Python中的容器：列表（list）、字典（dictionaries）、集合（sets）、元组（tuple）
列表List：
列表就是python中的数组，但是列表长度可变，且能包含不同类型元素
切片Slicing：为了一次性获取列表中的元素
循环Loops：
1、普通循环
2、如果想要在循环体内访问每个元素的指针，使用内置的enumerate函数
列表推导List comprehensions：
注：
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__delslice__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__setslice__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
#---------------list------------------------
list = [2,4,5,6,7]
print list[2:] #slicing [5, 6, 7]
print list[:-1] #to the last-1
list.append('pig')
for name in list: #loop1
print name # 2,4,5,6,7
list.pop() #remove the last
for idx,name in enumerate(list): #loop2 eumerate()
print "%d : %s" %(idx+1,name)
print list[-1] #count from end 7
#list comprehensions
squares1 = [x**2 for x in list]
squares2 = [x**2 for x in list if x%2==0] #conditions
print squares1," ",squares2
字典Dictionaries：
字典用来存储（键，值）对，和java中的Map差不多
循环loops：
1、在字典中，用键来迭代更加容易
2、如果要访问键和对应的值，使用iteritems方法
字典推导Dictionary comprehensions：
注：
['__class__', '__cmp__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'clear', 'copy', 'fromkeys', 'get', 'has_key', 'items', 'iteritems', 'iterkeys', 'itervalues', 'keys', 'pop', 'popitem', 'setdefault', 'update', 'values', 'viewitems', 'viewkeys', 'viewvalues']
#------------------------dictionary----------------
dic = {'cat':4,'people':2,'dog':4}
print dic['cat'] #4
print 'people' in dic #true
print dic.get('monkey','N/A') #get element monkey with default N/A
del dic['dog'] #remove
for key in dic: #get from key
print dic[key] #4,2,4
for key,value in dic.iteritems(): #itreitems
print key,value
#comprehensions
to_square = {x: x**2 for x in dic.values()}
print to_square
集合Sets：
集合是独立不同个体的无序集合
循环loops：
集合推导Set comprehensions：
：
['__and__', '__class__', '__cmp__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iand__', '__init__', '__ior__', '__isub__', '__iter__', '__ixor__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__or__', '__rand__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__ror__', '__rsub__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__xor__', 'add', 'clear', 'copy', 'difference', 'difference_update', 'discard', 'intersection', 'intersection_update', 'isdisjoint', 'issubset', 'issuperset', 'pop', 'remove', 'symmetric_difference', 'symmetric_difference_update', 'union', 'update']
#------------------------sets---------------------
aniamls = {'cat','dog','pig'}
print 'cat' in aniamls #true
aniamls.add('fish')
print len(aniamls)
aniamls.remove('dog') #remove
#loop1
for idx,aniaml in enumerate(aniamls): #cannt use animals{can consider the order}
print idx,aniaml
nums = { x for x in enumerate(aniamls)} #comprehension
print nums
元组Tuples：
元组是一个值的有序列表（不可改变），但是元组可以再字典中用作键，还可以作为集合的元素
注：
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'count', 'index']
#---------------------------tuples---------------------
d = {(x,x+1):x for x in range(10)} #use dic create tuples keys
print d
print type(d) #dic
tuple =(5,6)
print type(tuple)#tuple
print d[tuple],d[(2,3)]
