数组-NSArray
只能存储OC对象
初始化
NSArray *a1 = [NSArray new];
NSArray *a2 = [NSArray array];
都没有意义，这样创建出来的元素个数为0
NSArray *a3 = [NSArray arrayWith Objects：， ， ， ，nil];常用此方法
NSArray *a4 = @[, , , , , ,];此方法后面不要加nil可以用%@直接将NSArray输出
取值
- (ObjectType)objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
直接下标访问常用方法
- 数量
@property (readonly) NSUInteger count;- 判断是否含有该元素
- (BOOL)containsObject:(ObjectType)anObject;- 首尾元素
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly) ObjectType firstObject
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.6), ios(4.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0));
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly) ObjectType lastObject;- 寻找某元素第一次出现的下标，如果没有找到返回的是NSUInteger的最大值
- (NSUInteger)indexOfObject:(ObjectType)anObject;- 使用block遍历
- (void)enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)
(ObjectType obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.6), ios(4.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0));
如果想停止遍历，将stop的值改为YES- 连接NSArray中的字符串
- (NSString *)componentsJoinedByString:(NSString *)separator;- 分隔NSString中的字符串
NSString *string = @"apple,orange,banana";
NSArray *array = [string componentsSeparatedByString:@","];- 保存到磁盘
- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path atomically:(BOOL)useAuxiliaryFile A
PI_DEPRECATED_WITH_REPLACEMENT("writeToURL:error:", macos(10.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), ios(2.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), watchos(2.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), tvos(9.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED));
- (BOOL)writeToURL:(NSURL *)url atomically:(BOOL)atomically
API_DEPRECATED_WITH_REPLACEMENT("writeToURL:error:", macos(10.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), ios(2.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), watchos(2.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), tvos(9.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED));- 从磁盘读取
+ (nullable NSArray<ObjectType> *)arrayWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path API_DEPRECATED_WITH_REPLACEMENT("arrayWithContentsOfURL:error:", macos(10.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), ios(2.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), watchos(2.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), tvos(9.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED));
+ (nullable NSArray<ObjectType> *)arrayWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url API_DEPRECATED_WITH_REPLACEMENT("arrayWithContentsOfURL:error:", macos(10.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), ios(2.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), watchos(2.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), tvos(9.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED));NSMutableArray-NSArray动态版
- 添加元素
- (void)addObject:(ObjectType)anObject;普通添加一个元素
- (void)addObjectsFromArray:(NSArray<ObjectType> *)otherArray;把一个数组都加进去
- (void)insertObject:(ObjectType)anObject atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;指定位置插入一个元素- 删除
- (void)removeObject:(ObjectType)anObject;删除指定的值
- (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;删除下标的值
- (void)removeAllObjects;删除所有
- (void)removeObject:(ObjectType)anObject inRange:(NSRange)range;删除范围
- (void)removeLastObject;字符串-NSString
初始化
NSString *str1 = [[NSString alloc] init];
NSString *str1 = [NSString new];
NSString *str2 = [NSString string];
NSString *str3 = @"";打印的时候%@ 打印指针变量指向的对象。 %p 打印的是指针变量的值
恒定性
- 字符串对象存在常量区（数据段）
NSString *str3 = @"jack";- 字符串存在堆区
NSString *str1 = [[NSString alloc] init];
NSString *str1 = [NSString new];
NSString *str2 = [NSString string];- 在内存中创建一个字符串对象后，这个字符串对象的内容就无法改变
重新为字符串指针初始化值的时候并没有改原来地址的字符串对象，而是重新创建一个字符串对象，再将这个值给指针
- 当系统准备要在内存中创建字符串对象的时候，会先检查呢困中是否有相同内容的字符串对象。如果有，直接指向，没有则重新创建
常用方法
- 将C语言中的字符串转换为OC字符串对象
+ (nullable instancetype)stringWithUTF8String:(const char *)nullTerminatedCString- 将OC字符串转换为OC字符串对象
@property (nullable, readonly) const char *UTF8String NS_RETURNS_INNER_POINTER;
// Convenience to return null-terminated UTF8 representation
const char *a = str.UTF8String;- 拼接字符串
+ (instancetype)stringWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ...
