这段时间用到了QT的TCP通信,做了初步的学习与尝试,编写了一个客户端和服务器基于窗口通信的小例程。
使用QT的网络套接字需要.pro文件中加入一句:
QT += network
一、客户端
1、客户端的代码比服务器稍简单,总的来说,使用QT中的QTcpSocket类与服务器进行通信只需要以下5步:
(1)创建QTcpSocket套接字对象
socket = new QTcpSocket();
(2)使用这个对象连接服务器
socket->connectToHost(IP, port);
(3)使用write函数向服务器发送数据
socket->write(data);
(4)当socket接收缓冲区有新数据到来时,会发出readRead()信号,因此为该信号添加槽函数以读取数据
QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::socket_Read_Data);
void MainWindow::socket_Read_Data()
{
QByteArray buffer;
//读取缓冲区数据
buffer = socket->readAll();
}
(5)断开与服务器的连接(关于close()和disconnectFromHost()的区别,可以按F1看帮助)
socket->disconnectFromHost();
2、以下是客户端的例程
首先是mainwindow.h文件:
//mainwindow.h
namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
~MainWindow();
private slots:
void on_pushButton_Connect_clicked();
void on_pushButton_Send_clicked();
void socket_Read_Data();
void socket_Disconnected();
private:
Ui::MainWindow *ui;
QTcpSocket *socket;
};
// MAINWINDOW_H
然后是mainwindow.cpp文件:
//mainwindow.cpp
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
QMainWindow(parent),
ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
socket = new QTcpSocket();
//连接信号槽
QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::socket_Read_Data);
QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::disconnected, this, &MainWindow::socket_Disconnected);
ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false);
ui->lineEdit_IP->setText("127.0.0.1");
ui->lineEdit_Port->setText("8765");
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
delete this->socket;
delete ui;
}
void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Connect_clicked()
{
if(ui->pushButton_Connect->text() == tr("连接"))
{
QString IP;
int port;
//获取IP地址
IP = ui->lineEdit_IP->text();
//获取端口号
port = ui->lineEdit_Port->text().toInt();
//取消已有的连接
socket->abort();
//连接服务器
socket->connectToHost(IP, port);
//等待连接成功
if(!socket->waitForConnected(30000))
{
qDebug() << "Connection failed!";
return;
}
qDebug() << "Connect successfully!";
//发送按键使能
ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(true);
//修改按键文字
ui->pushButton_Connect->setText("断开连接");
}
else
{
//断开连接
socket->disconnectFromHost();
//修改按键文字
ui->pushButton_Connect->setText("连接");
ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false);
}
}
void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Send_clicked()
{
qDebug() << "Send: " << ui->textEdit_Send->toPlainText();
//获取文本框内容并以ASCII码形式发送
socket->write(ui->textEdit_Send->toPlainText().toLatin1());
socket->flush();
}
void MainWindow::socket_Read_Data()
{
QByteArray buffer;
//读取缓冲区数据
buffer = socket->readAll();
if(!buffer.isEmpty())
{
QString str = ui->textEdit_Recv->toPlainText();
str+=tr(buffer);
//刷新显示
ui->textEdit_Recv->setText(str);
}
}
void MainWindow::socket_Disconnected()
{
//发送按键失能
ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false);
//修改按键文字
ui->pushButton_Connect->setText("连接");
qDebug() << "Disconnected!";
}
最后是ui的设计:
二、服务器
1、服务器除了使用到了QTcpSocket类,还需要用到QTcpSever类。即便如此,也只是比客户端复杂一点点,用到了6个步骤:
(1)创建QTcpSever对象
server = new QTcpServer();
(2)侦听一个端口,使得客户端可以使用这个端口访问服务器
server->listen(QHostAddress::Any, port);
(3)当服务器被客户端访问时,会发出newConnection()信号,因此为该信号添加槽函数,并用一个QTcpSocket对象接受客户端访问
connect(server,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,&MainWindow::server_New_Connect);
void MainWindow::server_New_Connect()
{
//获取客户端连接
socket = server->nextPendingConnection();
}
(4)使用socket的write函数向客户端发送数据
socket->write(data);
(5)当socket接收缓冲区有新数据到来时,会发出readRead()信号,因此为该信号添加槽函数以读取数据
QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::socket_Read_Data);
void MainWindow::socket_Read_Data()
{
QByteArray buffer;
//读取缓冲区数据
buffer = socket->readAll();
}
(6)取消侦听
server->close();
2、以下是服务器的例程
首先是mainwindow.h文件:
//mainwindow.h
namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
~MainWindow();
private slots:
void on_pushButton_Listen_clicked();
void on_pushButton_Send_clicked();
void server_New_Connect();
void socket_Read_Data();
void socket_Disconnected();
private:
Ui::MainWindow *ui;
QTcpServer* server;
QTcpSocket* socket;
};
// MAINWINDOW_H
然后是mainwindow.cpp文件:
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
QMainWindow(parent),
ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
ui->lineEdit_Port->setText("8765");
ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false);
server = new QTcpServer();
//连接信号槽
connect(server,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,&MainWindow::server_New_Connect);
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
server->close();
server->deleteLater();
delete ui;
}
void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Listen_clicked()
{
if(ui->pushButton_Listen->text() == tr("侦听"))
{
//从输入框获取端口号
int port = ui->lineEdit_Port->text().toInt();
//监听指定的端口
if(!server->listen(QHostAddress::Any, port))
{
//若出错,则输出错误信息
qDebug()<<server->errorString();
return;
}
//修改按键文字
ui->pushButton_Listen->setText("取消侦听");
qDebug()<< "Listen succeessfully!";
}
else
{
/*
//如果正在连接(点击侦听后立即取消侦听,若socket没有指定对象会有异常,应修正——2017.9.30)
if(socket->state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState)
{
//关闭连接
socket->disconnectFromHost();
}
*/
socket->abort();
//取消侦听
server->close();
//修改按键文字
ui->pushButton_Listen->setText("侦听");
//发送按键失能
ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false);
}
}
void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Send_clicked()
{
qDebug() << "Send: " << ui->textEdit_Send->toPlainText();
//获取文本框内容并以ASCII码形式发送
socket->write(ui->textEdit_Send->toPlainText().toLatin1());
socket->flush();
}
void MainWindow::server_New_Connect()
{
//获取客户端连接
socket = server->nextPendingConnection();
//连接QTcpSocket的信号槽,以读取新数据
QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::socket_Read_Data);
QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::disconnected, this, &MainWindow::socket_Disconnected);
//发送按键使能
ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(true);
qDebug() << "A Client connect!";
}
void MainWindow::socket_Read_Data()
{
QByteArray buffer;
//读取缓冲区数据
buffer = socket->readAll();
if(!buffer.isEmpty())
{
QString str = ui->textEdit_Recv->toPlainText();
str+=tr(buffer);
//刷新显示
ui->textEdit_Recv->setText(str);
}
}
void MainWindow::socket_Disconnected()
{
//发送按键失能
ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false);
qDebug() << "Disconnected!";
}
最后是ui的设计:
三、运行结果