LFS 8.3 从零开始做自己的系统（二）～！～

六、构建LFS系统

1.准备虚拟内核文件系统

1)创建将挂载文件系统的目录： mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run} 2)创建设备节点: mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1 mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3 3)安装和填充/开发: mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev 4)挂载虚拟内核文件系统: mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620 mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run 5)创建shm目录 if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm) fi

2.进入Chroot环境

chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i
HOME=/root
TERM="$TERM"
PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w$ '
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin
/tools/bin/bash --login +h

3.创建目录

mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt} mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var} install -dv -m 0750 /root install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man} mkdir -v /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo} mkdir -v /usr/libexec mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}

case $(uname -m) in x86_64) mkdir -v /lib64 ;; esac

mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool} ln -sv /run /var/run ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}

4.创建基本文件和符号链接

ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,dd,echo,ln,pwd,rm,stty} /bin ln -sv /tools/bin/{env,install,perl} /usr/bin ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.{a,so{,.6}} /usr/lib for lib in blkid lzma mount uuid do ln -sv /tools/lib/lib$lib.so* /usr/lib done ln -svf /tools/include/blkid /usr/include ln -svf /tools/include/libmount /usr/include ln -svf /tools/include/uuid /usr/include install -vdm755 /usr/lib/pkgconfig for pc in blkid mount uuid do sed 's@tools@usr@g' /tools/lib/pkgconfig/${pc}.pc
> /usr/lib/pkgconfig/${pc}.pc done ln -sv bash /bin/sh ln -sv /proc/self/mounts /etc/mtab

5.创建passwd文件：

cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF" root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/bin/false messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/var/run/dbus:/bin/false nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false EOF cat > /etc/group << "EOF" root:x:0: bin:x:1:daemon sys:x:2: kmem:x:3: tape:x:4: tty:x:5: daemon:x:6: floppy:x:7: disk:x:8: lp:x:9: dialout:x:10: audio:x:11: video:x:12: utmp:x:13: usb:x:14: cdrom:x:15: adm:x:16: messagebus:x:18: systemd-journal:x:23: input:x:24: mail:x:34: nogroup:x:99: users:x:999: EOF

6.去掉提示符的I have no name提示及创建日志文件：

exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h touch /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,faillog,wtmp} chgrp -v utmp /var/log/lastlog chmod -v 664 /var/log/lastlog chmod -v 600 /var/log/btmp cd /sources

7.Linux-4.18.5 API内核头文件

tar xvf linux-4.18.5.tar.xz cd linux-4.18.5 make mrproper make INSTALL_HDR_PATH=dest headers_install find dest/include ( -name .install -o -name ..install.cmd ) -delete cp -rv dest/include/* /usr/include cd .. rm -rf linux-4.18.5

8.Man-pages-4.16

tar xvf man-pages-4.16.tar.xz cd man-pages-4.16 make install cd .. rm -rf man-pages-4.16

9.glibc-2.28

tar xvf glibc-2.28.tar.xz cd glibc-2.28 patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.28-fhs-1.patch ln -sfv /tools/lib/gcc /usr/lib 为x86_64，创建动态加载程序正常运行所需的兼容性符号链接： case $(uname -m) in i?86) GCC_INCDIR=/usr/lib/gcc/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/8.2.0/include ln -sfv ld-linux.so.2 /lib/ld-lsb.so.3 ;; x86_64) GCC_INCDIR=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.2.0/include ln -sfv ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64 ln -sfv ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/ld-lsb-x86-64.so.3 ;; esac rm -f /usr/include/limits.h mkdir -v build cd build CC="gcc -isystem $GCC_INCDIR -isystem /usr/include"
../configure --prefix=/usr
--disable-werror
--enable-kernel=3.2
--enable-stack-protector=strong
libc_cv_slibdir=/lib unset GCC_INCDIR make && make check touch /etc/ld.so.conf sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile make install cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale make localedata/install-locales 创建nsswitch.conf文件： cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF" passwd: files group: files shadow: files hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: files services: files ethers: files rpc: files EOF 添加时区数据: tar -xf ../../tzdata2018e.tar.gz ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right} for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica
asia australasia backward pacificnew systemv; do zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} done cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York unset ZONEINFO 确定本地时区: tzselect //回答（4、9、1、1） cp -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime 创建ld.so.conf文件： cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" /usr/local/lib /opt/lib EOF cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf EOF mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d cd ../.. rm -rf glibc-2.28

10.调整工具链

mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old} mv -v /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/{ld,ld-old} mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld} ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g'
-e '/*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.@/usr/lib/ @}'
-e '/*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -isystem /usr/include@}' >
dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)/specs echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib' 64位输出： [Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2] 32位输出： [Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.2] 确保设置使用正确的启动文件运行： grep -o '/usr/lib./crt[1in].succeeded' dummy.log 输出： /usr/lib/../lib/crt1.o succeeded /usr/lib/../lib/crti.o succeeded /usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o succeeded 是否正在搜索正确的头文件运行： grep -B1 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log 输出： #include <...> search starts here: /usr/include 新链接器是否正确的搜索路径运行： grep 'SEARCH./usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g' 输出： SEARCH_DIR("=/tools/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib64") SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib") SEARCH_DIR("/lib") SEARCH_DIR("=/tools/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib"); 使用正确的libc运行： grep "/lib.*/libc.so.6 " dummy.log 输出： attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded GCC使用正确的动态链接器运行： grep found dummy.log 输出： found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log

