cust_id,cust_name,sum(tot_amt) totprice
from customer a,sales b
where a.cust_id=b.cust_id and convert(char(4),order_date,120)='1997'
group by a.cust_id,cust_name
select order_no,cust_id,sale_id,tot_amt
from sales
where tot_amt=
(select max(tot_amt)
from sales)
select emp_name,order_date
from employee a,sales b
where emp_no=sale_id and a.emp_no in
(select sale_id
from sales
group by sale_id
having count(*)>=3)
order by emp_name
select cust_name
from customer a
where not exists
(select *
from sales b
where a.cust_id=b.cust_id)
--订货日期不要显示时间,日期格式为yyyy-mm-dd
--按客户编号排序,同一客户再按订单降序排序输出
select a.cust_id,cust_name,convert(char(10),order_date,120),tot_amt
from customer a left outer join sales b on a.cust_id=b.cust_id
order by a.cust_id,tot_amt desc
--性别,销售日期、销售数量和金额,其中性别用男、女表示
select emp_name 姓名, 性别= case a.sex when 'm' then '男'
when 'f' then '女'
else '未'
end,
销售日期= isnull(convert(char(10),c.order_date,120),'日期不详'),
qty 数量, qty*unit_price as 金额
from employee a, sales b, sale_item c,product d
where d.prod_name='16M DRAM' and d.pro_id=c.prod_id and
a.emp_no=b.sale_id and b.order_no=c.order_no
--产品名称、数量、单价、金额和销售日期
select emp_no 编号,emp_name 姓名, 性别= case a.sex when 'm' then '男'
when 'f' then '女'
else '未'
end,
prod_name 产品名称,销售日期= isnull(convert(char(10),c.order_date,120),'日期不详'),
qty 数量, qty*unit_price as 金额
from employee a left outer join sales b on a.emp_no=b.sale_id , sale_item c,product d
where d.pro_id=c.prod_id and b.order_no=c.order_no
select cust_name,d.cust_sum
from customer a,
(select cust_id,cust_sum
from (select cust_id, sum(tot_amt) as cust_sum
from sales
group by cust_id ) b
where b.cust_sum =
( select max(cust_sum)
from (select cust_id, sum(tot_amt) as cust_sum
from sales
group by cust_id ) c )
) d
where a.cust_id=d.cust_id
select emp_no,emp_name,d.sale_sum
from employee a,
(select sale_id,sale_sum
from (select sale_id, sum(tot_amt) as sale_sum
from sales
group by sale_id ) b
where b.sale_sum <1000
) d
where a.emp_no=d.sale_id
select a.cust_id,cust_name,b.prod_id,prod_name,d.qty,d.qty*d.unit_price
from customer a, product b, sales c, sale_item d
where a.cust_id=c.cust_id and d.prod_id=b.prod_id and
c.order_no=d.order_no and a.cust_id in (
select cust_id
from (select cust_id,count(distinct prod_id) prodid
from (select cust_id,prod_id
from sales e,sale_item f
where e.order_no=f.order_no) g
group by cust_id
having count(distinct prod_id)>=3) h )
select a.cust_id,cust_name,d.prod_id,prod_name,qty,qty*unit_price
from customer a, product b, sales c, sale_item d
where a.cust_id=c.cust_id and d.prod_id=b.prod_id and
c.order_no=d.order_no and not exists
(select f.*
from customer x ,sales e, sale_item f
where cust_name='世界技术开发公司' and x.cust_id=e.cust_id and
e.order_no=f.order_no and not exists
( select g.*
from sale_item g, sales h
where g.prod_id = f.prod_id and g.order_no=h.order_no and
h.cust_id=a.cust_id)
)
19、查找表中所有姓刘的职工的工号,部门,薪水
select emp_no,emp_name,dept,salary
from employee
where emp_name like '刘%'