int age = 10;
NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"我的年龄是%d",age];
str = 我的年龄是10
Program ended with exit code: 0- 字符串长度
@property (readonly) NSUInteger length;//NSUInteger本质上是ulong
NSString *str = @"你好hello";
NSUInteger len = [str length];
NSLog(@"len = %lu", len);
len = 7
Program ended with exit code: 0- 得到对应下标字符
- (unichar)characterAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;//typedef unsigned short unichar;
输出用%C，不是%c- 判断字符串是否相等
- (BOOL)isEqualToString:(NSString *)aString;==只能用来判断基本类型，不能判断引用类型。指针类型判断的也是值（指向的地址）
- 比较大小，可以使用int接收结果
- (NSComparisonResult)compare:(NSString *)string;
typedef NS_CLOSED_ENUM(NSInteger, NSComparisonResult) {
NSOrderedAscending = -1L,//<
NSOrderedSame,
NSOrderedDescending//>
};
- (NSComparisonResult)compare:(NSString *)string options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask;
NSCaseInsensitiveSearch = 1,
NSLiteralSearch = 2, /* Exact character-by-character equivalence */
NSBackwardsSearch = 4, /* Search from end of source string */
NSAnchoredSearch = 8, /* Search is limited to start (or end, if NSBackwardsSearch) of source string */
NSNumericSearch = 64, /* Added in 10.2; Numbers within strings are compared using numeric value, that is, Foo2.txt < Foo7.txt < Foo25.txt; only applies to compare methods, not find */
NSDiacriticInsensitiveSearch
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.5), ios(2.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0)) = 128,
/* If specified, ignores diacritics (o-umlaut == o) */
NSWidthInsensitiveSearch
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.5), ios(2.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0)) = 256,
/* If specified, ignores width differences ('a' == UFF41) */
NSForcedOrderingSearch
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.5), ios(2.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0)) = 512,
/* If specified, comparisons are forced to return either NSOrderedAscending or NSOrderedDescending if the strings are equivalent but not strictly equal, for stability when sorting (e.g. "aaa" > "AAA" with NSCaseInsensitiveSearch specified) */
NSRegularExpressionSearch
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.7), ios(3.2), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0)) = 1024
/* Applies to rangeOfString:..., stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:..., and replaceOccurrencesOfString:... methods only; the search string is treated as an ICU-compatible regular expression; if set, no other options can apply except NSCaseInsensitiveSearch and NSAnchoredSearch */- 将字符串内容写入到磁盘上的某个文件中
- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path
//文件路径
atomically:(BOOL)useAuxiliaryFile
//YES 先将内容写到临时文件里，成功后再写到指定目录，安全，效率低
//NO 直接将内容写到指定文件， 不安全，效率高
encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc
//指定写入使用的编码一般UTF8,NSUTF8StringEncoding
error:(NSError **)error;
//二级指针，传入NSError指针的地址
返回值为BOLL类型，返回是否成功写入- 从指定的文件中读取字符串
+ (nullable instancetype)stringWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path
encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc
error:(NSError **)error;- 使用URL来读取字符串数据
- 优势：既可以读本地磁盘文件，又可以读网页文件、发FTP服务器上的文件
- 不同类型的URL地址写法不同
- 本地磁盘文件：file:///Users/admin/Desktop/XXX.xxx
- 网页地址；http://gz.xxxx.cn
- FTP文件：ftp://server.xxx.cn/xx/xxx.xx
- 将不同类型的地址封装在NSURL对象中
- 读
NSURL *u1 = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1NJ411T78u?p=167&spm_id_from=pageDriver&vd_source=4852f0fd2838c9dc71dd11e6d14e8735"]; NSError *err; NSString *str = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:u1 encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&err]; NSLog(@"%@", str);- 写
NSURL *u1 = [NSURL URLWithString:@"file:///Users/admin/Desktop/abc.txt"];
NSString *str = @"hello";
[str compare:str options: 1];
