注意第一点，如果要使用移动硬盘备份你的树莓派，供电一定要5V2A线，别用笔记本USB供电或者劣质供电器、供电线，否则有黄色小闪电⚡，时间久了会对CPU造成伤害，同样供电不够也带不动硬盘。注意你的树莓派红灯一直在闪就说明供电不够，请马上关机换电源。
本文使用SD全备份工具bkup_rpimage 当然你要使用 Win32DiskImager 进行全备份也行。
使用方法
进入Github 上面的链接，下载bkup_rpimage.sh，保存到你的U盘里
给上执行权限
chmod +x bkup_rpimage.sh然后cd进U盘直接备份啦，让他自己生成日期.img（/media/pi/eVtranDisk 这是我U盘路径，要改成你自己的路径）
sudo sh bkup_rpimage.sh start -c /media/pi/eVtranDisk/rpi_backup-$(date +%Y-%m-%d).img
慢慢等待，没有进度条，备份最终名称rpi_backup-2020-05-08.img
停留在这个界面大概30多分钟就开始进行滚动了
耐心等待，脚本方式有点慢，最终花了我2个小时。。。 。Win32DiskImager会快很多，缺点是要在windows平台操作，还把SD卡取出来，有些小伙伴套了保护盒子就难得拆。。
最终把全备份img做好了，现在是内存卡多大，备份的img文件就有多大。接着进行裁剪
进入GitHub或见文尾附录，下载PiShrink裁剪工具，把sh下载到本地，给上执行权限
chmod +x pishrink.sh然后裁剪多余空白的img空间
sudo bash pishrink.sh rpi_backup-2020-05-08.img可以看到从30G缩小到11G
参考手册
bkup_rpimage
备份树莓派系统映像的脚本
例子
备份到rpi_backup.img文件
bkup_rpimage.sh start -c /path/to/rpi_backup.img备份到rpi_backup.img文件，限制8000MB（博主内心OS不知道这是干嘛的，备份加啥限制呀）
bkup_rpimage.sh start -s 8000 -c /path/to/rpi_backup.img使用树莓派的主机名作为SD映像文件名（为了方便多台树莓派的管理员吧）
bkup_rpimage.sh start /path/to/$(uname -n).img使用树莓派的主机名和今天的日期作为SD镜像文件名，如果它不存在，创建它，并在备份后压缩它，特别注意这里的压缩指的是全备份后再用你的全备份img压缩一份gz文件，所以SD卡多大，最终的img就是多大。不实用，不推荐。
bkup_rpimage.sh start -cz /path/to/$(uname -n)-$(date +%Y-%m-%d).img把SD映像放到指定文件夹/mnt/rpi_image
bkup_rpimage.sh mount /path/to/$(uname -n).img /mnt/rpi_image从默认挂载目录卸载SD映像 (/mnt/raspi-2020-11-10.img/)
bkup_rpimage.sh umount /path/to/raspi-2020-11-10.img附录
PiShrink.sh
#!/bin/bash
version="v0.1.2"
CURRENT_DIR="$(pwd)"
SCRIPTNAME="${0##*/}"
MYNAME="${SCRIPTNAME%.*}"
LOGFILE="${CURRENT_DIR}/${SCRIPTNAME%.*}.log"
REQUIRED_TOOLS="parted losetup tune2fs md5sum e2fsck resize2fs"
ZIPTOOLS=("gzip xz")
declare -A ZIP_PARALLEL_TOOL=( [gzip]="pigz" [xz]="xz" ) # parallel zip tool to use in parallel mode
declare -A ZIP_PARALLEL_OPTIONS=( [gzip]="-f9" [xz]="-T0" ) # options for zip tools in parallel mode
declare -A ZIPEXTENSIONS=( [gzip]="gz" [xz]="xz" ) # extensions of zipped files
function info() {
echo "$SCRIPTNAME: $1 ..."