select cust_id
from sales
where tot_amt>20000
select count(*)as 人数
from employee
where salary between 40000 and 60000
select avg(salary) avg_sal,dept
from employee
where addr like '上海市%'
group by dept
update employee
set addr like '北京市'
where addr like '上海市'
select emp_no,emp_name,dept
from employee
where sex='F'and dept in ('业务','会计')
select prod_id ,sum(qty*unit_price)
from sale_item
group by prod_id
order by sum(qty*unit_price) desc
select CUST_ID,cust_name,addr
from customer
where cust_id between 'C0001' AND 'C0004'
select count(distinct prod_id) as '共销售产品数'
from sale_item
update employee
set salary=salary*1.03
where dept='业务'
29、由employee表中查找出薪水最低的员工信息。
select *
from employee
where salary=
(select min(salary )
from employee )
select a.cust_id,b.tot_amt,b.order_date,a.tel_no
from customer a join sales b
on a.cust_id=b.cust_id and cust_name like '客户丙'
select *
from sales
where tot_amt>all
(select tot_amt
from sales
where sale_id='E0013'and order_date='1996/10/15')
order by tot_amt
select avg(unit_price)
from sale_item
where prod_id='P0001'
select sale_id,tot_amt
from sales
where sale_id in
(select sale_id from employee
where sex='F')
select a.emp_no,a.emp_name,a.date_hired
from employee a
join employee b
on (a.emp_no!=b.emp_no and a.date_hired=b.date_hired)
order by a.date_hired
select emp_no,emp_name
from employee
where emp_no in
(select sale_id
from sales
group by sale_id
having sum(tot_amt)<232000)
select avg(salary)
from employee
where sex like 'f'
union
select avg(salary)
from employee
where sex like 'f' and addr like '上海市%'
Select * from employee where salary>(select avg(salary) from employee)
Select sale_id ,sum(tot_amt)
from sales
group by sale_id
having sum(tot_amt)>40000
order by sum(tot_amt) desc
Select order_no,tot_amt
From sales ,employee
Where sale_id=emp_no and sex='M' and tot_amt>2000
Select order_no,tot_amt from sales where tot_amt=(select max(tot_amt) from sales)
Select cust_name,addr from customer a,sales b where a.cust_id=b.cust_id and tot_amt>24000
Select cust_id,sum(tot_amt) from sales
Group by cust_id
Order by sum(tot_amt) desc
Select cust_id,prod_id,sum(qty),sum(qty*unit_price)/sum(qty)
From sales a, sale_item b
Where a.order_no=b.order_no
Group by cust_id,prod_id
Order by cust_id,prod_id
Select order_no from sale_item
Group by order_no
Having count(*)>3
Select distinct order_no
From sale_item a
Where order_no<>'10003'and not exists (
Select * from sale_item b where order_no ='10003' and not exists
(select * from sale_item c where c.order_no=a.order_no and c.prod_id=b.prod_id))
Select sale_id,tot_amt from sales
where tot_amt>all(select tot_amt from sales where sale_id='E0013' and order_date='1996/11/10')
Select *
From employee a
Where not exists
(select * from sales b where a.emp_no=b.sale_id)
Select cust_name,tel_no,order_no,tot_amt
From customer a ,sales b
Where a.cust_id=b.cust_id and addr='上海市'
Select sale_id,month(order_date), sum(tot_amt)
from sales
group by sale_id,month(order_date)