11.zlib-1.2.11

tar xvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.xz cd zlib-1.2.11 ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make check make install mv -v /usr/lib/libz.so.* /lib ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libz.so) /usr/lib/libz.so cd .. rm -rf zlib-1.2.11

12.file-5.34

tar xvf file-5.34.tar.gz cd file-5.34 ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make check make install cd .. rm -rf file-5.34

13.Readline-7.0

tar xvf readline-7.0.tar.gz cd readline-7.0 sed -i '/MV.old/d' Makefile.in sed -i '/{OLDSUFF}/c:' support/shlib-install ./configure --prefix=/usr
--disable-static
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/readline-7.0 make SHLIB_LIBS="-L/tools/lib -lncursesw" make SHLIB_LIBS="-L/tools/lib -lncurses" install mv -v /usr/lib/lib{readline,history}.so. /lib chmod -v u+w /lib/lib{readline,history}.so.* ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libreadline.so) /usr/lib/libreadline.so ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libhistory.so ) /usr/lib/libhistory.so install -v -m644 doc/*.{ps,pdf,html,dvi} /usr/share/doc/readline-7.0 cd .. rm -rf readline-7.0

14.M4-1.4.18

tar xvf m4-1.4.18.tar.xz cd m4-1.4.18 sed -i 's/IO_ftrylockfile/IO_EOF_SEEN/' lib/*.c echo "#define _IO_IN_BACKUP 0x100" >> lib/stdio-impl.h ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make check make install cd .. rm -rf m4-1.4.18

15.BC-1.07.1

tar xvf bc-1.07.1.tar.gz cd bc-1.07.1 cat > bc/fix-libmath_h << "EOF" #! /bin/bash sed -e '1 s/^/{"/'
-e 's/$/",/'
-e '2,$ s/^/"/'
-e '$ d'
-i libmath.h sed -e '$ s/$/0}/'
-i libmath.h EOF ln -sv /tools/lib/libncursesw.so.6 /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.6 ln -sfv libncurses.so.6 /usr/lib/libncurses.so sed -i -e '/flex/s/as_fn_error/: ;; # &/' configure ./configure --prefix=/usr
--with-readline
--mandir=/usr/share/man
--infodir=/usr/share/info make echo "quit" | ./bc/bc -l Test/checklib.b make install cd .. rm -rf bc-1.07.1

16.Binutils-2.31.1

tar xvf binutils-2.31.1.tar.xz cd binutils-2.31.1 mkdir -v build cd build ../configure --prefix=/usr
--enable-gold
--enable-ld=default
--enable-plugins
--enable-shared
--disable-werror
--enable-64-bit-bfd
--with-system-zlib make tooldir=/usr make -k check make tooldir=/usr install cd ../.. rm -rf binutils-2.31.1

17.GMP-6.1.2

tar xvf gmp-6.1.2.tar.xz cd gmp-6.1.2 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--enable-cxx
--disable-static
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/gmp-6.1.2

构建32位x86LFS: ABI=32 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--enable-cxx
--disable-static
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/gmp-6.1.2

make && make html make check 2>&1 | tee gmp-check-log 确保测试套件中的190个测试都通过: awk '/# PASS:/{total+=$3} ; END{print total}' gmp-check-log 以上命令会输出如下结果： make install && make install-html cd .. rm -rf gmp-6.1.2

18.MPFR-4.0.1

tar xvf mpfr-4.0.1.tar.xz cd mpfr-4.0.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--disable-static
--enable-thread-safe
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/mpfr-4.0.1 make make html && make check make install && make install-html cd .. rm -rf mpfr-4.0.1

19.MPC-1.1.0

tar xvf mpc-1.1.0.tar.gz cd mpc-1.1.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--disable-static
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/mpc-1.1.0 make make html && make check make install && make install-html cd .. rm -rf mpc-1.1.0

20.shadow-4.6

tar xvf shadow-4.6.tar.xz cd shadow-4.6 sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups.1 / /' {} ; find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam.3 / /' {} ; find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd.5 / /' {} ; sed -i -e 's@#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES@ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512@'
-e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' etc/login.defs sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --with-group-name-max-length=32 make && make install mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin 配置shadow: 启用密码: pwconv 启用组密码: grpconv 设置root密码: passwd root cd .. rm -rf shadow-4.6