NSError *err;
BOOL res = [str writeToURL:u1 atomically:NO encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&err];
if(res == YES){
NSLog(@"写入成功");
}else{
NSLog(@"失败");
NSLog(@"%@",err.localizedFailureReason);
}- 比较字符串前缀
- (BOOL)hasPrefix:(NSString *)str;- 比较字符串结尾
- (BOOL)hasSuffix:(NSString *)str;- 在主串中搜索str的范围
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString;
typedef struct NS_SWIFT_SENDABLE _NSRange {
NSUInteger location; str在字符串中第一次出现的下标
NSUInteger length; 匹配的长度
} NSRange;
看是否能找到直接看length即可（是否为0）
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask;
options可以输入别的，如：从后往前搜等。
NSCaseInsensitiveSearch = 1,
NSLiteralSearch = 2, /* Exact character-by-character equivalence */
NSBackwardsSearch = 4, /* Search from end of source string */
NSAnchoredSearch = 8,
/* Search is limited to start (or end, if NSBackwardsSearch) of source string */
NSNumericSearch = 64,
/* Added in 10.2; Numbers within strings are compared using numeric value, that is, Foo2.txt < Foo7.txt < Foo25.txt; only applies to compare methods, not find */
NSDiacriticInsensitiveSearch
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.5), ios(2.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0)) = 128,
/* If specified, ignores diacritics (o-umlaut == o) */
NSWidthInsensitiveSearch
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.5), ios(2.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0)) = 256,
/* If specified, ignores width differences ('a' == UFF41) */
NSForcedOrderingSearch
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.5), ios(2.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0)) = 512,
/* If specified, comparisons are forced to return either NSOrderedAscending or NSOrderedDescending if the strings are equivalent but not strictly equal, for stability when sorting (e.g. "aaa" > "AAA" with NSCaseInsensitiveSearch specified) */
NSRegularExpressionSearch
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.7), ios(3.2), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0)) = 1024
/* Applies to rangeOfString:..., stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:..., and replaceOccurrencesOfString:... methods only; the search string is treated as an ICU-compatible regular expression; if set, no other options can apply except NSCaseInsensitiveSearch and NSAnchoredSearch */- 字符串中截取
- (NSString *)substringFromIndex:(NSUInteger)from;从指定下标开始截取
- (NSString *)substringToIndex:(NSUInteger)to;从第0个开始截取指定的个数
- (NSString *)substringWithRange:(NSRange)range;截取指定的范围，idx,len- 字符串替换
NSString *str = @"hello";
str = [str stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"o" withString:@"llll"]; 还可以替换为空串- 字符串转换为其他类型
@property (readonly) double doubleValue;
@property (readonly) float floatValue;
@property (readonly) int intValue;
@property (readonly) NSInteger integerValue
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.5), ios(2.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0));
@property (readonly) long long longLongValue
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.5), ios(2.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0));
@property (readonly) BOOL boolValue
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.5), ios(2.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0));
// Skips initial space characters (whitespaceSet), or optional -/+ sign followed by zeroes. Returns YES on encountering one of "Y", "y", "T", "t", or a digit 1-9. It ignores any trailing characters.- 去掉字符串前后东西
- (NSString *)stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:(NSCharacterSet *)set;去空格
stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet lowercaseLetterCharacterSet];去小写
stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet uppercaseLetterCharacterSet];去大写NSMutableString-NSString的优化版
