理论知识
1.1 为什么使用 Docker-compose
我们知道使用一个Dockerfile模板文件可以定义一个单独的应用容器,如果需要定义多个容器就需要服务编排。服务编排有很多种技术方案,今天给大家介绍Docker官方产品Docker Compose 。
Dockerfile可以让用户管理一个单独的应用容器;而Compose则允许用户在一个模板(YAML格式)中定义一组相关联的应用容器(被称为一个project, 即项目) ,例如一个web服务容器再加上后端的数据库服务容器等。
1.2 Docker-compose概述
Docker-Compose项目是Docker官方的开源项目,负责实现对Docker容器集群的快速编排。但是，只能在单机上面实现.
Docker-Compose将所管理的容器分为三层,分别是工程(project) ,服务(service)以及容器(container) 。
Docker-Compose运行目录下的所有文件(docker-compose. yml, extends文件或环境变量文件等)组成一个工程,若无特殊指定工程名即为当前目录名。
一个工程当中可包含多个服务,每个服务中定义了容器运行的镜像、参数、依赖。一个服务当中可包括多个容器实例, Docker-Compose并没有解决负载均衡的问题,因此需要借助其它工具实现服务发现及负载均衡,比如Consul
Docker-Compose的工程配置文件默认为docker-compose .yml,可通过环境变量COMPOSE FILE或-1参数自定义配置文件,其定义了多个有依赖关系的服务及每个服务运行的容器。
使用一个Dockerfile模板文件,可以让用户很方便的定义一个单独的应用容器。
在工作中,经常会碰到需要多个容器相互配合来完成某项任务的情况。例如要实现一个Web项目,除了web服务容器本身,往往还需要再加上后端的数据库服务容器,甚至还包括负载均衡容器等。
Compose允许用户通过一个单独的docker-compose. ym1模板文件(YAMI格式)来定义一组相关联的应用容器为一个项目(project) 。
Docker-Compose项目由Python编写,调用Docker服务提供的API来对容器进行管理。因此,只要所操作的平台支持Docker API,就可以在其上利用Compose来进行编排管理。
2.2.1 YAML 文件格式
YAML 是一种标记性语言，他可以很直观的展示数据序列格式，可读性高。类似于XML数据描述语言，语法比XML简单的很多。
YAML 数据结构通过缩进来表示
连续的项目通过减号来表示（列表）
键值对用冒号分隔
数组用中括号[ ] 括起来
hash 用花括号{ } 括起来
2.2.2 YAML格式的注意事项
大小敏感
通过缩进表示层级关系
不支持制表符tab 键缩进，只能使用空格缩进
缩进的空格数目不重要，只要相同层级左对齐，通常开头缩进2 个空格
用 # 号注释
符号字符后缩进 1 个空格，如 "冒号 ：" "逗号 ，" " 短横杠 -"
如果包含特殊字符，用单引号（ ''） 引起来会作为普通字符串处理，双引号（""） : 特殊字符作为本身想表示的意思
name:空格 "Him,\nTom"
2.2.3 数据结构
复制
对象: 键值对的字典
animal: pets
数组: 一组按次序排列的列表
- cat
- dog
- goldfish
布尔值
debug: "true"
debug: "false"
#Yaml示例
languages:
- Java
- Golang
- Python
websites:
Baidu: www.baidu.com
Wangyi: www.163.com
Souhu: www.souhu.com
#或者
languages: ["Java","Golong","Python"]
websites:
Baidu:
www.baidu.com
Wangyi:
www.163.com
Souhu:
www.souhu.com
#Json格式
{
languages: [
'Java',
'Golong',
'Python',
],
websites: [
Baidu: 'www.baidu.com',
Wangyi: 'www.163.com',
Souhu: 'www.souhu.com',
]
}
2.3 Docker Compose 配置常用字段
字段 描述
build 指定Dockerfile文件名（要指定的Dockerfile文件需要在build标签的子级标签中用dockerfile标签指定）
dockerfile 构建镜像上下文路径
context 可以是dockerfile路径，或者是执行git 仓库的url地址
image 指定镜像（已存在）
command 执行命令，会覆盖容器启动后默认执行的命令（会覆盖Dockerfile的CMD指令）
container_name 指定容器名称，由于容器名称是唯一的，如果指定自定义名称，则无法scale
deploy 指定部署和运行服务相关配置，只能在Swarm模式使用
enviroment 添加环境变量
networks 加入网络，引用顶级networks下条目
ports 暴露容器端口，与-p 相同，但是端口不能低于60
volumes 挂载一个宿主机目录或命令卷到容器，命名卷要在顶级volumes 定义卷名称
volumes_from 从另一个服务或容器挂载卷，可选参数 :ro 和 :rw
hostname 容器主机名
sysctls 在容器内设置内核参数
links 连接到另一个容器，- 服务名称[ : ]
restart 重启策略，定义是否重启容器；
no（默认，不重启），
always（总是重启），
on-failure,（退出状态非0时重启）,
on-failure:3 ,在容器非正常退出时重启容器，最多重启3次，
unless-stoped 在容器退出时总是重启容器，但是不考虑在Docker 守护进程启动时就已经停止了的容器
depends_on 此标签用于解决容器的依赖，启动先后问题。如启动应用容器，需要先启动数据库容器
php:
depends_on:
- apache
- mysql
2.4 Docker compose 常用命令
字段 描述
build 重新构建服务
ps 列出容器
up 创建和启动容器
exec 在容器里面执行命令
scale 指定一个服务容器启动数量
top 显示正在运行的容器进程
logs 查看服务容器的输出
down 删除容器、网络、数据卷和镜像
stop/start/restart 停止/启动/重启服务
docker-compose-实战
nginx
cd
mkdir compose
cd compose
mkdir nginx wwwroot
vim docker-compose.yml
-----
version: '3'
services:
nginx:
hostname: nginx
build:
context: ./nginx
dockerfile: Dockerfile
ports:
- 1234:80
- 4321:443
networks:
ydq:
ipv4_address: 172.100.0.10
volumes:
- ./wwwroot:/usr/local/nginx/html
networks:
ydq:
driver: bridge
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 172.100.0.16/16
-----
cd nginx
vim Dockerfile
---
FROM centos:7.6.1810
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-7-anon.repo
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make &> /dev/null
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD nginx-1.15.7.tar.gz /usr/local/src
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.15.7
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module &> /dev/null
