生产环境，目前有分区表，存在所有数据落于单个分区的情况。
new   1: SELECT SEGMENT_NAME,SEGMENT_TYPE,partition_name,max_size,BYTES/1024/1024/1024 gb  FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE segment_name='T_QRS_TRANDATA' order by 3

SEGMENT_NAME                   SEGMENT_TYPE       PARTITION_NAME                   MAX_SIZE         GB
------------------------------ ------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
T_QRS_TRANDATA                 TABLE PARTITION    P20250124                     2147483645 202.164063
T_QRS_TRANDATA                 TABLE PARTITION    PMAX                          2147483645   .0078125


想将该分区数据全部split出来。然后进行了相关的一些测试。
在split的过程中进行了
SQL>update T_QRS_TRANDATA set IN_MNO= IN_MNO || '1' where TRAN_DT='20240603' and  rownum<=100;
SQL> /

SID    SERIAL CALL     EVENT                          USERNAME        SQL_ID        CLIENT_INFO                                                      BK     PROGRAM
------ ------ -------- ------------------------------ --------------- ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------ ----------------------------------------
6651   583    4        enq: IV -  contention          SYS             34dsmdsb6kpgd                                                                         sqlplus@hfdb1 (TNS V1-V3)
4466   6239   2        enq: TM - contention           QRS             0ty3gjytnvj87 172.16.121.200                                                   6651   plsqldev.exe

SQL> /

SID    SERIAL CALL     EVENT                          USERNAME        SQL_ID        CLIENT_INFO                                                      BK     PROGRAM
------ ------ -------- ------------------------------ --------------- ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------ ----------------------------------------
6651   583    5        enq: IV -  contention          SYS             34dsmdsb6kpgd                                                                         sqlplus@hfdb1 (TNS V1-V3)
4466   6239   3        enq: TM - contention           QRS             0ty3gjytnvj87 172.16.121.200                                                   6651   plsqldev.exe

SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('&sql_id',null,'allstats last'));
Enter value for sql_id: 0ty3gjytnvj87
old   1: select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('&sql_id',null,'allstats last'))
new   1: select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('0ty3gjytnvj87',null,'allstats last'))

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID  0ty3gjytnvj87, child number 0
-------------------------------------
 update qrs.T_QRS_TRANDATA set IN_MNO= IN_MNO || '1' where
TRAN_DT='20240603' and  rownum<=100

Plan hash value: 99719499

---------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                | Name              | E-Rows |
---------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | UPDATE STATEMENT         |                   |        |
|   1 |  UPDATE                  | T_QRS_TRANDATA    |        |
|*  2 |   COUNT STOPKEY          |                   |        |
|   3 |    PARTITION RANGE SINGLE|                   |      1 |
|*  4 |     INDEX RANGE SCAN     | IDX5_QRS_TRANDATA |      1 |
---------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - filter(ROWNUM<=100)
   4 - access("TRAN_DT"='20240603')

Note
-----
   - Warning: basic plan statistics not available. These are only collected when:
       * hint 'gather_plan_statistics' is used for the statement or
       * parameter 'statistics_level' is set to 'ALL', at session or system level


29 rows selected.

我们可以观察到，如果split的过程中，对该表进行update操作，是会有TM锁的。
同时如果split是一个完全的空分区。比如当前这个分区表的数据是只到20240601日。那么spfile成一个20240818的日分区中，
那么该分区表的索引不会失效。

split 20250124 分区 到P20240818分区
alter table QRS.T_QRS_TRANDATA split partition P20250124 at ('20240818') into (partition P20240818 tablespace QRS_DATA, partition P20250124 ) parallel 32;
操作后查看表和索引状态
select  distinct  status from dba_indexes;
select  distinct  status from dba_ind_partitions;
select status,table_name from dba_indexes where status='UNUSABLE';
select status,index_owner,index_name,partition_name from dba_ind_partitions where status='UNUSABLE';

实际测试中200G的单个分区，split到一个空分区，1-2秒就完成。