21.GCC-8.2.0

tar xvf gcc-8.2.0.tar.xz cd gcc-8.2.0 x86_64上构建LFS： case $(uname -m) in x86_64) sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/'
-i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64 ;; esac rm -f /usr/lib/gcc mkdir -v build cd build SED=sed
../configure --prefix=/usr
--enable-languages=c,c++
--disable-multilib
--disable-bootstrap
--disable-libmpx
--with-system-zlib make ulimit -s 32768 rm ../gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/pr83239.C chown -Rv nobody . su nobody -s /bin/bash -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check" ../contrib/test_summary make install ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc install -v -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/8.2.0/liblto_plugin.so
/usr/lib/bfd-plugins/ 测试最终工具链: echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib' 输出结果： grep -o '/usr/lib./crt[1in].succeeded' dummy.log 输出结果： grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log 输出结果： grep 'SEARCH./usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g' 64位系统输出结果： grep "/lib./libc.so.6 " dummy.log 输出结果： grep found dummy.log 输出结果： mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib cd ../.. rm -rf gcc-8.2.0

22.bzip2-1.0.6

tar xvf bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz cd bzip2-1.0.6 patch -Np1 -i ../bzip2-1.0.6-install_docs-1.patch sed -i 's@(ln -s -f )$(PREFIX)/bin/@\1@' Makefile sed -i "s@(PREFIX)/man@(PREFIX)/share/man@g" Makefile make -f Makefile-libbz2_so make clean make && make PREFIX=/usr install cp -v bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2 cp -av libbz2.so* /lib ln -sv ../../lib/libbz2.so.1.0 /usr/lib/libbz2.so rm -v /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2} ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bunzip2 ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bzcat cd .. rm -rf bzip2-1.0.6

23.pkg-config-0.29.2

tar xvf pkg-config-0.29.2.tar.gz cd pkg-config-0.29.2 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--with-internal-glib
--disable-host-tool
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/pkg-config-0.29.2 make && make check make install cd .. rm -rf pkg-config-0.29.2

24.ncurses-6.1

tar xvf ncurses-6.1.tar.gz cd ncurses-6.1 sed -i '/LIBTOOL_INSTALL/d' c++/Makefile.in ./configure --prefix=/usr
--mandir=/usr/share/man
--with-shared
--without-debug
--without-normal
--enable-pc-files
--enable-widec make && make install mv -v /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.6* /lib ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libncursesw.so) /usr/lib/libncursesw.so for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do rm -vf /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" > /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ln -sfv ${lib}w.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/${lib}.pc done rm -vf /usr/lib/libcursesw.so echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" > /usr/lib/libcursesw.so ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/ncurses-6.1 cp -v -R doc/* /usr/share/doc/ncurses-6.1 make distclean ./configure --prefix=/usr
--with-shared
--without-normal
--without-debug
--without-cxx-binding
--with-abi-version=5 make sources libs cp -av lib/lib*.so.5* /usr/lib cd .. rm -rf ncurses-6.1

25. Attr-2.4.48

tar xvf attr-2.4.48.tar.gz cd attr-2.4.48 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--bindir=/bin
--disable-static
--sysconfdir=/etc
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/attr-2.4.48 make && make check make install mv -v /usr/lib/libattr.so.* /lib ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libattr.so) /usr/lib/libattr.so cd .. rm -rf attr-2.4.48

26. Acl-2.2.53

tar xvf acl-2.2.53.tar.gz cd acl-2.2.53 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--bindir=/bin
--disable-static
--libexecdir=/usr/lib
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/acl-2.2.53 make && make install mv -v /usr/lib/libacl.so.* /lib ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libacl.so) /usr/lib/libacl.so cd .. rm -rf acl-2.2.53

27.libcap-2.25

tar xvf libcap-2.25.tar.xz cd libcap-2.25 sed -i '/install.STALIBNAME/d' libcap/Makefile make make RAISE_SETFCAP=no lib=lib prefix=/usr install chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libcap.so mv -v /usr/lib/libcap.so. /lib ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libcap.so) /usr/lib/libcap.so cd .. rm -rf libcap-2.25

28. Sed-4.5

tar xvf sed-4.5.tar.xz cd sed-4.5 sed -i 's/usr/tools/' build-aux/help2man sed -i 's/testsuite.panic-tests.sh//' Makefile.in ./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin make && make html && make check make install install -d -m755 /usr/share/doc/sed-4.5 install -m644 doc/sed.html /usr/share/doc/sed-4.5 cd .. rm -rf sed-4.5

29. Psmisc-23.1

tar xvf psmisc-23.1.tar.xz cd psmisc-23.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make install mv -v /usr/bin/fuser /bin mv -v /usr/bin/killall /bin cd .. rm -rf psmisc-23.1

30. Iana-Etc-2.30

tar xvf iana-etc-2.30.tar.bz2 cd iana-etc-2.30 make && make install cd .. rm -rf iana-etc-2.30

31. Bison-3.0.5

tar xvf bison-3.0.5.tar.xz cd bison-3.0.5 ./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/bison-3.0.5 make && make install cd .. rm -rf bison-3.0.5

32. Flex-2.6.4

tar xvf flex-2.6.4.tar.gz cd flex-2.6.4 sed -i "/math.h/a #include <malloc.h>" src/flexdef.h HELP2MAN=/tools/bin/true
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/flex-2.6.4 make && make check make install ln -sv flex /usr/bin/lex cd .. rm -rf flex-2.6.4

33. Grep-3.1

tar xvf grep-3.1.tar.xz cd grep-3.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin make && make -k check make install cd .. rm -rf grep-3.1

34. Bash-4.4.18

tar xvf bash-4.4.18.tar.gz cd bash-4.4.18 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/bash-4.4.18
--without-bash-malloc
--with-installed-readline make chown -Rv nobody . su nobody -s /bin/bash -c "PATH=$PATH make tests" make install mv -vf /usr/bin/bash /bin exec /bin/bash --login +h cd .. rm -rf bash-4.4.18

35. Libtool-2.4.6

tar xvf libtool-2.4.6.tar.xz cd libtool-2.4.6 ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make -j8 check //我是4个核心，所以写-j8，根据你的实际情况改一下,测试会有错误。不用管它，继续安装。错误如下： make install cd .. rm -rf libtool-2.4.6

36. GDBM-1.17

tar xvf gdbm-1.17.tar.gz cd gdbm-1.17 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--disable-static
--enable-libgdbm-compat make && make check make install cd .. rm -rf gdbm-1.17

37. Gperf-3.1

tar xvf gperf-3.1.tar.gz cd gperf-3.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gperf-3.1 make && make -j1 check make install cd .. rm -rf gperf-3.1

38. Expat-2.2.6

tar xvf expat-2.2.6.tar.bz2 cd expat-2.2.6 sed -i 's|usr/bin/env |bin/|' run.sh.in ./configure --prefix=/usr
--disable-static
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/expat-2.2.6 make && make check make install install -v -m644 doc/*.{html,png,css} /usr/share/doc/expat-2.2.6 cd .. rm -rf expat-2.2.6

39. Inetutils-1.9.4

tar xvf inetutils-1.9.4.tar.xz cd inetutils-1.9.4 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--localstatedir=/var
--disable-logger
--disable-whois
--disable-rcp
--disable-rexec
--disable-rlogin
--disable-rsh
--disable-servers make && make check make install mv -v /usr/bin/{hostname,ping,ping6,traceroute} /bin mv -v /usr/bin/ifconfig /sbin cd .. rm -rf inetutils-1.9.4

40.Perl-5.28.0

tar xvf perl-5.28.0.tar.xz cd perl-5.28.0 echo "127.0.0.1 localhost $(hostname)" > /etc/hosts export BUILD_ZLIB=False export BUILD_BZIP2=0 sh Configure -des -Dprefix=/usr
-Dvendorprefix=/usr
-Dman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1
-Dman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3
-Dpager="/usr/bin/less -isR"
-Duseshrplib
-Dusethreads make && make -k test make install unset BUILD_ZLIB BUILD_BZIP2 cd .. rm -rf perl-5.28.0

41.XML::Parser-2.44

tar xvf XML-Parser-2.44.tar.gz cd XML-Parser-2.44 perl Makefile.PL
make && make test make install cd .. rm -rf XML-Parser-2.44

42.Intltool-0.51.0

tar xvf intltool-0.51.0.tar.gz cd intltool-0.51.0 sed -i 's:\${:\$\{:' intltool-update.in ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make check make install install -v -Dm644 doc/I18N-HOWTO /usr/share/doc/intltool-0.51.0/I18N-HOWTO cd .. rm -rf intltool-0.51.0

43. Autoconf-2.69

tar xvf autoconf-2.69.tar.xz cd autoconf-2.69 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make check make install cd .. rm -rf autoconf-2.69

44. Automake-1.16.1

tar xvf automake-1.16.1.tar.xz cd automake-1.16.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/automake-1.16.1 make make -j4 check make install cd .. rm -rf automake-1.16.1

45.XZ-5.2.4

tar xvf xz-5.2.4.tar.xz cd xz-5.2.4 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--disable-static
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/xz-5.2.4 make && make check make install mv -v /usr/bin/{lzma,unlzma,lzcat,xz,unxz,xzcat} /bin mv -v /usr/lib/liblzma.so.* /lib ln -svf ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/liblzma.so) /usr/lib/liblzma.so cd .. rm -rf xz-5.2.4

46.KMOD-25

tar xvf kmod-25.tar.xz cd kmod-25 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--bindir=/bin
--sysconfdir=/etc
--with-rootlibdir=/lib
--with-xz
--with-zlib make && make install for target in depmod insmod lsmod modinfo modprobe rmmod; do ln -sfv ../bin/kmod /sbin/$target done ln -sfv kmod /bin/lsmod cd .. rm -rf kmod-25

47.Gettext-0.19.8.1

tar xvf gettext-0.19.8.1.tar.xz cd gettext-0.19.8.1 sed -i '/^TESTS =/d' gettext-runtime/tests/Makefile.in && sed -i 's/test-lock..EXEEXT.//' gettext-tools/gnulib-tests/Makefile.in sed -e '/AppData/{N;N;p;s/.appdata./.metainfo./}'
-i gettext-tools/its/appdata.loc ./configure --prefix=/usr
--disable-static
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/gettext-0.19.8.1 make && make check make install chmod -v 0755 /usr/lib/preloadable_libintl.so cd .. rm -rf gettext-0.19.8.1

48.Libelf-0.173

tar xvf elfutils-0.173.tar.bz2 cd elfutils-0.173 ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make check make -C libelf install install -vm644 config/libelf.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig cd .. rm -rf elfutils-0.173

49.Libffi-3.2.1

tar xvf libffi-3.2.1.tar.gz cd libffi-3.2.1 sed -e '/^includesdir/ s/$(libdir).$/$(includedir)/'
-i include/Makefile.in sed -e '/^includedir/ s/=.$/=@includedir@/'
-e 's/^Cflags: -I${includedir}/Cflags:/'
-i libffi.pc.in ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static --with-gcc-arch=native make && make check make install cd .. rm -rf libffi-3.2.1

50.OpenSSL 1.1.0i

tar xvf openssl-1.1.0i.tar.gz cd openssl-1.1.0i ./config --prefix=/usr
--openssldir=/etc/ssl
--libdir=lib
shared
zlib-dynamic make && make test sed -i '/INSTALL_LIBS/s/libcrypto.a libssl.a//' Makefile make MANSUFFIX=ssl install mv -v /usr/share/doc/openssl /usr/share/doc/openssl-1.1.0i cp -vfr doc/* /usr/share/doc/openssl-1.1.0i cd .. rm -rf openssl-1.1.0i

51.Python-3.7.0

tar xvf Python-3.7.0.tar.xz cd Python-3.7.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--enable-shared
--with-system-expat
--with-system-ffi
--with-ensurepip=yes make && make install chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libpython3.7m.so chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libpython3.so install -v -dm755 /usr/share/doc/python-3.7.0/html tar --strip-components=1
--no-same-owner
--no-same-permissions
-C /usr/share/doc/python-3.7.0/html
-xvf ../python-3.7.0-docs-html.tar.bz2 cd .. rm -rf Python-3.7.0

52.Ninja-1.8.2

tar xvf ninja-1.8.2.tar.gz cd ninja-1.8.2 export NINJAJOBS=4 patch -Np1 -i ../ninja-1.8.2-add_NINJAJOBS_var-1.patch python3 configure.py --bootstrap python3 configure.py ./ninja ninja_test ./ninja_test --gtest_filter=-SubprocessTest.SetWithLots install -vm755 ninja /usr/bin/ install -vDm644 misc/bash-completion /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/ninja install -vDm644 misc/zsh-completion /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_ninja cd .. rm -rf ninja-1.8.2

53.Meson-0.47.1

tar xvf meson-0.47.1.tar.gz cd meson-0.47.1 python3 setup.py build python3 setup.py install --root=dest cp -rv dest/* / cd .. rm -rf meson-0.47.1

54.procps-NG-3.3.15

tar xvf procps-ng-3.3.15.tar.xz cd procps-ng-3.3.15 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--exec-prefix=
--libdir=/usr/lib
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/procps-ng-3.3.15
--disable-static
--disable-kill make sed -i -r 's|(pmap_initname)\$|\1|' testsuite/pmap.test/pmap.exp sed -i '/set tty/d' testsuite/pkill.test/pkill.exp rm testsuite/pgrep.test/pgrep.exp make check make install mv -v /usr/lib/libprocps.so.* /lib ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libprocps.so) /usr/lib/libprocps.so cd .. rm -rf procps-ng-3.3.15

55.e2fsprogs-1.44.3

tar xvf e2fsprogs-1.44.3.tar.gz cd e2fsprogs-1.44.3 mkdir -v build cd build ../configure --prefix=/usr
--bindir=/bin
--with-root-prefix=""
--enable-elf-shlibs
--disable-libblkid
--disable-libuuid
--disable-uuidd
--disable-fsck make ln -sfv /tools/lib/lib{blk,uu}id.so.1 lib make LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/tools/lib check make install make install-libs chmod -v u+w /usr/lib/{libcom_err,libe2p,libext2fs,libss}.a gunzip -v /usr/share/info/libext2fs.info.gz install-info --dir-file=/usr/share/info/dir /usr/share/info/libext2fs.info makeinfo -o doc/com_err.info ../lib/et/com_err.texinfo install -v -m644 doc/com_err.info /usr/share/info install-info --dir-file=/usr/share/info/dir /usr/share/info/com_err.info cd ../.. rm -rf e2fsprogs-1.44.3