order by sale_id,month(order_date) desc
Select a.prod_id,prod_name,sum(qty),sum(qty*unit_price)
From sale_item a,product b
Where a.prod_id=b.prod_id
Group by a.prod_id,prod_name
Order by a.prod_id
51、查询总订购金额超过’C0002’客户的总订购金额的客户号,客户名及其住址。
Select cust_id, cust_name,addr
From customer
Where cust_id in (select cust_id from sales
Group by cust_id
Having sum(tot_amt)>
(Select sum(tot_amt) from sales where cust_id='C0002'))
select emp_no,emp_name,sum(tot_amt)
from employee a,sales b
where a.emp_no=b.sale_id
group by emp_no,emp_name
having sum(tot_amt)=
(select max(totamt)
from (select sale_id,sum(tot_amt) totamt
from sales
group by sale_id) c)
select a.cust_id, cust_name,c.prod_id,prod_name,qty, unit_price
from customer a,sales b, sale_item c ,product d
where a.cust_id=b.cust_id and b.order_no=c.order_no and c.prod_id=d.prod_id
select dept,avg(salary) from employee group by dept order by avg(salary)
在选择列表中无效,因为该列既不包含在聚合函数中,也不包含在 GROUP BY 子句突然看到这个问题,脑袋一蒙,不知道啥意思,后来想想,试图把select里的选项放到后面,问题自然解决!下面这个就是报“在选择列表中无效,因为该列既不包含在聚合函数中,也不包含在 GROUP BY 子句”问题语句
select shipcountry,sum(shipvia) as totalvia,OrderDate as thefirsttime from orders group by shipcountry下面是通过的,请注意orderdateselect shipcountry,sum(shipvia) as totalvia,OrderDate as thefirsttime from orders group by shipcountry,orderdate相应的从网上看到其他的朋友也有这样的问题比如要显示authors表中的au_fname,au_lname,zip, city,state信息,并且按city分组(相同city的排列在一起)
select au_fname,au_lname,zip, city,state
from authors
group by city
列 'authors.au_fname' 在选择列表中无效,因为该列既不包含在聚合函数中,也不包含在 GROUP BY 子句中。
服务器: 消息 8120,级别 16,状态 1,行 1
列 'authors.au_lname' 在选择列表中无效,因为该列既不包含在聚合函数中,也不包含在 GROUP BY 子句中。
...... 的错误提示。
select au_fname,au_lname,zip, city,state
from authors
group by city,au_lname,au_fname,zip,state
select au_fname,au_lname,zip, city,state
from authors
order by city
即使用order by 子句
可以用如下表达:
select * from authors
where au_id in
(select min(au_id)
from authors
group by city)
其实是分组后取最小ID的
select au_fname,au_lname,zip, city,state
from authors
group by city
列 'authors.au_fname' 在选择列表中无效,因为该列既不包含在聚合函数中,也不包含在 GROUP BY 子句中。
服务器: 消息 8120,级别 16,状态 1,行 1
列 'authors.au_lname' 在选择列表中无效,因为该列既不包含在聚合函数中,也不包含在 GROUP BY 子句中。
...... 的错误提示。
select au_fname,au_lname,zip, city,state
from authors
group by city,au_lname,au_fname,zip,state
select au_fname,au_lname,zip, city,state
from authors
order by city
即使用order by 子句
可以用如下表达:
select * from authors
where au_id in
(select min(au_id)
from authors
group by city)
其实是分组后取最小ID的行
SQL2000中默认sa帐号改名和删除的最安全方法收藏
新一篇: asp.net 2.0可输入的Dropdownlist控件
众所周知,在M$sql中有个绝对是网络安全中的隐患的帐号sa,系统管理员 (sa),默认情况下,它指派给固定服务器角色 sysadmin,并不能进行更改。这个sa一般情况下是既不可以更改名称,也不可以删除,呵呵,有点鸡肋的味道,弃置可惜,食之无味。在偶装上sql2000之后,感觉总之怪怪的,放着这个后门在,始终都不放心,担心有一天被人破出密码,那偶的电脑不就完拉,偶在黑道混拉那么多天,要是传出去,有损颜面啊。可能你回说设个强壮点的密码,这个办法是可行,可不是长久之记,所谓斩草要除根,要是把sa给删拉就不用担心那些"黑客"暴力破解拉。
呵呵,前面说拉那么半天废话,可能你已经看的不耐烦拉,好,这就说道正题,大家跟着我来一起把sa给大卸八块首先打开SQL中的企业管理器,接着在工具选项卡中选择SQL server配置属性依次,点服务器设置,看到允许对系统目录直接进行修改前面的方框吗,点一下,好。
再打开查询分析器,登陆进去(呵呵,随便你用什么帐号进去,不过可一定要在master数据库中有db_owner的权限)输入