RUN make -j 4 && make install &> /dev/null
RUN ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
EXPOSE 80 443
RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
CMD ["/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"]
lmnp
nginx
mkdir -p /opt/compose_lnmp/nginx/
cd /opt/compose_lnmp/nginx/
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
vim Dockerfile
----
FROM centos:7.6.1810
MAINTAINER this is nginx image <lnmp>
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-7-anon.repo
RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module;make -j4 && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
ADD nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/
ADD wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz /usr/local/nginx/html
RUN chmod 777 -R /usr/local/nginx/html/
EXPOSE 80
VOLUME [ "/usr/local/nginx/html/" ]
CMD [ "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;" ]
vim nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
charset utf-8;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.php;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 172.88.0.30:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}
mysql
mkdir -p /opt/compose_lnmp/mysql/
cd /opt/compose_lnmp/mysql/
vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7.6.1810
MAINTAINER this is mysql image <lnmp>
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-7-anon.repo
RUN yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/
RUN cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1;make -j 4;make install
ADD my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
EXPOSE 3306
RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/;chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/bin/
RUN ./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data;cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/;systemctl enable mysqld
ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
VOLUME [ "/usr/local/mysql" ]
CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]
vim my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO
,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
php
mkdir -p /opt/compose_lnmp/php/
cd /opt/compose_lnmp/php/
vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7.6.1810
MAINTAINER this is php image <lnmp>
RUN curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-7-anon.repo
RUN yum install -y gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel \
gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-7.1.10
RUN ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip ; make -j 4 ; make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin:$PATH
ADD php.ini /usr/local/php/lib/
ADD php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/
ADD www.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
EXPOSE 9000
CMD /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -F
vim php.ini
[PHP]
engine = On
short_open_tag = Off
precision = 14
output_buffering = 4096
zlib.output_compression = Off
implicit_flush = Off
unserialize_callback_func =
serialize_precision = -1
disable_functions =
disable_classes =
zend.enable_gc = On
expose_php = On
max_execution_time = 30
max_input_time = 60
memory_limit = 128M
error_reporting = E_ALL
display_errors = On
display_startup_errors = On
log_errors = On
log_errors_max_len = 1024
ignore_repeated_errors = Off
ignore_repeated_source = Off
report_memleaks = On
track_errors = On
html_errors = On
variables_order = "GPCS"
request_order = "GP"
register_argc_argv = Off
auto_globals_jit = On
post_max_size = 8M
auto_prepend_file =
auto_append_file =