存储在NSSMutableString对象中的字符串数据可以更改。具备可变性
直接可以改存储在其中的字符串数据，不会新创建对象
初始化
NSMutableString *str = [NSMutableString new];
NSMutableString *str = @"jack"; 这样不行，右边父类，左边子类追加字符串
- (void)appendFormat:(NSString *)format, ... NS_FORMAT_FUNCTION(1,2);
- (void)appendString:(NSString *)aString;NSDictionary
以键值对形式存储数据。一旦创建无法动态新增，修改和删除
- 建：只能是遵守了NSCoping协议的对象，而NSString就是遵守了这个协议
- 值：只能是OC对象
一般创建方式
NSDictionary *mydict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"jack",@"name", nil];
先写值，在写键
NSDictionary *mydict = @{@"name":@"jack", xxx:xx,,,,};访问
mydict[@"name"]
[mydict objectForKey:@"name"]
值不存在就是nil取集合
@property (readonly, copy) NSArray<KeyType> *allKeys;
@property (readonly, copy) NSArray<ObjectType> *allValues;遍历
NSDictionary *mydict = @{@"name":@"jack"};
for in 遍历
for(id a in mydict){
NSLog(@"%@, %@", a, mydict[a]);
}
block遍历
[mydict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
^(id _Nonnull key, id _Nonnull obj, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
NSLog(@"%@->%@", key, obj);
}];NSMutableDictionary
以键值对形式存储数据。一旦创建可以动态新增，修改和删除
- 建：只能是遵守了NSCoping协议的对象，而NSString就是遵守了这个协议
- 值：只能是OC对象
添加
NSDictionary *mydict = @{@"name":@"jack"};
NSMutableDictionary *mutabledict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:mydict];
mutabledict[@"ggg"] = @"rose";
[mutabledict setObject:@"广州XXX" forKey:@"留仙大道"];删除
- (void)removeObjectForKey:(KeyType)aKey;删除特定的
- (void)removeAllObjects;删除所有的持久化
- 存入磁盘
- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path atomically:(BOOL)useAuxiliaryFile API_DEPRECATED_WITH_REPLACEMENT("writeToURL:error:", macos(10.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), ios(2.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), watchos(2.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), tvos(9.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED));
- (BOOL)writeToURL:(NSURL *)url atomically:(BOOL)atomically API_DEPRECATED_WITH_REPLACEMENT("writeToURL:error:", macos(10.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), ios(2.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), watchos(2.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED), tvos(9.0, API_TO_BE_DEPRECATED)); // the atomically flag is ignored if url of a type that cannot be written atomically.- 从磁盘取出
NSMutableDictionary *newdict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/admin/Desktop/dict.plist"];NSSet
- 个数
@property (readonly) NSUInteger count;- 返回所有对象
@property (readonly, copy) NSArray<ObjectType> *allObjects;- 返回任意对象
- (nullable ObjectType)anyObject;- 判断是否含有该元素
- (BOOL)containsObject:(ObjectType)anObject;- 判断两个集合是否有交集
- (BOOL)intersectsSet:(NSSet<ObjectType> *)otherSet;- 判断两个集合是否完全匹配
- (BOOL)isEqualToSet:(NSSet<ObjectType> *)otherSet;- 判断当前集合是否是该集合的子集
- (BOOL)isSubsetOfSet:(NSSet<ObjectType> *)otherSet;NSMutableSet
- 当前集合减去该集合的元素
- (void)minusSet:(NSSet<ObjectType> *)otherSet;- 给当前集合和该集合取交集
- (void)intersectSet:(NSSet<ObjectType> *)otherSet;- 并集
- (void)unionSet:(NSSet<ObjectType> *)otherSet;- 当前集合设置为该集合中的内容
- (void)setSet:(NSSet<ObjectType> *)otherSet;- 删除
- (void)removeAllObjects;
- (void)removeObject:(ObjectType)object;
- (void)removeObject:(ObjectType)object;CGPoint和NSPoint-点的位置
CGPoint {
CGFloat x;
CGFloat y;
};
typedef CGPoint NSPoint;初始化
CGPointMake(CGFloat x, CGFloat y)
{
CGPoint p; p.x = x; p.y = y; return p;
}
NS_INLINE NSPoint NSMakePoint(CGFloat x, CGFloat y) {
NSPoint p;
p.x = x;
p.y = y;
return p;
}NSSize/CGSize控件的大小
typedef CGSize NSSize;
struct CGSize {
CGFloat width;
CGFloat height;
};
NS_INLINE NSSize NSMakeSize(CGFloat w, CGFloat h) {
NSSize s;
s.width = w;
s.height = h;
return s;
}
NSSize size = NSMakeSize(2, 3);
CGSize cgsize = CGSizeMake(3, 2);
CGSizeMake(CGFloat width, CGFloat height)
