在华为路由器上配置单区域OSPF
相信大家看到更多的是在思科设备上的配置，之前我也在思科的设备上做过不少路由的实验，最近有机会接触华为的整套路由和交换设备，于是也做了一些实验。下面和大家分享分享。
拓扑：3台路由器AR-28、1台交换机
步骤:
1. 配置路由器的接口IP地址(包括物理接口和Loopback口,其中Loopback口用来模拟主机)
[Router A] interface ethernet 0/0
[Router A-Ethernet0/0] ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
[Router A-Ethernet0/0] quit
[Router A] interface loopback 0
[Router A-LoopBack0] ip address 192.168.31.11 255.255.255.255
//使用32位子网掩码,把Loopback0当作是一台主机
[Router A-LoopBack0] quit
# 配置Router B：
[Router B] interface ethernet 0/0
[Router B-Ethernet0/0] ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
[Router B-Ethernet0/0] quit
[Router B] interface loopback 0
[Router B-LoopBack0] ip address 192.168.31.22 255.255.255.255
//使用32位子网掩码,把Loopback0当作是一台主机
[Router B-LoopBack0] quit
# 配置Router C：
[Router C] interface ethernet 0/0
[Router C-Ethernet0/0] ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
[Router C-Ethernet0/0] quit
[Router C] interface loopback 0
[Router C-LoopBack0] ip address 192.168.31.33 255.255.255.255
//使用32位子网掩码,把Loopback0当作是一台主机
[Router C-LoopBack0] quit
2. 开启OSPF进程,发布相应的网段
[Router A] ospf 1 router id 192.168.1.1 //手工配置Router-ID
[Router A-ospf-1] area 0
[Router A-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[Router A-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.31.11 0.0.0.0
[Router B] ospf 1 router id 192.168.1.2 //手工配置Router-ID
[Router B-ospf-1] area 0
[Router B-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[Router B-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.31.22 0.0.0.0
[Router C] ospf 1 router id 192.168.1.3 //手工配置Router-ID
[Router C-ospf-1] area 0
[Router C-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[Router C-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.31.33 0.0.0.0
3. 查看路由表
[RouterA]display ip routing-table
Routing Table: public net
Destination/Mask Protocol Pre Cost Nexthop Interface
127.0.0.0/8 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.1.0/24 DIRECT 0 0 192.168.1.1 Ethernet0/0
192.168.1.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.31.11/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.31.22/32 OSPF 10 2 192.168.1.2 Ethernet0/0
192.168.31.33/32 OSPF 10 2 192.168.1.3 Ethernet0/0
//说明学习到了邻居发布的主机路由
4. 使用Ping命令验证连通性
[RouterA]ping 192.168.31.22
PING 192.168.31.22: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.31.22: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 192.168.31.22: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 192.168.31.22: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Reply from 192.168.31.22: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 192.168.31.22: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=2 ms
--- 192.168.31.22 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms
[RouterA]ping 192.168.31.33
PING 192.168.31.33: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.31.33: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 192.168.31.33: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 192.168.31.33: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 192.168.31.33: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 192.168.31.33: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=2 ms
--- 192.168.31.33 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms
//验证成功，可以ping通邻居的loopback口
5. 具体配置信息
< RouterA >display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterA
#
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 192.168.31.11 255.255.255.255
#
ospf 1 router-id 192.168.1.1
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.31.11 0.0.0.0
< RouterB>display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterB
#
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 192.168.31.22 255.255.255.255
#
ospf 1 router-id 192.168.1.2
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.31.22 0.0.0.0
< RouterC>display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterC
#
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 192.168.31.33 255.255.255.255
#
ospf 1 router-id 192.168.1.3
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.31.33 0.0.0.0
[RouterA]display ospf ?