56.Coreutils-8.30

tar xvf coreutils-8.30.tar.xz cd coreutils-8.30 patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-8.30-i18n-1.patch sed -i '/test.lock/s/^/#/' gnulib-tests/gnulib.mk autoreconf -fiv FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure
--prefix=/usr
--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 make make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" >> /etc/group chown -Rv nobody . su nobody -s /bin/bash
-c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check" sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group make install mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8 sed -i s/"1"/"8"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8 mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin cd .. rm -rf coreutils-8.30

57.check-0.12.0

tar xvf check-0.12.0.tar.gz cd check-0.12.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make check make install sed -i '1 s/tools/usr/' /usr/bin/checkmk cd .. rm -rf check-0.12.0

58.diffutils-3.6

tar xvf diffutils-3.6.tar.xz cd diffutils-3.6 ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make check make install cd .. rm -rf diffutils-3.6

59.GAWK-4.2.1

tar xvf gawk-4.2.1.tar.xz cd gawk-4.2.1 sed -i 's/extras//' Makefile.in ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make check make install mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/gawk-4.2.1 cp -v doc/{awkforai.txt,*.{eps,pdf,jpg}} /usr/share/doc/gawk-4.2.1 cd .. rm -rf gawk-4.2.1

60.findutils-4.6.0

tar xvf findutils-4.6.0.tar.gz cd findutils-4.6.0 sed -i 's/test-lock..EXEEXT.//' tests/Makefile.in sed -i 's/IO_ftrylockfile/IO_EOF_SEEN/' gl/lib/*.c sed -i '/unistd/a #include <sys/sysmacros.h>' gl/lib/mountlist.c echo "#define _IO_IN_BACKUP 0x100" >> gl/lib/stdio-impl.h ./configure --prefix=/usr --localstatedir=/var/lib/locate make && make check make install mv -v /usr/bin/find /bin sed -i 's|find:=${BINDIR}|find:=/bin|' /usr/bin/updatedb cd .. rm -rf findutils-4.6.0

61.Groff-1.22.3

tar xvf groff-1.22.3.tar.gz cd groff-1.22.3 PAGE=A4 ./configure --prefix=/usr make -j1 make install cd .. rm -rf groff-1.22.3

62.GRUB-2.02

tar xvf grub-2.02.tar.xz cd grub-2.02 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--sbindir=/sbin
--sysconfdir=/etc
--disable-efiemu
--disable-werror make && make install cd .. rm -rf grub-2.02

63.Less-530

tar xvf less-530.tar.gz cd less-530 ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc make && make install cd .. rm -rf less-530

64.gzip 1.9

tar xvf gzip-1.9.tar.xz cd gzip-1.9 sed -i 's/IO_ftrylockfile/IO_EOF_SEEN/' lib/*.c echo "#define _IO_IN_BACKUP 0x100" >> lib/stdio-impl.h ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make check make install mv -v /usr/bin/gzip /bin cd .. rm -rf gzip-1.9

65.IPRoute2-4.18.0

tar xvf iproute2-4.18.0.tar.xz cd iproute2-4.18.0 sed -i /ARPD/d Makefile rm -fv man/man8/arpd.8 sed -i 's/.m_ipt.o//' tc/Makefile make make DOCDIR=/usr/share/doc/iproute2-4.18.0 install cd .. rm -rf iproute2-4.18.0

66.KBD-2.0.4

tar xvf kbd-2.0.4.tar.xz cd kbd-2.0.4 patch -Np1 -i ../kbd-2.0.4-backspace-1.patch sed -i 's/(RESIZECONS_PROGS=)yes/\1no/g' configure sed -i 's/resizecons.8 //' docs/man/man8/Makefile.in PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/tools/lib/pkgconfig ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-vlock make && make check make install mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/kbd-2.0.4 cp -R -v docs/doc/* /usr/share/doc/kbd-2.0.4 cd .. rm -rf kbd-2.0.4

67.Libpipeline-1.5.0

tar xvf libpipeline-1.5.0.tar.gz cd libpipeline-1.5.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make check make install cd .. rm -rf libpipeline-1.5.0

68.Make-4.2.1

tar xvf make-4.2.1.tar.bz2 cd make-4.2.1 sed -i '211,217 d; 219,229 d; 232 d' glob/glob.c ./configure --prefix=/usr make make PERL5LIB=$PWD/tests/ check make install cd .. rm -rf make-4.2.1

69.Patch-2.7.6

tar xvf patch-2.7.6.tar.xz cd patch-2.7.6 ./configure --prefix=/usr make && make check make install cd .. rm -rf cd patch-2.7.6

70.Sysklogd-1.5.1

tar xvf sysklogd-1.5.1.tar.gz cd sysklogd-1.5.1 sed -i '/Error loading kernel symbols/{n;n;d}' ksym_mod.c sed -i 's/union wait/int/' syslogd.c make make BINDIR=/sbin install 创建syslog.conf文件： cat > /etc/syslog.conf << "EOF" auth,authpriv.* -/var/log/auth.log .;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/sys.log daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log kern.* -/var/log/kern.log mail.* -/var/log/mail.log user.* -/var/log/user.log *.emerg * EOF cd .. rm -rf sysklogd-1.5.1