{
CGSize size; size.width = width; size.height = height; return size;
}CGRect和MNSRect
- 保存大小和位置
struct CGRect {
CGPoint origin;
CGSize size;
};
typedef struct CF_BOXABLE CGRect CGRect;
typedef CGRect NSRect;
CGRectMake(CGFloat x, CGFloat y, CGFloat width, CGFloat height)
{
CGRect rect;
rect.origin.x = x; rect.origin.y = y;
rect.size.width = width; rect.size.height = height;
return rect;
}
NS_INLINE NSRect NSMakeRect(CGFloat x, CGFloat y, CGFloat w, CGFloat h) {
NSRect r;
r.origin.x = x;
r.origin.y = y;
r.size.width = w;
r.size.height = h;
return r;
}封装结构体-NSValue
+ (NSValue *)valueWithPoint:(NSPoint)point;
+ (NSValue *)valueWithSize:(NSSize)size;
+ (NSValue *)valueWithRect:(NSRect)rect;
+ (NSValue *)valueWithEdgeInsets:(NSEdgeInsets)insets API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.10), ios(8.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0));
实例：
NSValue *v1 = [NSValue valueWithRect:nsrect];
@property (readonly) NSPoint pointValue;
@property (readonly) NSSize sizeValue;
@property (readonly) NSRect rectValue;
@property (readonly) NSEdgeInsets edgeInsetsValue API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.10), ios(8.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0));包装后可以存到集合里
NSDate类-时间处理
- 得到当前时间
NSDate *date = [NSDate new];
NSLog(@"%@", date);- 自定义格式
- 创建一个格式化对象
NSDateFormatter *formatter = [NSDateFormatter new];- 指定格式化对象转换的格式
formatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"; formatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy年MM月dd天 HH时mm分ss秒"; 。。。- 格式化对象按照指定的格式将日期对象转换
NSString *str = [formatter stringFromDate:date];
- 字符串转换为日期（操作同上）
NSDate *date = [NSDate new];
NSDateFormatter *formatter = [NSDateFormatter new];
formatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy年MM月dd天 HH时mm分ss秒";
NSString *str = @"2023年12月19天 16时48分14秒";
date = [formatter dateFromString:str];
NSLog(@"%@", str);- 计算时间
- 在当前时间加或者减一段时间
+ (instancetype)dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:(NSTimeInterval)secs;- 两个时间之差
- (NSTimeInterval)timeIntervalSinceDate:(NSDate *)anotherDate;- 得到日期中的部分数据
- 法一（同格式部分一样）：
NSDate *date = [NSDate new]; NSDateFormatter *formatter = [NSDateFormatter new]; formatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy"; 年 MM月 dd日。。。。 NSString *str = [formatter stringFromDate:date]; NSLog(@"%@", str);- 法二：
- 先创建一个日历对象
NSCalendar *calendar = [NSCalendar currentCalendar];- 让日历对象从日期对象中取出日期的各个部分
- (NSDateComponents *)components:(NSCalendarUnit)unitFlags fromDate:(NSDate *)date; NSDateComponents * com = [calendar components:NSCalendarUnitYear|NSCalendarUnitMonth fromDate:date]; NSLog(@"%lu-%lu-%lu-%lu", com.year, com.month, com.day, com.weekday);
NSAttributedString
一种可变字符串，其部分文本具有关联的属性（例如视觉样式、超链接或辅助功能数据）。
初始化
- (instancetype)initWithString:(NSString *)str;
- (instancetype)initWithString:(NSString *)str attributes:(nullable
NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)attrs;
- (instancetype)initWithAttributedString:(NSAttributedString *)attrStr;
- (instancetype)initWithString:(NSString *)str;
- (instancetype)initWithString:(NSString *)str attributes:(nullable
NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)attrs;
- (instancetype)initWithAttributedString:(NSAttributedString *)attrStr;第一种使用字符串初始化初始化富文本
第二种使用字符串及属性字典（就是配置富文本的相关属性）初始化富文本
第三种就是用其他富文本初始化富文本
常用操作
- 为某一范围内文字添加某个属性
- (void)addAttribute:(NSString *)name value:(id)value range:(NSRange)range;- 为某一范围内文字添加多个属性（两个API效果与格式一样）
- (void)addAttributes:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)attrs range:(NSRange)range;
- (void)setAttributes:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)attrs
range:(NSRange)range;- 移除某范围内的某个属性（可与添加属性API对照，不在示例）
- (void)removeAttribute:(NSString *)name range:(NSRange)range;- 其他部分API（见名知意，可与NSString对照不在赘述）