brief General information about OSPF routing processes
interface OSPF interface information
lsdb Details of the OSPF database
peer OSPF neighbor lis
*************
[RouterA]display ospf brief //查看正在运行的OSPF进程的简要信息
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 192.168.1.1
OSPF Protocol Information
RouterID: 192.168.1.1
Spf-schedule-interval: 5
Routing preference: Inter/Intra: 10 External: 150
Default ASE parameters: Metric: 1 Tag: 1 Type: 2
SPF computation count: 3
Area Count: 1 Nssa Area Count: 0
Area 0.0.0.0: //区域0
Authtype: none Flags: <>
SPF scheduled: <Router Net>
Interface: 192.168.31.11 (LoopBack0) --> 192.168.31.11
Cost: 1 State: PtoP Type: PointToPoint //loopback0配置的是点对点类型
Priority: 1
Timers: Hello 10, Dead 40, Poll 40, Retransmit 5, Transmit Delay 1
Interface: 192.168.1.1 (Ethernet0/0)
Cost: 1 State: DROther Type: Broadcast //DROther表明自身既不是DR,也不是BDR
Priority: 1 //默认优先级
Designated Router: 192.168.1.3 //DR的Router-ID
Backup Designated Router: 192.168.1.2 //BDR的Router-ID
Timers: Hello 10, Dead 40, Poll 40, Retransmit 5, Transmit Delay 1
//从上面的输出信息可以知道本台路由器的身份以及谁是DR/BDR
[RouterA]display ospf lsdb //显示链路状态数据库的信息
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 192.168.1.1
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.0
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric Where
Stub 192.168.31.11 192.168.1.1 37 24 0 0 SpfTree
Stub 192.168.31.22 192.168.1.2 40 24 0 0 SpfTree
Stub 192.168.31.33 192.168.1.3 40 24 0 0 SpfTree
Rtr 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 37 48 80000008 0 SpfTree
Rtr 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.2 41 48 80000007 0 Clist
Rtr 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.3 41 48 80000007 0 Clist
Net 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.3 41 36 80000002 0 SpfTree
//红色部分标记的条目是从邻居收到的链路状态信息
[RouterA]display ospf peer //显示OSPF邻居的信息
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 192.168.1.1
Neighbors
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 192.168.1.1(Ethernet0/0)'s neighbor(s) //从e0/0口建立的邻居关系
//以下是邻居的状态信息
RouterID: 192.168.1.2 Address: 192.168.1.2
State: Full Mode: Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: 192.168.1.3 BDR: 192.168.1.2
Dead timer expires in 31s
Neighbor has been up for 00:00:49
RouterID: 192.168.1.3 Address: 192.168.1.3
State: Full Mode: Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: 192.168.1.3 BDR: 192.168.1.2
Dead timer expires in 34s
Neighbor has been up for 00:00:57
[RouterA]display ospf routing //显示OSPF路由协议学习到的路由
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 192.168.1.1
Routing Tables
Routing for Network
Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area
192.168.31.11/32 1 Stub 192.168.31.11 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
192.168.1.0/24 1 Net 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.3 0.0.0.0
192.168.31.22/32 2 Stub 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0
192.168.31.33/32 2 Stub 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.3 0.0.0.0
Total Nets: 4
Intra Area: 4 Inter Area: 0 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0
[RouterA]display ospf interface //显示参与OSPF进程的路由器接口
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 192.168.1.1
Interfaces
Area: 0.0.0.0
IP Address Type State Cost Pri DR BDR
192.168.31.11 PtoP PtoP 1 1 None None
192.168.1.1 Bcast DROther 1 1 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.2
//其中192.168.1.1对应的是接口e0/0,192.168.31.11对应的是接口loopback0
总结：在这个简单的拓扑上配置单区域OSPF是比较简单的，写这篇文章的目的是让初学者对OSPF有一个初步的认识，帮助他们分析在书本上学到的理论，另外还可以给一些对华为路由器设备感兴趣的同志们了解了解，对比华为路由器和思科路由器在命令上的区别。