update sysxlogins set sid=0xE765555BD44F054F89CD0076A06EA823 where name=’你要改成的名字’
后记
它的语法:
sp_configure [ [ @configname = ] ’name’ ]
[ , [ @configvalue = ] ’value’ ]
sp_configure ’allow updates’, 1
go
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
go
好拉,这样我们就可以更新系统表拉,接下来和前面的做法一样拉 update sysxlogins set name=’你要改成的名字’ where sid=0x01,然后再删除"你改名后的那个名字"
不过要注意在 sp_configure 上没有参数(或只有第一个参数)的执行许可权限默认授予所有用户。有两个参数的 sp_configure(用于更改配置选项)的执行许可权限默认授予 sysadmin 和 serveradmin 固定服务器角色。RECONFIGURE 权限默认授予 sysadmin 固定服务器角色和 serveradmin 固定服务器角色,并且不能传输。还得在master中是db_owner。SQL2000中默认sa帐号改名和删除的最安全方法
IN 关键字使您得以选择与列表中的任意一个值匹配的行。
当要获得居住在 California、Indiana 或 Maryland 州的所有作者的姓名和州的列表时,就需要下列查询:
SELECT ProductID, ProductName FROM Northwind.dbo.Products WHERE CategoryID = 1 OR CategoryID = 4 OR CategoryID = 5
然而,如果使用 IN,少键入一些字符也可以得到同样的结果:
SELECT ProductID, ProductName FROM Northwind.dbo.Products WHERE CategoryID IN (1, 4, 5)
IN 关键字之后的项目必须用逗号隔开,并且括在括号中。
下列查询在 titleauthor 表中查找在任一种书中得到的版税少于 50% 的所有作者的 au_id,然后从 authors 表中选择 au_id 与
SELECT au_lname, au_fname FROM authors WHERE au_id IN (SELECT au_id FROM titleauthor WHERE royaltyper < 50)
结果显示有一些作者属于少于 50% 的一类。
以下查询查找没有出版过商业书籍的出版商的名称。
SELECT pub_name FROM publishers WHERE pub_id NOT IN (SELECT pub_id FROM titles WHERE type = 'business')
使用 EXISTS 和 NOT EXISTS 引入的子查询可用于两种集合原理的操作:交集与差集。两个集合的交集包含同时属于两个原集合的所有元素。
本示例所示查询查找由位于以字母 B 开头的城市中的任一出版商出版的书名:
SELECT DISTINCT pub_name FROM publishers WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM titles WHERE pub_id = publishers.pub_id AND type =
SELECT distinct pub_name FROM publishers WHERE pub_id IN (SELECT pub_id FROM titles WHERE type = 'business')
两者的区别:
EXISTS:后面可以是整句的查询语句如:SELECT * FROM titles
IN:后面只能是对单列:SELECT pub_id FROM titles
例如,要查找不出版商业书籍的出版商的名称:
SELECT pub_name FROM publishers WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM titles WHERE pub_id = publishers.pub_id AND type =
下面的查询查找已经不销售的书的名称:
SELECT title FROM titles WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT title_id FROM sales WHERE title_id = titles.title_id)
FROM tab_oa_pub WHERE is_check=1 and
category_id in (select id from tab_oa_pub_cate where no='1')
order by begintime desc
SELECT id, category_id, htmlfile, title, convert(varchar(20),begintime,112) as pubtime
FROM tab_oa_pub WHERE is_check=1 and
exists (select id from tab_oa_pub_cate where tab_oa_pub.category_id=convert(int,no) and no='1')
order by begintime desc
select * from t1 where x in ( select y from t2 )
事实上可以理解为:
select *
from t1, ( select distinct y from t2 ) t2
where t1.x = t2.y;
——如果你有一定的SQL优化经验,从这句很自然的可以想到t2绝对不能是个大表,因为需要对t2进行全表的“唯一排序”,如果t2很大这个排序的性能是不可忍受的。但是t1可以很大,为什么呢?最通俗的理解就是因为t1.x=t2.y可以走索引。但这并不是一个很好的解释。试想,如果t1.x和t2.y都有索引,我们知道索引是种有序的结构,因此t1和t2之间最佳的方案是走merge join。另外,如果t2.y上有索引,对t2的排序性能也有很大提高。
select * from t1 where exists ( select null from t2 where y = x )
可以理解为:
for x in ( select * from t1 )
loop
if ( exists ( select null from t2 where y = x.x )
then
OUTPUT THE RECORD!