}
function error() {
echo -n "$SCRIPTNAME: ERROR occured in line $1: "
shift
echo "$@"
}
function cleanup() {
if losetup "$loopback" &>/dev/null; then
losetup -d "$loopback"
fi
if [ "$debug" = true ]; then
local old_owner=$(stat -c %u:%g "$src")
chown "$old_owner" "$LOGFILE"
fi
}
function logVariables() {
if [ "$debug" = true ]; then
echo "Line $1" >> "$LOGFILE"
shift
local v var
for var in "$@"; do
eval "v=\$$var"
echo "$var: $v" >> "$LOGFILE"
done
fi
}
function checkFilesystem() {
info "Checking filesystem"
e2fsck -pf "$loopback"
(( $? < 4 )) && return
info "Filesystem error detected!"
info "Trying to recover corrupted filesystem"
e2fsck -y "$loopback"
(( $? < 4 )) && return
if [[ $repair == true ]]; then
info "Trying to recover corrupted filesystem - Phase 2"
e2fsck -fy -b 32768 "$loopback"
(( $? < 4 )) && return
fi
error $LINENO "Filesystem recoveries failed. Giving up..."
exit -9
}
help() {
local help
read -r -d '' help << EOM
Usage: $0 [-adhrspvzZ] imagefile.img [newimagefile.img]
-s Don't expand filesystem when image is booted the first time
-v Be verbose
-r Use advanced filesystem repair option if the normal one fails
-z Compress image after shrinking with gzip
-Z Compress image after shrinking with xz
-a Compress image in parallel using multiple cores
-p Remove logs, apt archives, dhcp leases and ssh hostkeys
-d Write debug messages in a debug log file
EOM
echo "$help"
exit -1
}
should_skip_autoexpand=false
debug=false
repair=false
parallel=false
verbose=false
prep=false
ziptool=""
required_tools="$REQUIRED_TOOLS"
while getopts ":adhprsvzZ" opt; do
case "${opt}" in
a) parallel=true;;
d) debug=true;;
h) help;;
p) prep=true;;
r) repair=true;;
s) should_skip_autoexpand=true ;;
v) verbose=true;;
z) ziptool="gzip";;
Z) ziptool="xz";;
*) help;;
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND-1))
if [ "$debug" = true ]; then
info "Creating log file $LOGFILE"
rm "$LOGFILE" &>/dev/null
exec 1> >(stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 tee -a "$LOGFILE" >&1)
exec 2> >(stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 tee -a "$LOGFILE" >&2)
fi
echo "${0##*/} $version"
#Args
src="$1"
img="$1"
#Usage checks
if [[ -z "$img" ]]; then
help
fi
if [[ ! -f "$img" ]]; then
error $LINENO "$img is not a file..."
exit -2
fi
if (( EUID != 0 )); then
error $LINENO "You need to be running as root."
exit -3
fi
# check selected compression tool is supported and installed
if [[ -n $ziptool ]]; then
if [[ ! " ${ZIPTOOLS[@]} " =~ " $ziptool " ]]; then
error $LINENO "$ziptool is an unsupported ziptool."
exit -17
else
if [[ $parallel == true && ziptool == "gzip" ]]; then
REQUIRED_TOOLS="$REQUIRED_TOOLS pigz"
else
REQUIRED_TOOLS="$REQUIRED_TOOLS $ziptool"
fi
fi
fi
#Check that what we need is installed
for command in $REQUIRED_TOOLS; do
command -v $command >/dev/null 2>&1
if (( $? != 0 )); then
error $LINENO "$command is not installed."
exit -4
fi
done
#Copy to new file if requested
if [ -n "$2" ]; then
info "Copying $1 to $2..."
cp --reflink=auto --sparse=always "$1" "$2"
if (( $? != 0 )); then
error $LINENO "Could not copy file..."
