简单String类功能实现
一般是要求实现构造函数、拷贝构造函数、赋值函数、析构函数这几个非常重要的部分。因为String里涉及动态内存的管理,默认的拷贝构造函数在运行时只会进行浅复制,即只复制内存区域的指针,会造成两个对象指向同一块内存区域的现象。如果一个对象销毁或改变了该内存区域,会造成另一个对象运行或者逻辑上出错。这时就要求程序员自己实现这些函数进行深复制,即不止复制指针,需要连同内存的内容一起复制。
具体代码如下:
/******************
Author : 杨永利
data : 2020-06-28
*******************/
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class String
{
public:
String(const char *str = NULL); //通用构造函数
String(const String &str); //拷贝构造函数(深赋值)
~String(); //析构函数
String operator+(const String &str) const; //重载+
String& operator=(const String &str); //重载=
String& operator+=(const String &str); //重载+=
bool operator==(const String &str) const; //重载==
char& operator[](int n) const{assert(n <= length - 1); return data[n]; } //重载[](内联函数)
size_t size() const{ return length; } //长度接口(内联函数)
const char* c_str() const{ return data; } //数据接口(内联函数)
friend istream& operator>>(istream &is, String &str);//输入
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, String &str);//输出
private:
char *data; //字符串
size_t length; //长度
};
String::String(const char *str)
{
if(str == NULL)
{
length = 0;
data = new char[1];
*data = '\0';
}else{
length = strlen(str);
data = new char[length + 1];
strcpy(data, str);
}
}
String::String(const String &str)
{
length = str.size();
data = new char[length + 1];
strcpy(data, str.c_str());
}
String::~String()
{
delete []data;
length = 0;
}
String String::operator+(const String &str) const
{
String newString;
newString.length = length + str.size();
newString.data = new char[newString.length + 1];
strcpy(newString.data, data);
strcat(newString.data, str.data);
return newString;
}
String& String::operator=(const String &str)
{
if(this == &str)
{
return *this;
}
delete []data;
length = str.size();
data = new char[length + 1];
strcpy(data, str.c_str());
return *this;
}
String& String::operator+=(const String &str)
{
if(str.size() == 0)
{
return *this;
}
length += str.size();
char *t_data = new char[length + 2];
strcpy(t_data, data);
strcat(t_data, str.c_str());
delete []data;
data = t_data;
return *this;
}
bool String::operator==(const String &str) const
{
if(length == str.size() && !strcmp(data, str.c_str()))
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
istream& operator >>(istream &is, String &str)
{
char temp[1024];
is >> temp;
str.length = strlen(temp);
str.data = new char[str.length + 1];
strcpy(str.data, temp);
return is;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, String &str)
{
os << str.data;
return os;
}
int main()
{
String s;
cin >> s;
cout << s << ": " << s.size() << endl;
char a[] = "Hello", b[] = "World!";
String s1(a), s2(b);
cout << s1 << " + " << s2 << " = " << s1 + s2 << endl;
String s3 = s1 + s2;
if (s1 == s3) cout << "First: s1 == s3" << endl;
s1 += s2;
if (true == (s1 == s3)) cout << "Second: s1 == s3" << endl;
cout<<s1[3]<<endl;
return 0;
}
运行结果如下: