1、背景知识
OpenStack Object Storage (Swift) 是用来创建冗余的、可扩展的对象存储(引擎)的开源软件。 swift使用标准化的服务器存储 PB 级的访问数据。它并不是文件系统或者实时的数据存储系统 ,而是一个用于存储永久类型的静态数据的长期存储系统 ,这些数据可以检索、调整、必要时进行更新。最适合存储的数据类型的首要例子是虚拟机镜像,图片存储,邮件存储,存档备份。因为没有中心单元或者主控结点,swift提供了更强的扩展性、冗余和持久性。
OpenStack Object Storage (Swift)使用RESTful API对外提供服务,通过HTTP协议来进行数据间的交互,数据存放在request中。Swift支持单个无文件最大5G,大于5G的文件在客户端切分上传,并上传manifest文件。
图 1-1 SWIFT数据交互
2、API使用描述
1)获取token
接口名称: | 获取一个token ID |
接口定义: | curl -X POST -d ' {"auth": {"tenantName": “{租户名}”, "passwordCredentials": { "username": “{用户名}”, "password": “{用户密码}”} } }' -H "Content-type: application/json" http://localhost:35357/v2.0/tokens | python -mjson.tool
|
传入参数定义: | {"tenantName": “{租户名}”, "passwordCredentials": { "username": “{用户名}”, "password": “{用户密码}”} }
|
返回结果: | 返回的结果比较冗长,请自己在实验环境192.168.0.191上操作,并观察。而需要注意的是其中token的结果: "token": { "expires": "2012-09-27T13:41:15Z", "id": "d8444bd1ab8140ceb136d748eef86647", "tenant": { "description": null, "enabled": true, "id": "e8b18580e5b44cb79b10bd0f7a03bbdc", "name": "admin" } } 在以下的接口操作中,都需要从该token中获取它的id,以及其对应租户(tenant)的id。 |
协议: | http |
示例: | curl -X POST -d '{"auth": {"tenantName": "admin", "passwordCredentials":{"username": "admin", "password": "pengchao"}}}' -H "Content-type: application/json" http://192.168.0.191:35357/v2.0/tokens | python -mjson.tool |
2)容器列表
接口名称: | 获取容器列表 |
接口定义: | curl -s http://localhost:8080/v1/AUTH_{Tenant_id} \ -X GET \ -H "X-Auth-Token: { Token_id}"
|
传入参数定义: | Tenant_id:租户id Token_id:租户对应的token的id |
返回结果: | |
协议: | http |
示例: | curl -s http://192.168.0.191:8080/v1/AUTH_e8b18580e5b44cb79b10bd0f7a03bbdc -X GET -H "X-Auth-Token: 22ec6a37ed6b4b23a435e6b9050f21a4" |
3)创建容器
接口名称: | 创建容器 |
接口定义: | curl -s http://localhost:8080/v1/AUTH_{Tenant_id}/{Container_name} \ -X PUT \ -H "X-Auth-Token: { Token_id}"
|
传入参数定义: | Tenant_id:租户id Container_name: 所创建的容器名称 Token_id:租户对应的token的id |
返回结果: | 如果创建成功,返回“201 Created” |
协议: | http |
示例: | curl -s http://192.168.0.191:8080/v1/AUTH_e8b18580e5b44cb79b10bd0f7a03bbdc -X GET -H "X-Auth-Token: 22ec6a37ed6b4b23a435e6b9050f21a4" |
4)删除容器
接口名称: | 删除容器 |
接口定义: | curl -s http://localhost:8080/v1/AUTH_{Tenant_id}/{Container_name} \ -X DELETE \ -H "X-Auth-Token: { Token_id}" |
传入参数定义: | Tenant_id:租户id Container_name: 所删除的容器名称 Token_id:租户对应的token的id |
返回结果: | 如果删除成功,什么也没返回。可以使用列出容器的api验证。 |
协议: | http |
示例: | curl -s http://192.168.0.191:8080/v1/AUTH_e8b18580e5b44cb79b10bd0f7a03bbdc/my_container -X DELETE -H "X-Auth-Token: 22ec6a37ed6b4b23a435e6b9050f21a4" |
5)列出对象
接口名称: | 列出容器对象 |
接口定义: | curl -s http://localhost:8080/v1/AUTH_{Tenant_id}/{Container_name}[?parm=value] \ -X GET \ -H "X-Auth-Token: { Token_id}" |
传入参数定义: | Tenant_id:租户id Container_name: 容器名称 Token_id:租户对应的token的id |
返回结果: |
|
协议: | http |
示例: | curl -s http192.168.0.191:8080/v1/AUTH_AUTH_e8b18580e5b44cb79b10bd0f7a03bbdc/my_container?format=json -X GET -H "X-Auth-Token: 22ec6a37ed6b4b23a435e6b9050f21a4" | python -mjson.tool |
6)创建对象
接口名称: | 创建对象 |
接口定义: | curl –X PUT -i \ -H "X-Auth-Token: { Token_id}" \ -T {obj_path} \ http://localhost:8080/v1/AUTH_{Tenant_id}/{Container_name}/{obj_name} |
传入参数定义: | Tenant_id:租户id Obj_path:对象的完整路径 obj_name:对象名称 Container_name: 容器名称 Token_id:租户对应的token的id |
返回结果: | <html> <head> <title>201 Created</title> </head> <body> <h1>201 Created</h1> <br /><br /> </body> </html> |
协议: | http |
示例: | curl -X PUT -i -H "X-Auth-Token: 22ec6a37ed6b4b23a435e6b9050f21a4" -T ufw.log http://192.168.0.191:8080/v1/AUTH_e8b18580e5b44cb79b10bd0f7a03bbdc/my_container/ufw.log |
7)删除对象
接口名称: | 删除对象 |
接口定义: | curl -s http://localhost:8080/v1/AUTH_{Tenant_id}/{Container_id}/{object_name} \ -X DELETE \ -H "X-Auth-Token: { Token_id}" |
传入参数定义: | Tenant_id:租户id Obj_name:对象名称 Container_name: 所删除的容器名称 Token_id:租户对应的token的id |
返回结果: | 无返回 |
协议: | http |
示例: | curl -s http://192.168.0.191:8080/v1/AUTH_e8b18580e5b44cb79b10bd0f7a03bbdc/my_container/history24 -X DELETE -H "X-Auth-Token: 22ec6a37ed6b4b23a435e6b9050f21a4" |
3、实例:使用Python实现
3.1、前提条件
由于数据是存放在request中,为了方便,先构造request,使用python(urllib2)代码实现如下:
@param:server_api 根据需要定义的rest url
@param:autho_token 管理员token
@param:send_data 需要发送的数据
@param:method 定义的方法【GET、PUT、DELETE、POST】,默认是POST
def get_server_request(server_api=None, auth_token=None, send_data=None, method=None):
if not server_api:
return None
server_request = urllib2.Request(server_api)
if not server_request:
return None
server_request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/json;charset=utf8')
server_request.add_header('Accept', 'application/json')
server_request.add_header('User-Agent', 'python-mikeyp')
if auth_token:
server_request.add_header('X-Auth-Token', auth_token)
if send_data:
server_request.add_data(send_data)
if method:
server_request.get_method = lambda: method
return server_request
1)获取keystone认证,进行任何CURD操作,都需要从keystone中获取管理员的租户ID和管理员的token,用Python代码实现如下:
@param:user_name 管理员
@param:password 管理员密码
@param:tenant_name 管理员对应的租户名称
def get_keystone_token(user_name=None, password=None, tenant_name=None):
server_api = get_Keystone_Endpoint() + 'tokens'
send_data = None
if user_name and password and tenant_name:
send_data = {'auth': {'tenantName': tenant_name, 'passwordCredentials': \
{'username': user_name, 'password': password}}}
if not send_data:
return None
server_request = get_server_request(server_api, None, json.dumps(send_data), None)
if not server_request:
return None
try:
server_response = urllib2.urlopen(server_request)
receiver_data = server_response.read()
if receiver_data:
data = json.loads(receiver_data)
token = data['access']['token']['id']
tenant_id = data['access']['token']['tenant']['id']
return (tenant_id, token)
else:
return None
except Exception:
return None
3.2、主要功能实现
以下的代码都能单独使用,实现的关键在于对request操作,实现如下:
server_response = urllib2.urlopen(server_request)
1)列出容器
'''列出swift容器列表
@param:
@type:
@return:"count","bytes","name"
@rtype:json
'''
def Container_list():
server_api = None
if tenant_id:
server_api = untils.get_Swift_Endpoint() + tenant_id
if not server_api:
api_logger.error('Container_list server_api: %s.' % server_api)
return untils.rest_result()
try:
server_request = untils.get_server_request(server_api, token)
api_logger.info('Container_list server_request: %s.' % server_request)
if not server_request:
return untils.rest_result()
server_response = urllib2.urlopen(server_request)
api_logger.info('Container_list server_response: %s.' % server_response)
receiver_data = server_response.read()
if receiver_data:
data = json.loads(receiver_data)
con_list = []
for d in data:
con_list.append(d['name'])
return con_list
return untils.rest_result(True, False)
except Exception:
api_logger.critical('Container_list function caught an exception.')
return untils.rest_result(False, True)
2)创建容器
'''创建一个容器
@param:
@type:
@return:"count","bytes","name"
@rtype:json
'''
def Container_create(name=None):
server_api = None
if tenant_id:
server_api = untils.get_Swift_Endpoint() + tenant_id + "/" + name
if not server_api:
api_logger.error('Container_create server_api: %s.' % server_api)
return untils.rest_result()
try:
server_request = untils.get_server_request(server_api, token, None, "PUT")
api_logger.info('Container_create server_request: %s.' % server_request)
if not server_request:
return untils.rest_result()
server_response = urllib2.urlopen(server_request)
api_logger.info('Container_create server_response: %s.' % server_response)
receiver_data = server_response.read()
if receiver_data:
data = json.dumps(receiver_data)
return untils.rest_result(True, False, data)
return untils.rest_result(True, False)
except Exception:
api_logger.critical('Container_create function caught an exception.')
return untils.rest_result(False, True)
3)删除容器
'''删除一个容器
@param:
@type:
@return:"count","bytes","name"
@rtype:json
'''
def Container_delete(con_name=None):
if con_name not in Container_list():
return untils.rest_result()
obj_list= Object_list(con_name)[0]
if obj_list:
api_logger.info("the contaniner is not empty!")
for obj in obj_list:
Object_delete(con_name,obj)
server_api = None
if tenant_id:
server_api = untils.get_Swift_Endpoint() + tenant_id + "/" + con_name
if not server_api:
api_logger.error('Container_delete server_api: %s.' % server_api)
return untils.rest_result()
try:
server_request = untils.get_server_request(server_api, token, None, "DELETE")
api_logger.info('Container_delete server_request: %s.' % server_request)
if not server_request:
return untils.rest_result()
server_response = urllib2.urlopen(server_request)
api_logger.info('Container_delete server_response: %s.' % server_response)
receiver_data = server_response.read()
if receiver_data:
data = json.dumps(receiver_data)
return untils.rest_result(True, False, data)
return untils.rest_result(True, False)
except Exception:
api_logger.critical('Container_delete function caught an exception.')