exit -5
fi
old_owner=$(stat -c %u:%g "$1")
chown "$old_owner" "$2"
img="$2"
fi
# cleanup at script exit
trap cleanup ERR EXIT
#Gather info
info "Gathering data"
beforesize="$(ls -lh "$img" | cut -d ' ' -f 5)"
parted_output="$(parted -ms "$img" unit B print)"
rc=$?
if (( $rc )); then
error $LINENO "parted failed with rc $rc"
info "Possibly invalid image. Run 'parted $img unit B print' manually to investigate"
exit -6
fi
partnum="$(echo "$parted_output" | tail -n 1 | cut -d ':' -f 1)"
partstart="$(echo "$parted_output" | tail -n 1 | cut -d ':' -f 2 | tr -d 'B')"
loopback="$(losetup -f --show -o "$partstart" "$img")"
tune2fs_output="$(tune2fs -l "$loopback")"
currentsize="$(echo "$tune2fs_output" | grep '^Block count:' | tr -d ' ' | cut -d ':' -f 2)"
blocksize="$(echo "$tune2fs_output" | grep '^Block size:' | tr -d ' ' | cut -d ':' -f 2)"
logVariables $LINENO beforesize parted_output partnum partstart tune2fs_output currentsize blocksize
#Check if we should make pi expand rootfs on next boot
if [ "$should_skip_autoexpand" = false ]; then
#Make pi expand rootfs on next boot
mountdir=$(mktemp -d)
mount "$loopback" "$mountdir"
if [ "$(md5sum "$mountdir/etc/rc.local" | cut -d ' ' -f 1)" != "0542054e9ff2d2e0507ea1ffe7d4fc87" ]; then
echo "Creating new /etc/rc.local"
mv "$mountdir/etc/rc.local" "$mountdir/etc/rc.local.bak"
#####Do not touch the following lines#####
cat <<\EOF1 > "$mountdir/etc/rc.local"
#!/bin/bash
do_expand_rootfs() {
ROOT_PART=$(mount | sed -n 's|^/dev/\(.*\) on / .*|\1|p')
PART_NUM=${ROOT_PART#mmcblk0p}
if [ "$PART_NUM" = "$ROOT_PART" ]; then
echo "$ROOT_PART is not an SD card. Don't know how to expand"
return 0
fi
# Get the starting offset of the root partition
PART_START=$(parted /dev/mmcblk0 -ms unit s p | grep "^${PART_NUM}" | cut -f 2 -d: | sed 's/[^0-9]//g')
[ "$PART_START" ] || return 1
# Return value will likely be error for fdisk as it fails to reload the
# partition table because the root fs is mounted
fdisk /dev/mmcblk0 <<EOF
p
d
$PART_NUM
n
p
$PART_NUM
$PART_START
p
w
EOF
cat <<EOF > /etc/rc.local &&
#!/bin/sh
echo "Expanding /dev/$ROOT_PART"
resize2fs /dev/$ROOT_PART
rm -f /etc/rc.local; cp -f /etc/rc.local.bak /etc/rc.local; /etc/rc.local
EOF
reboot
exit
}
raspi_config_expand() {
/usr/bin/env raspi-config --expand-rootfs
if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
return -1
else
rm -f /etc/rc.local; cp -f /etc/rc.local.bak /etc/rc.local; /etc/rc.local
reboot
exit
fi
}
raspi_config_expand
echo "WARNING: Using backup expand..."
sleep 5
do_expand_rootfs
echo "ERROR: Expanding failed..."
sleep 5
rm -f /etc/rc.local; cp -f /etc/rc.local.bak /etc/rc.local; /etc/rc.local
exit 0
EOF1
#####End no touch zone#####
chmod +x "$mountdir/etc/rc.local"
fi
umount "$mountdir"
else
echo "Skipping autoexpanding process..."
