1、安装环境:

Linux企业版5.4,内存不小于1G,硬盘大于8G,在本环境中linux的地址192.168.1.80。oracle版本:10g
安装步骤:
 
2、修改hosts文件:
[root@Eleven ~]# hostname
Eleven.localdomain
[root@Eleven ~]# vim /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               Eleven.localdomain localhost.localdomain localhost
::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.1.80    Eleven.localdomain
 
3、以root登录,挂载linux iso文件:
[root@Eleven ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@Eleven ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/
 
4、检查所需的软件包是否安装,如果还没安装,则需安装:
sudo-1.6.9p17-5.el5.i386.rpm
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-12.el5.i386.rpm
compat-db-4.2.52-5.1.i386.rpm
compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138.i386.rpm
control-center-2.16.0-16.el5.i386.rpm
gcc-4.1.2-46.el5.i386.rpm
gcc-c++-4.1.2-46.el5.i386.rpm
glibc-2.5-42.i386.rpm
glibc-common-2.5-42.i386.rpm
libstdc++-4.1.2-46.el5.i386.rpm
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-46.el5.i386.rpm
make-3.81-3.el5.i386.rpm
pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5.i386.rpm
sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5.i386.rpm
setarch-2.0-1.1.i386.rpm
libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm(此软件包如不安装下面一步将无法进行)
以上软件包都在系统光盘的Server的仓库里,因在此使用的是linux5.4光盘,不同的光盘镜像这些软件包的版本可能不相同。
 
5、创建所需的用户和组:
[root@Eleven Server]# groupadd dba
[root@Eleven Server]# groupadd oinstall
[root@Eleven Server]# groupadd oper
[root@Eleven Server]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
给用户oracle设置密码,这里将密码设为oracle:
[root@Eleven Server]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new UNIX password:
 
6
[root@Eleven Server]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
加入下面的内容:
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
 
7
[root@Eleven Server]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
添加下面的内容:
oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile 1024
oracle              hard    nofile 65536
 
8
[root@Eleven Server]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
添加下面的内容:
session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session    required     pam_limits.so
 
9
[root@Eleven Server]# vim /etc/profile
添加下面的内容:
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
              ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
        else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi
 
10、创建相应的文件并修改其权限值:
[root@Eleven Server]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[root@Eleven Server]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[root@Eleven Server]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/
[root@Eleven Server]# mkdir /u01/flash_recovery_area
[root@Eleven Server]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/flash_recovery_area/
[root@Eleven Server]# chmod 775 /u01/flash_recovery_area/
 
11、切换至oracle用户:
[root@Eleven Server]# su - oracle
[oracle@Eleven ~]$ vim .bash_profile
添加下面的内容:
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0
export ORACLE_SID=eleven    # ORACLE_SID是自己命名的,建议用小写,且不超过8个字
 
12
[oracle@Eleven ~]$ . .bash_profile
[oracle@Eleven ~]$ env | grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=eleven
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0
 
13、测试图形界面(此步骤需到VM中的图形界面中去操作):
切换至oracle用户下:
执行xclock
如出现如下错误:

linux下安装oracle 10g_linux 

则需在管理员下执行xhost local:oracle

然后再在oracle用户下执行:xclock:

linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_02

14、将oracle的安装光盘挂载到linux系统中:

[oracle@Eleven ~]$ exit
[root@Eleven Server]# cd
[root@Eleven ~]# umount /mnt/cdrom/
[root@Eleven ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/
[root@Eleven ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@Eleven ~]$ ll /mnt/cdrom/
total 2
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root 2048 Jul 2 2005 database
 
15、安装
[oracle@Eleven ~]$ cd /
[oracle@Eleven /]$ /mnt/cdrom/database/runInstalle

linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_03

 linux下安装oracle 10g_linux_04

 linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_05

linux下安装oracle 10g_linux_06

 linux下安装oracle 10g_linux_07

 linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_08

 linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_09

下面看到安装的进度界面:

linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_10

 linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_11

 linux下安装oracle 10g_linux_12

 linux下安装oracle 10g_linux_13

 16、创建监听器

先配置.bash_profile
[oracle@Eleven /]$ cd                              
[oracle@Eleven ~]$ vim .bash_profile
添加下面的内容:
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
 
[oracle@Eleven ~]$ . .bash_profile
[oracle@Eleven ~]$ lsnrctl status
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-MAR-2012 03:34:40
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
 
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
 TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
 
[oracle@Eleven ~]$ netca

linux下安装oracle 10g_linux_14

 下面直接单击next即可,

linux下安装oracle 10g_linux_15

 下面还是直接选择next即可,直到结束。

 
再次查看状态:
[oracle@Eleven ~]$ lsnrctl status
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-MAR-2012 03:49:20
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
 
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=Eleven.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                16-MAR-2012 03:42:25
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 6 min. 54 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=Eleven.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
 Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
 
17、建库
[oracle@Eleven ~]$ dbca
出现图形界面直接选择next

linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_16

linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_17

linux下安装oracle 10g_linux_18

linux下安装oracle 10g_linux_19

linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_20

显示安装库的进度:linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_21

linux下安装oracle 10g_linux_22

linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_23

 安装好后测试:

[oracle@Eleven ~]$ sqlplus
 
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Mar 16 04:11:13 2012
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
 
Enter user-name: sys as sysdba
Enter password:
 
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
 
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
 
     EMPNO ENAME      JOB          MGR HIREDATE       SAL       COMM
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
    DEPTNO
----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK       7902 17-DEC-80     800
   20
 
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN       7698 20-FEB-81    1600        300
   30
 
      7521 WARD       SALESMAN       7698 22-FEB-81    1250        500
   30
 
 
     EMPNO ENAME      JOB          MGR HIREDATE       SAL       COMM
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
    DEPTNO
----------
      7566 JONES      MANAGER       7839 02-APR-81    2975
   20
 
      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN       7698 28-SEP-81    1250       1400
   30
 
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER       7839 01-MAY-81    2850
   30
 
 
     EMPNO ENAME      JOB          MGR HIREDATE       SAL       COMM
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
    DEPTNO
----------
      7782 CLARK      MANAGER       7839 09-JUN-81    2450
   10
 
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST       7566 19-APR-87    3000
   20
 
      7839 KING       PRESIDENT     17-NOV-81    5000
   10
 
 
     EMPNO ENAME      JOB          MGR HIREDATE       SAL       COMM
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
    DEPTNO
----------
      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN       7698 08-SEP-81    1500  0
   30
 
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK       7788 23-MAY-87    1100
   20
 
      7900 JAMES      CLERK       7698 03-DEC-81     950
   30
 
 
     EMPNO ENAME      JOB          MGR HIREDATE       SAL       COMM
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
    DEPTNO
----------
      7902 FORD       ANALYST       7566 03-DEC-81    3000
   20
 
      7934 MILLER     CLERK       7782 23-JAN-82    1300
   10
 
 
14 rows selected.
 
可知oracle已成功安装在linux上了;
 
也可以通过浏览器访问管理:
在浏览器中输入:http://192.168.1.80:1158/em

linux下安装oracle 10g_linux_24 

 输入用户名sys和密码,连接身份选择SYSDBA

 linux下安装oracle 10g_oracle_25

 

 (注意在显示此界面之前需先授权,方法单价浏览器的右下角的授权按钮)

 
至此oracle已成功安装在linux上了;
 
补充:
Oracle 10g的g是"Grid"缩写,支持网格计算,即,多台结点服务器利用高速网络组成一个虚拟的高性能服务器,负载在整个网格中均衡(Load Balance),按需增删结点,避免单点故障(Single Point of Faliure)。