过程不需要联网
1、下载安装包
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/#downloads
2.检查库文件是否存在,如有删除。
[root@localhost Desktop]$ rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.52.x86_64--nodeps
[root@localhost ~]#
3.检查mysql组和用户是否存在,如无创建。
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
mysql:x:490:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
mysql:x:496:490::/home/mysql:/bin/bash
以上为默认存在的情况,如无,执行添加命令:
[root@localhost ~]#groupadd mysql
[root@localhost ~]#useradd -r -g mysql mysql
//useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户,不可用于登录系统。
4.开始解压,。
[root@localhost ~]# mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
再解压,得到我们想要的,并解压到/usr/local/apps/
apps是我前面创建的用户存放应用
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/apps/
这时在program下得到的目录名很长,如果不想改名,则可以建立一个连接(类似于Windows快捷方式):
[root@localhost apps]# ln -s mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
这么配置后,就可以用/usr/local/apps/mysql来找到mysql的安装目录了
注意,如果mysql目录下没有data目录,手动建一个。用户存放数据
初始化
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/apps/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/apps/mysql
时间可能长了一点,稍微等下.
[root@Ta-GVSM-M-016@00502 apps]# /usr/local/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/apps/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/apps/mysql
如果执行完以上代码报如下错:
/usr/local/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
请先安装:libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@Ta-GVSM-M-016@00502 ~]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:libaio ########################################### [100%]
以上操作表示安装!
再次执行以下操作:
[root@Ta-GVSM-M-016@00502 apps]# /usr/local/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/apps/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/apps/mysql
如果执行完报以下操作表示缺少:libnuma.so.1 文件
/usr/local/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
下载并安装:numactl-2.0.9-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@Ta-GVSM-M-016@00502 ~]# rpm -ivh numactl-2.0.9-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: numactl-2.0.9-2.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:numactl ########################################### [100%]
以上展示说明安装成功!
没有ERROR信息跳过以上操作进入下一步
5、设置mysql以服务运行并且开机启动
将 /usr/local/apps/mysql/support-files/mysql.server 拷贝为/etc/init.d/mysql并设置运行权限
#cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
#chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
把mysql注册为开机启动的服务
#chkconfig --add mysql
当然也可以手动进行服务的开启和关闭:
#/etc/init.d/mysql start
#/etc/init.d/mysql stop
【添加本地配置】安装文件夹->本机
将mysql/support-files下的my-default.cnf改名为my.cnf,拷到/etc下
[root@localhost ~]#cp /usr/local/apps/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
如果不存在my-default.cnf 请直接到/etc/my.cnf下寻找!!!
使用vi打开后编辑(以下仅为基础配置)
将三个都进行简单的配置可以解决不少bug,我前面踩了许多坑
[mysqld]
[mysql]
[client]
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
basedir = /usr/local/apps/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/apps/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/usr/local/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/usr/local/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
此外:socket =/usr/local/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock,这里的tmp文件夹为自行创建
sock文件是用于建立两个程序之间的连接使用的。需要给与mysql用户(上文创建了)权限。
首先mkdirtmp,然后进入/usr/local/apps/mysql目录,修改权限
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql tmp
运行
#{mysql}/bin/mysqld_safe&
注:在这个启动脚本里已默认设置--user=mysql;在脚本末尾加&表示设置此进程为后台进程,区别就是在控制台输入bg,即可将当前进程转入后台,当前shell可进行其他操作。
客户端连接测试
[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/apps/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
我在登陆时时出现了这个错误(密码不正确):
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
解决方法:
打开my.cnf文件
在[mysqld]下添加这么一行
skip-grant-tables
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
basedir = /usr/local/apps/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/apps/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
skip-grant-tables
跳过密码校验,这样登陆mysql就不需要密码了
然后使用sql语句修改root用户的密码
update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root' ;
然后,再将skip-grant-tables从my.cnf文件中去掉,即可完成。
重启mysql服务
再次运行
service mysql restart
[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/apps/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
就完成了
最后还有一步,将MySQL加入环境变量
vim /etc/profile
#MySQL
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/apps/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
添加在里面
然后 source /etc/profile
就可以在任意目录下使用 mysql -root -p 命令了
再授权所有其他主机都可访问
mysql>grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql>flush privileges;
如果遇到ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement
解决方案:
安装完mysql 之后,登陆以后,不管运行任何命令,总是提示这个
step 1: SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('your new password');
step 2: ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
step 3: flush privileges;