- (void)replaceCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range withAttributedString:
(NSAttributedString *)attrString;
- (void)insertAttributedString:(NSAttributedString *)attrString
atIndex:(NSUInteger)loc;
- (void)appendAttributedString:(NSAttributedString *)attrString;
- (void)deleteCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range;
- (void)setAttributedString:(NSAttributedString *)attrString;
- (void)replaceCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range withAttributedString:
(NSAttributedString *)attrString;
- (void)insertAttributedString:(NSAttributedString *)attrString
atIndex:(NSUInteger)loc;
- (void)appendAttributedString:(NSAttributedString *)attrString;
- (void)deleteCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range;
- (void)setAttributedString:(NSAttributedString *)attrString;- 相关可设置属性对照
通过API我们可以知道，对于富文本来说添加单个属性和添加属性字典称为其核心方法，就是一个key对应一个Value，只要能了解各种属性所对应效果就可以随意组合，搞出适合各种需求的封装API。
NSFontAttributeName ：字体字号
value值：UIFont类型
NSParagraphStyleAttributeName ： 段落样式
value值：NSParagraphStyle类型（其属性如下）
lineSpacing 行间距(具体用法可查看上面的设置行间距API)
paragraphSpacing 段落间距
alignment 对齐方式
firstLineHeadIndent 指定段落开始的缩进像素
headIndent 调整全部文字的缩进像素
NSForegroundColorAttributeName 字体颜色
value值：UIColor类型
NSBackgroundColorAttributeName 背景颜色
value值：UIColor类型
NSObliquenessAttributeName 字体粗倾斜
value值：NSNumber类型
NSExpansionAttributeName 字体加粗
value值：NSNumber类型(比例) 0就是不变 1增加一倍
NSKernAttributeName 字间距
value值：CGFloat类型
NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName 下划线
value值：1或0
NSUnderlineColorAttributeName 下划线颜色
value值：UIColor类型
NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName 删除线
value值：1或0
NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName 删除线颜色
value值：UIColor类型
NSStrokeColorAttributeName 字体颜色
value值：UIColor类型
NSStrokeWidthAttributeName 字体描边
value值：CGFloat
NSLigatureAttributeName 连笔字
value值：1或0
NSShadowAttributeName 阴影
value值：NSShawdow类型（下面是其属性）
shadowOffset 影子与字符串的偏移量
shadowBlurRadius 影子的模糊程度
shadowColor 影子的颜色
NSTextEffectAttributeName 设置文本特殊效果,目前只有图版印刷效果可用
value值：NSString类型
NSAttachmentAttributeName 设置文本附件
value值：NSTextAttachment类型（没研究过，可自行百度研究）
NSLinkAttributeName 链接
value值：NSURL (preferred) or NSString类型
NSBaselineOffsetAttributeName 基准线偏移
value值：NSNumber类型
NSWritingDirectionAttributeName 文字方向 分别代表不同的文字出现方向
value值：@[@(1),@(2)]
NSVerticalGlyphFormAttributeName 水平或者竖直文本 在iOS没卵用，不支持竖版
value值：1竖直 0水平
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NSAttributedString富文本简单介绍和常用方法浅析
https://blog.51cto.com/u_15894905/5892310NSBundle
// 获得 Bundle 信息
/*
通常指向 xxx.app/ 这个根目录
*/
NSBundle *mainBundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];
// 获取 Bundle 文件路径
NSString *bundlePath = [NSBundle mainBundle].bundlePath;
NSString *resourcePath = [NSBundle mainBundle].resourcePath;
// 获取 Bundle URL 路径
NSURL *bundleUrl = [NSBundle mainBundle].bundleURL;
NSURL *resourceURL = [NSBundle mainBundle].resourceURL;
// 获得 Bundle 目录下的文件路径
NSString *filePath1 = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"test" ofType:@"txt"];
// 获得 bundle 下子目录 subdirectory 下的文件路径
NSString *filePath2 = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"test" ofType:@"txt" inDirectory:@"testFolder"];
// 获得 Bundle 目录下的 URL 路径
NSURL *fileUrl1 = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"test" withExtension:@"txt"];
// 获得 bundle 下子目录 subdirectory 下的 URL 路径
NSURL *fileUrl2 = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"test" withExtension:@"txt" subdirectory:@"testFolder"];
// 获取应用程序唯一标识包名
NSString *indentifier = [NSBundle mainBundle].bundleIdentifier;
// 获取应用程序 Info.plist 配置项词典对象实例
NSDictionary *info = [NSBundle mainBundle].infoDictionary;
// 获取某一特定字段的内容
NSString *bundleID = [[NSBundle mainBundle] objectForInfoDictionaryKey:@"CFBundleName"];