71.sysvinit-2.90

tar xvf sysvinit-2.90.tar.xz cd sysvinit-2.90 patch -Np1 -i ../sysvinit-2.90-consolidated-1.patch make -C src make -C src install cd .. rm -rf sysvinit-2.90

72.Eudev-3.2.5

tar xvf eudev-3.2.5.tar.gz cd eudev-3.2.5 cat > config.cache << "EOF" HAVE_BLKID=1 BLKID_LIBS="-lblkid" BLKID_CFLAGS="-I/tools/include" EOF ./configure --prefix=/usr
--bindir=/sbin
--sbindir=/sbin
--libdir=/usr/lib
--sysconfdir=/etc
--libexecdir=/lib
--with-rootprefix=
--with-rootlibdir=/lib
--enable-manpages
--disable-static
--config-cache LIBRARY_PATH=/tools/lib make mkdir -pv /lib/udev/rules.d mkdir -pv /etc/udev/rules.d make LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/tools/lib check make LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/tools/lib install tar -xvf ../udev-lfs-20171102.tar.bz2 make -f udev-lfs-20171102/Makefile.lfs install LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/tools/lib udevadm hwdb --update cd .. rm -rf eudev-3.2.5

73.UTIL-Linux的2.32.1

tar xvf util-linux-2.32.1.tar.xz cd util-linux-2.32.1 mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock rm -vf /usr/include/{blkid,libmount,uuid} ./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.32.1
--disable-chfn-chsh
--disable-login
--disable-nologin
--disable-su
--disable-setpriv
--disable-runuser
--disable-pylibmount
--disable-static
--without-python
--without-systemd
--without-systemdsystemunitdir make chown -Rv nobody . su nobody -s /bin/bash -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check" make install cd .. rm -rf util-linux-2.32.1

74.Man-DB-2.8.4

tar xvf man-db-2.8.4.tar.xz cd man-db-2.8.4 ./configure --prefix=/usr
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/man-db-2.8.4
--sysconfdir=/etc
--disable-setuid
--enable-cache-owner=bin
--with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx
--with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind
--with-grap=/usr/bin/grap
--with-systemdtmpfilesdir= make && make check make install cd .. rm -rf man-db-2.8.4

76.tar-1.30

tar xvf tar-1.30.tar.xz cd tar-1.30 FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1
./configure --prefix=/usr
--bindir=/bin make && make check make install make -C doc install-html docdir=/usr/share/doc/tar-1.30 cd .. rm -rf tar-1.30

77.Texinfo-6.5

tar xvf texinfo-6.5.tar.xz cd texinfo-6.5 sed -i '5481,5485 s/({/(\{/' tp/Texinfo/Parser.pm ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static make && make check make install make TEXMF=/usr/share/texmf install-tex pushd /usr/share/info rm -v dir for f in * do install-info $f dir 2>/dev/null done popd cd .. rm -rf texinfo-6.5

77.VIM-8.1

tar xvf vim-8.1.tar.bz2 cd vim81 echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "/etc/vimrc"' >> src/feature.h ./configure --prefix=/usr make LANG=en_US.UTF-8 make -j1 test &> vim-test.log 上面的命令完成后会停止。 make install ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi for L in /usr/share/man/{,*/}man1/vim.1; do ln -sv vim.1 $(dirname $L)/vi.1 done ln -sv ../vim/vim81/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-8.1 配置Vim: cat > /etc/vimrc << "EOF" " Begin /etc/vimrc " Ensure defaults are set before customizing settings, not after source $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim let skip_defaults_vim=1 set nocompatible set backspace=2 set mouse= syntax on if (&term == "xterm") || (&term == "putty") set background=dark endif " End /etc/vimrc EOF cd .. rm -rf vim81 79.清理系统

rm -rf /tmp/* 使用更新的chroot命令重新进入chroot环境： logout chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i
HOME=/root TERM="$TERM"
PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w$ '
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
/bin/bash --login 继续清理： rm -f /usr/lib/lib{bfd,opcodes}.a rm -f /usr/lib/libbz2.a rm -f /usr/lib/lib{com_err,e2p,ext2fs,ss}.a rm -f /usr/lib/libltdl.a rm -f /usr/lib/libfl.a rm -f /usr/lib/libz.a find /usr/lib /usr/libexec -name *.la -delete

如果重新启动请按以下方法：

创建LFS目录、挂载sda3(主分区)与sda2(swap分区)、设置sources、tools目录权限： mkdir -pv $LFS mount -v -t ext4 /dev/sda3 $LFS /sbin/swapon -v /dev/sda2 chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources chown -R root:root $LFS/tools /* 创建设备结点console、null到硬盘上，测试检查，该项已产生 / mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1 mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3 / 挂载和填充 /dev ，挂载剩余的虚拟内核文件系统 / mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620 mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run / /dev/shm可能是到/run/shm的链接，确保/dev/shm为空，然后再挂载 / if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm) fi mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm / 使用root用户，运行下面的命令来进入此时已填充了临时工具的的领域 */ chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i
HOME=/root TERM="$TERM"
PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w$ '
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
/bin/bash --login install -dv -m 0750 /root install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp

七、系统配置

1.LFS-启动脚本LFS-Bootscripts：

cd $LFS/sources tar xvf lfs-bootscripts-20180820.tar.bz2 cd lfs-bootscripts-20180820 make install cd .. rm -rf lfs-bootscripts-20180820

2.创建网络接口配置文件:

bash /lib/udev/init-net-rules.sh 首先用以下命令找到你网卡的名字： cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules 结果显示如下： 图中：NAME=”enp0s3”就是你的网卡名，将其记下来。 为enp0s3创建静态IP地址文件： cd /etc/sysconfig/ vi ifconfig.enp0s3 在文件中输入： ONBOOT=yes IFACE=enp0s3 //网卡名字 SERVICE=ipv4-static IP=192.168.3.252 //网卡IP地地 GATEWAY=192.168.3.1 //网关 PREFIX=24 BROADCAST=192.168.3.255 //广播地址 以上文件根据自己实际情况调整。

3.创建/etc/resolv.conf文件

vi /etc/resolv.conf #domain <Your Domain Name> //设置域名，如果有的话 nameserver 118.118.118.1 //设置DNS服务器IP地址。根据实际调整。 #nameserver <IP address nameserver> //如果有第二个DNS服务器在这里设置。

以上文件根据自己实际调整。

4.配置系统主机名

echo "<lfs>" > /etc/hostname

5.创建hosts文件：

cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF" 127.0.0.1 localhost EOF

6.System V Bootscript配置

cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF" id:3:initdefault: si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0 l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1 l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2 l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3 l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4 l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5 l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6 ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600 EOF

7.配置系统时钟clock

cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF" UTC=1 CLOCKPARAMS= EOF

8.Bash Shell启动文件 运行以下命令获取Glibc支持的所有语言环境的列表： locale -a 看有没有zh_CN.gb18030： 如果没有就添加：localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030 有的话继续向下执行： LC_ALL=zh_CN.gb18030 locale charmap 进行测试： 运行： LC_ALL=zh_CN.gb18030 locale language 结果： Chinese 运行： LC_ALL=zh_CN.gb18030 locale charmap 结果： GB18030 运行： LC_ALL=zh_CN.gb18030 locale int_curr_symbol 结果： CNY 运行： LC_ALL=zh_CN.gb18030 locale int_prefix 结果： 86

创建/etc/profil文件： cat > /etc/profile << "EOF" export LANG=zh_CN.gb18030 EOF

创建/ etc / inputrc文件：

cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF" set horizontal-scroll-mode Off set meta-flag On set input-meta On set convert-meta Off set output-meta On set bell-style none "\eOd": backward-word "\eOc": forward-word

for linux console

"\e[1~": beginning-of-line "\e[4~": end-of-line "\e[5~": beginning-of-history "\e[6~": end-of-history "\e[3~": delete-char "\e[2~": quoted-insert "\eOH": beginning-of-line "\eOF": end-of-line

for Konsole

"\e[H": beginning-of-line "\e[F": end-of-line EOF

创建/etc/shells文件：

cat > /etc/shells << "EOF" /bin/sh /bin/bash EOF

9.创建/etc/ fsta文件:

cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF" /dev/sda3 / ext4 defaults 1 1 /dev/sda2 swap swap pri=1 0 0 proc /proc proc nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs defaults 0 0 devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid 0 0 EOF

10.安装内核：

cd $LFS/sources tar xvf linux-4.18.5.tar.xz cd linux-4.18.5 make mrproper make defconfig make menuconfig 确保以下选项正确设置： make make modules_install cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.5-lfs-8.3 cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-4.18.5 cp -iv .config /boot/config-4.18.5 install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-4.18.5 cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-4.18.5 install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d cat > /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf << "EOF" install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true EOF cd .. chown -R 0:0 linux-4.18.5 install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d cat > /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf << "EOF" install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true EOF

11.设置GRUB引导: GRUB文件安装到/boot/grub并设置引导跟踪： grub-install /dev/sda 创建GRUB配置文件: cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF" set default=0 set timeout=5 insmod ext4 set root=(hd0,3) menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 4.18.5-lfs-8.3" { linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.5-lfs-8.3 root=/dev/sda3 ro } EOF echo 8.3 > /etc/lfs-release cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF" DISTRIB_ID="Linux From Scratch" DISTRIB_RELEASE="8.3" DISTRIB_CODENAME="<your name here>" DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux From Scratch" EOF

12.重新启动系统: logout umount -v $LFS/dev/pts umount -v $LFS/dev umount -v $LFS/run umount -v $LFS/proc umount -v $LFS/sys umount -v $LFS 取出光盘，重新启动计算机： shutdown -r now 13.重新启动后的界面：

至此，LFS 8.3系统就完成了。