default_mimetype = "text/html"
default_charset = "UTF-8"
doc_root =
user_dir =
enable_dl = Off
file_uploads = On
upload_max_filesize = 2M
max_file_uploads = 20
allow_url_fopen = On
allow_url_include = Off
default_socket_timeout = 60
[CLI Server]
cli_server.color = On
[Date]
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
[filter]
[iconv]
[intl]
[sqlite3]
[Pcre]
[Pdo]
[Pdo_mysql]
pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000
pdo_mysql.default_socket=
[Phar]
[mail function]
SMTP = localhost
smtp_port = 25
mail.add_x_header = On
[SQL]
sql.safe_mode = Off
[ODBC]
odbc.allow_persistent = On
odbc.check_persistent = On
odbc.max_persistent = -1
odbc.max_links = -1
odbc.defaultlrl = 4096
odbc.defaultbinmode = 1
[Interbase]
ibase.allow_persistent = 1
ibase.max_persistent = -1
ibase.max_links = -1
ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d"
ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S"
[MySQLi]
mysqli.max_persistent = -1
mysqli.allow_persistent = On
mysqli.max_links = -1
mysqli.cache_size = 2000
mysqli.default_port = 3306
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
mysqli.default_host =
mysqli.default_user =
mysqli.default_pw =
mysqli.reconnect = Off
[mysqlnd]
mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On
mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On
[OCI8]
[PostgreSQL]
pgsql.allow_persistent = On
pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off
pgsql.max_persistent = -1
pgsql.max_links = -1
pgsql.ignore_notice = 0
pgsql.log_notice = 0
[bcmath]
bcmath.scale = 0
[browscap]
[Session]
session.save_handler = files
session.use_strict_mode = 0
session.use_cookies = 1
session.use_only_cookies = 1
session.name = PHPSESSID
session.auto_start = 0
session.cookie_lifetime = 0
session.cookie_path = /
session.cookie_domain =
session.cookie_httponly =
session.serialize_handler = php
session.gc_probability = 1
session.gc_divisor = 1000
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440
session.referer_check =
session.cache_limiter = nocache
session.cache_expire = 180
session.use_trans_sid = 0
session.sid_length = 26
session.trans_sid_tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form="
session.sid_bits_per_character = 5
[Assertion]
zend.assertions = 1
[COM]
[mbstring]
[gd]
[exif]
[Tidy]
tidy.clean_output = Off
[soap]
soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1
soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp"
soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400
soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5
[sysvshm]
[ldap]
ldap.max_links = -1
[mcrypt]
[dba]
[opcache]
[curl]
[openssl]
vim php-fpm.conf
[global]
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
vim www.conf
[www]
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen = 172.88.0.30:9000
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
docker-compose编写
cd /opt/compose_lnmp
vim docker-compose.yml
version: '2'
services:
nginx:
hostname: nginx
build:
context: /opt/compose_lnmp/nginx/
dockerfile: Dockerfile
ports:
- 1111:80
- 2222:443
container_name: nginx_server
networks:
lnmp:
ipv4_address: 172.111.0.10
mysql:
hostname: mysql
build:
context: /opt/compose_lnmp/mysql/
dockerfile: Dockerfile
ports:
- 3306:3306
container_name: mysql_server
networks:
lnmp:
ipv4_address: 172.111.0.20
php:
hostname: php
build:
context: /opt/compose_lnmp/php/
dockerfile: Dockerfile
ports:
- 9000:9000
container_name: php_server
networks:
lnmp:
ipv4_address: 172.111.0.30
networks:
lnmp:
driver: bridge
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 172.111.0.0/16
docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d