return untils.rest_result(False, True)
4)列出对象
'''列出swift某容器的对象列表
@param container_name:容器名称
@type:char
@return:"bytes","last_modified","hash","name","content_type"
@rtype:json
'''
def Object_list(container_name=None):
server_api = None
if tenant_id:
server_api = untils.get_Swift_Endpoint() + tenant_id + "/" + container_name
if not server_api:
api_logger.error('Object_list server_api: %s.' % server_api)
return untils.rest_result()
try:
server_request = untils.get_server_request(server_api, token)
api_logger.info('Object_list server_request: %s.' % server_request)
if not server_request:
return untils.rest_result()
server_response = urllib2.urlopen(server_request)
api_logger.info('Object_list server_response: %s.' % server_response)
receiver_data = server_response.read()
if receiver_data:
data = json.loads(receiver_data)
c_l = []
for d in data:
c_l.append(d['name'])
return untils.rest_result(True, False, c_l)
return untils.rest_result(True, False)
except Exception:
api_logger.critical('Object_list function caught an exception.')
return untils.rest_result(False, True)
5)上传对象
'''在一个容器内创建、上传一个对象
@param container_name:容器名称
@param file_name:对象名称
@type:char
@return:
@rtype:json
'''
def Object_upload(container_name=None, obj_path=None, obj_name=None):
send_data = None
obj_full_path = os.path.join(obj_path, obj_name)
with open(obj_full_path) as obj:
send_data = json.dumps(obj.read())
server_api = None
if tenant_id:
server_api = untils.get_Swift_Endpoint() + tenant_id + "/" + container_name + "/" + obj_name
if not server_api:
api_logger.error('Object_upload server_api: %s.' % server_api)
return untils.rest_result()
try:
server_request = untils.get_server_request(server_api, token, send_data, 'PUT')
api_logger.info('Object_upload server_request: %s.' % server_request)
if not server_request:
return untils.rest_result()
server_response = urllib2.urlopen(server_request)
api_logger.info('Object_upload server_response: %s.' % server_response)
receiver_data = server_response.read().strip()
if receiver_data:
data = json.dumps(receiver_data)
return untils.rest_result(True, False, data)
return untils.rest_result(True, False)
except Exception:
api_logger.critical('Object_upload function caught an exception.')
return untils.rest_result(False, True)
6)下载对象
'''从容器下载一个对象
@param container_name:容器名称
@param file_name:对象名称
@type:char
@return:
@rtype:json
'''
def Object_download(container_name=None, obj_path=None, obj_name=None):
server_api = None
if tenant_id:
server_api = untils.get_Swift_Endpoint() + tenant_id + "/" + container_name + "/" + obj_name
if not server_api:
api_logger.error('Object_download server_api: %s.' % server_api)
return untils.rest_result()
try:
server_request = untils.get_server_request(server_api, token)
api_logger.info('Object_download server_request: %s.' % server_request)
if not server_request:
return untils.rest_result()
server_response = urllib2.urlopen(server_request)
api_logger.info('Object_download server_response: %s.' % server_response)
receiver_data = server_response.read()
if receiver_data:
obj_full_path = os.path.join(obj_path, obj_name)
with open(obj_full_path, "wb") as code:
code.write(receiver_data)
return untils.rest_result(True, False)
except Exception:
api_logger.critical('Object_download function caught an exception.')
return untils.rest_result(False, True)
7)删除对象
'''从容器删除一个对象
@param container_name:容器名称
@param file_name:对象名称
@type:char
@return:
@rtype:json
'''
def Object_delete(container_name=None, obj_name=None):
server_api = None
if tenant_id:
server_api = untils.get_Swift_Endpoint() + tenant_id + "/" + container_name + "/" + obj_name
if not server_api:
api_logger.error('Object_delete server_api: %s.' % server_api)
return untils.rest_result()
try:
server_request = untils.get_server_request(server_api, token, None, 'DELETE')
api_logger.info('Object_delete server_request: %s.' % server_request)
if not server_request:
return untils.rest_result()
server_response = urllib2.urlopen(server_request)
api_logger.info('Object_delete server_response: %s.' % server_response)
receiver_data = server_response.read()
if receiver_data:
data = json.dumps(receiver_data)
return untils.rest_result(True, False, data)
return untils.rest_result(True, False)
except Exception:
api_logger.critical('Object_delete function caught an exception.')
return untils.rest_result(False, True)