字符串数组元素赋值:@tmp=qw(aaa bbb kkk 9000);相当于@tmp= (“aaa”, “bbb”,“kkk”,“9000);


    字符串比较,绝不能用==  ,要用eq
[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl
print"input:";
while(chomp($input=<>)) {
print"your input is $input \n";
if ($input=="q") { print "choose q \n";last;}
  elsif ($input=='n') {print "input is $input \n";next;}
      else { print "input ok,try again\n";}
print "input:";
  }
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
input:x
your input is x
choose q


    字符串用==是最常犯的错误


    即使是×××,也尽量用eq,少用==
while(chomp($input=<STDIN>))
 {
 for($i=1,$found=0;$i<=$int_num;$i++)
  {
   if ($input==$i) { $found=1;}
         else
Do you want to change eth0:2 's ip address ? 回车

Argument "" isn't numeric in numeric eq (==) at ./address.pl line 77, <STDIN> line 2.
×××变量$input==$i,如果$input是回车,并不走else,而是报错

   正确的做法是:    不论×××字符串,都用eq
while(chomp($input=<STDIN>))
 {
 for($i=1,$found=0;$i<=$int_num;$i++)
  {
   if ($input eq $i) { $found=1;}
  }
which interface you want to config ? choice a number 1 2 3 4 q:1
Do you want to change eth0 's ip address ?


    字符串几种连接运算符
    ,运算符常用于输出
print "純金 ", $v1;
print $str, "\n\n";

    .运算符     和,类似 也是字符串相加  但,通常只用于print 而.可以用在任何字符串相加的地方
print '12345 大家來跳舞' . " hello world";
結果變成:
12345 大家來跳舞 hello world

   x运算符号
print "OK" x 4;
結果變成:
OKOKOKOK


    为什么字符串相加只能用.  不能用+
因为可能+就是真加(数字相加),而不是字符串合并
$v1 = 99;
$v2 = '121';

print $v1 + $v2;
$v1 = 99;
$v2 = '121';

print $v2 . $v1;
220
12199

 
    字符串的连接可以连接×××和字符形,×××也被当作字符型处理,没有printf里的%d问题
$min=1;

$date="date "."0".$min;
print $date,"\n";
 
[root@ntracker mac]# ./tip.pl
date 01


   uc   轉成大寫, lc轉成小寫
$str="abCD99e";
$str = uc($str);
$str="abCD99e";
$str = lc($str);
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
ABCD99E    
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
abcd99e

      
     length取串长(字符数量)
#!/usr/bin/perl
$str="abCD99e";
$strlen=length($str);
print $strlen,"\n";
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
7

  
   substr  串,位置,长度      -------  取子串,注意从0开始数位置
#!/usr/bin/perl
$str = "ABCDEFG1234567";
$a = substr $str, 0, 5;
print $a,"\n";
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
ABCDE  

$a = substr $str, -4, 2; 
                从倒数第4个开始,取两个字符
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
45


  index         在字串中找尋某一子字串的起始位置
#!/usr/bin/perl
$str = "ABCDEFG1234567";
$a = "12";             
$pos=index($str,$a);
print $pos,"\n";
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
7

  
    @数组=split (pattern,串)          将字符串用某模式分成多个单词
#!/usr/bin/perl
$str = "ABCDEi FG12i 345 6 7";
@array=split(/ /,$str);按空格分
foreach (@array) {
     print $_,"\n";
  
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
ABCDEi
FG12i
345
6
7

@array = split (/ +/, $line);    当一行中各单词间的空格多于一个时


   空格和TAB混杂情况下的 split
[macg@localhost perltest]$ vi tip.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl
$str = "ABCDEi FG12i     345 6 7";
@array=split(/\t /,$str);
foreach (@array) {
     print $_,"\n";
}
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
ABCDEi FG12i
345 6 7
只分了两份,为什么?
因为同时满足TAB和空格的只有一处
所以必须加[ ]
@array=split(/[\t ]/,$str);     现在才是真正的按空格和TAB分
[macg@localhost perltest]$ ./tip.pl
ABCDEi
FG12i

345
6
7
但还是有缺陷,TAB和空格相连时,TAB被认为是空格划分的子串,或者空格被认为是TAB划分的子串


   用join定义字符串数组格式符号(缺省是,)  必须与qw( )合用
语法:join($string,@array)
@array=qw(one two three);
$total="one,two,three";
@array=qw(one two three);
$total=join("",@array); 
$total="onetwothree";

    数组内grep
@array=("one","on","in");
$count =grep(/on/,@array);
查询结果赋值给单变量
@array=("one","on","in");
@result=grep(/on/,@array);
查询结果赋值给数组
2
one
on