Linux下安装ORACLE

 

安装前准备工作

 

配置安装环境

    1.
安装补丁包
      
关于确认补丁包的是否已安装,可以使用下述方式来查看
       rpm -q gcc make binutils openmotif setarch compat-db compat-gcc /
       compat-gcc-c compat-libstdc compat-libstdc -devel

关于rpm工具的使用,请参照:RPM使用简介 
      
我提供的下载地址中 RHEL 5.4 ISO 文件,我们可以将其挂载到某一个目录来安装补丁。
      
使用 root 帐户创建一个挂载目录
       
mkdir /mnt/cdrom
       mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
 

      
安装以下所需的包
       cd /mnt/cdrom/Server
       rpm -Uvh setarch-2*
       rpm -Uvh make-3*
       rpm -Uvh glibc-2*
       rpm -Uvh libaio-0*
       rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3*
       rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-3*
       rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-c++-3*
       rpm -Uvh gcc-4*
       rpm -Uvh libXp-1*
       rpm -Uvh openmotif-2*
       rpm -Uvh compat-db-4*

    2.
主机及网络设置
      
如果将该机作为服务器,建议使用固定的 IP ,测试环境可以使用动态 IP 
       
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 

      
以下内容使用动态 IP ,则不需要更改
       # Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]
       DEVICE=eth0
       BOOTPROTO=dhcp
       HWADDR=00:0C:29:59:52:BB
       ONBOOT=yes
       
以下是内容是动态IP

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

ONBOOT=yes

BOOTPROTO=static

IPADDR=10.10.10.1

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=10.10.10.1

使IP地址生效:

/sbin/ifdown eth0

/sbin/ifup eth0


      
 vim /etc/hosts 
       
       # Do not remove the following line, or various programs
       # that require network functionality will fail.
       127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost
       ::1                       localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
    10.10.10.1               localhost.localdomain localhost
    3.
设置内核参数
      
sysctl.conf 文件末尾添加如下行
       
vim /etc/sysctl.conf 
       
       kernel.shmall = 2097152
       kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
       kernel.shmmni = 4096
       # semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
       kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
       fs.file-max = 65536
       net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
       net.core.rmem_default=262144
       net.core.rmem_max=262144
       net.core.wmem_default=262144
       net.core.wmem_max=262144

      
运行下面的命令使设置生效: /sbin/sysctl –p 

      
limit.conf 文件末尾添加如下行
       
vim /etc/security/limits.conf 
       
       * soft nproc 2047
       * hard nproc 16384
       * soft nofile 1024
       * hard nofile 65536

      
login 文件末尾添加如下行
       
vim /etc/pam.d/login 
        
       session    required     pam_limits.so
       
      
修改 config 文件,使得 SELINUX =disabled
       
vim /etc/selinux/config 
       
       SELINUX =disabled

    4.
创建帐户及安装目录
       groupadd oinstall
       groupadd dba
       groupadd oper
       useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
       passwd oracle
       id oracle

      
创建成功后如下 :
       
[root@localhost ~]# id oracle 
       uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba)
      
 mkdir -p /oracle/
       chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
       chmod -R 775 /oracle
 

    5.
oracle 帐户创建环境变量
     
  su – oracle
       vim ~/.bash_profile
 
       
       export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle;
       export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10g
       export ORACLE_SID=orcl
       PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
       export PATH
       export LANG=en

修改完之后用“source .bash_profile”使其生效。

 


 
    6.
修改 linux 的版本号(因该版本为 5.4 ,为避免检查无法通过,修改版本号)
       
[root@robinson ~]# cat /etc/issue 
       
       Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)
       Kernel /r on an /m
      
使用 vim 修改版本号
       
vim /etc/issue  
   
    vi /etc/redhat-release


      
 [root@robinson ~]# cat /etc/issue 
       Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4.4 (Tikanga)
       Kernel /r on an /m

     7.
执行完上述步骤后建议重新启动 Linux
     
     8.
使用 root 执行 hostx +
     
  [root@robinson ~]# xhost + 
       access control disabled,clients can connect from any host

开始安装

 

 

 

1.把安装包复制到/opt目录下,然后解压。

 

gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz

 

cpio -idmv <10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio

 

cd  /root/database

./runInstaller

执行安装

      
安装结束前执行两个脚本:

 

 

[root@robinson ~]# /oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 
       
       Changing permissions of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to 770.
       Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
       The execution of the script is complete
       
      
 [root@robinson ~]# /oracle/10g/root.sh 
       Running Oracle10 root.sh script...
       The following environment variables are set as:
           ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
           ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/10g
       Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
          Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
          Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
          Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
       Creating /etc/oratab file...
       Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
       Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
       Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
       Now product-specific root actions will be performed.