end if
end loop
——这个更容易理解,t1永远是个表扫描!因此t1绝对不能是个大表,而t2可以很大,因为y=x.x可以走t2.y的索引。
综合以上对IN/EXISTS的讨论,我们可以得出一个基本通用的结论:IN适合于外表大而内表小的情况;EXISTS适合于外表小而内表大的情况。
SQL中IN,NOT IN,EXISTS,NOT EXISTS的用法和差别收藏
新一篇: Vss2005使用文档
SQL中IN,NOT IN,EXISTS,NOT EXISTS的用法和差别:
IN:确定给定的值是否与子查询或列表中的值相匹配。
IN 关键字使您得以选择与列表中的任意一个值匹配的行。
当要获得居住在 California、Indiana 或 Maryland 州的所有作者的姓名和州的列表时,就需要下列查询:
SELECT ProductID, ProductName FROM Northwind.dbo.Products WHERE CategoryID = 1 OR CategoryID = 4 OR CategoryID = 5
然而,如果使用 IN,少键入一些字符也可以得到同样的结果:
SELECT ProductID, ProductName FROM Northwind.dbo.Products WHERE CategoryID IN (1, 4, 5)
IN 关键字之后的项目必须用逗号隔开,并且括在括号中。
下列查询在 titleauthor 表中查找在任一种书中得到的版税少于 50% 的所有作者的 au_id,然后从 authors 表中选择 au_id 与
titleauthor 查询结果匹配的所有作者的姓名:
SELECT au_lname, au_fname FROM authors WHERE au_id IN (SELECT au_id FROM titleauthor WHERE royaltyper <50)
结果显示有一些作者属于少于 50% 的一类。
NOT IN:通过 NOT IN 关键字引入的子查询也返回一列零值或更多值。
以下查询查找没有出版过商业书籍的出版商的名称。
SELECT pub_name FROM publishers WHERE pub_id NOT IN (SELECT pub_id FROM titles WHERE type = 'business')
使用 EXISTS 和 NOT EXISTS 引入的子查询可用于两种集合原理的操作:交集与差集。两个集合的交集包含同时属于两个原集合的所有元素。
差集包含只属于两个集合中的第一个集合的元素。
EXISTS:指定一个子查询,检测行的存在。
本示例所示查询查找由位于以字母 B 开头的城市中的任一出版商出版的书名:
SELECT DISTINCT pub_name FROM publishers WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM titles WHERE pub_id = publishers.pub_id AND type =
'business')
SELECT distinct pub_name FROM publishers WHERE pub_id IN (SELECT pub_id FROM titles WHERE type = 'business')
两者的区别:
EXISTS:后面可以是整句的查询语句如:SELECT * FROM titles
IN:后面只能是对单列:SELECT pub_id FROM titles
NOT EXISTS:
例如,要查找不出版商业书籍的出版商的名称:
SELECT pub_name FROM publishers WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM titles WHERE pub_id = publishers.pub_id AND type =
'business')
下面的查询查找已经不销售的书的名称:
SELECT title FROM titles WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT title_id FROM sales WHERE title_id = titles.title_id)
====统计函数====
AVG-- 求平均值
COUNT==统计数日(总数)
MAX==求最大值
MIN==求最小值
SUM==求和
A: UNION 运算符
UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表(例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2)并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION 一起使用时(即 UNION ALL),不消除重复行。两种情况下,派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。
B: EXCEPT 运算符
EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL),不消除重复行。
C: INTERSECT 运算符
INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1 和 TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL),不消除重复行。
注:使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。
12、说明:使用外连接
A、left outer join:
左外连接(左连接):结果集几包括连接表的匹配行,也包括左连接表的所有行。
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
B:right outer join:
右外连接(右连接):结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行,也包括右连接表的所有行。
C:full outer join:
全外连接:不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行,还包括两个连接表中的所有记录。
1、说明:复制表(只复制结构,源表名:a 新表名:b) (Access可用)
法一:select * into b from a where 1<>1
法二:select top 0 * into b from a
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件
例子:..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"data.mdb" &"' where..
select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)
select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;
select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2
select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)
delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )
select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5
select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段
select top 10 * form table1 where 范围
select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)
(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()
select newid()
Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)
select name from sysobjects where type='U'
select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')
select type,sum(case vender