fi
if [[ $prep == true ]]; then
info "Syspreping: Removing logs, apt archives, dhcp leases and ssh hostkeys"
mountdir=$(mktemp -d)
mount "$loopback" "$mountdir"
rm -rf "$mountdir/var/cache/apt/archives/*" "$mountdir/var/lib/dhcpcd5/*" "$mountdir/var/log/*" "$mountdir/var/tmp/*" "$mountdir/tmp/*" "$mountdir/etc/ssh/*_host_*"
umount "$mountdir"
fi
#Make sure filesystem is ok
checkFilesystem
if ! minsize=$(resize2fs -P "$loopback"); then
rc=$?
error $LINENO "resize2fs failed with rc $rc"
exit -10
fi
minsize=$(cut -d ':' -f 2 <<< "$minsize" | tr -d ' ')
logVariables $LINENO currentsize minsize
if [[ $currentsize -eq $minsize ]]; then
error $LINENO "Image already shrunk to smallest size"
exit -11
fi
#Add some free space to the end of the filesystem
extra_space=$(($currentsize - $minsize))
logVariables $LINENO extra_space
for space in 5000 1000 100; do
if [[ $extra_space -gt $space ]]; then
minsize=$(($minsize + $space))
break
fi
done
logVariables $LINENO minsize
#Shrink filesystem
info "Shrinking filesystem"
resize2fs -p "$loopback" $minsize
rc=$?
if (( $rc )); then
error $LINENO "resize2fs failed with rc $rc"
mount "$loopback" "$mountdir"
mv "$mountdir/etc/rc.local.bak" "$mountdir/etc/rc.local"
umount "$mountdir"
losetup -d "$loopback"
exit -12
fi
sleep 1
#Shrink partition
partnewsize=$(($minsize * $blocksize))
newpartend=$(($partstart + $partnewsize))
logVariables $LINENO partnewsize newpartend
parted -s -a minimal "$img" rm "$partnum"
rc=$?
if (( $rc )); then
error $LINENO "parted failed with rc $rc"
exit -13
fi
parted -s "$img" unit B mkpart primary "$partstart" "$newpartend"
rc=$?
if (( $rc )); then
error $LINENO "parted failed with rc $rc"
exit -14
fi
#Truncate the file
info "Shrinking image"
endresult=$(parted -ms "$img" unit B print free)
rc=$?
if (( $rc )); then
error $LINENO "parted failed with rc $rc"
exit -15
fi
endresult=$(tail -1 <<< "$endresult" | cut -d ':' -f 2 | tr -d 'B')
logVariables $LINENO endresult
truncate -s "$endresult" "$img"
rc=$?
if (( $rc )); then
error $LINENO "trunate failed with rc $rc"
exit -16
fi
# handle compression
if [[ -n $ziptool ]]; then
options=""
envVarname="${MYNAME^^}_${ziptool^^}" # PISHRINK_GZIP or PISHRINK_XZ environment variables allow to override all options for gzip or xz
[[ $parallel == true ]] && options="${ZIP_PARALLEL_OPTIONS[$ziptool]}"
[[ -v $envVarname ]] && options="${!envVarname}" # if environment variable defined use these options
[[ $verbose == true ]] && options="$options -v" # add verbose flag if requested
if [[ $parallel == true ]]; then
parallel_tool="${ZIP_PARALLEL_TOOL[$ziptool]}"
info "Using $parallel_tool on the shrunk image"
if ! $parallel_tool ${options} "$img"; then
rc=$?
error $LINENO "$parallel_tool failed with rc $rc"
exit -18
fi
else # sequential
info "Using $ziptool on the shrunk image"
if ! $ziptool ${options} $img; then
rc=$?
error $LINENO "$ziptool failed with rc $rc"
exit -19
fi
fi
img=$img.${ZIPEXTENSIONS[$ziptool]}
fi
aftersize=$(ls -lh "$img" | cut -d ' ' -f 5)
logVariables $LINENO aftersize
info "Shrunk $img from $beforesize to $aftersize"
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