实际生产中,每天都有大量的日志生成,单个文件(FileAppender)已经不能满足要求,RollingFileAppender继承了FileAppender,并提供了更多的功能: 

  • 每天生成一个日志文件
  • 将前一天的日志重命名为包含日期的格式
  • 根据需要,删除过期历史日志

配置 

和logback系列之二:输出日志到文件类似,改动的地方: 

1. logback[-test].xml文件: 

Java代码  

<appender name="rollingAppender" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">  
    <file>/logs/heuristic.log</file>  
    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">  
        <fileNamePattern>/logs/heuristic-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>  
        <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>  
    </rollingPolicy>  
    <encoder><!-- 必须指定,否则不会往文件输出内容 -->  
        <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{5} - %msg%n</pattern>  
    </encoder>  
    <append>false</append>  
    <prudent>false</prudent>  
</appender>  
  
<root level="DEBUG">  
    <appender-ref ref="rollingAppender" />  
</root>

调用测试类的方法,生成heuristic-2013-11-16.log文件。 

源码分析 

a. 如果指定了file属性,当天的文件名为file属性值(/logs/heuristic.log): 

ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender类 

Java代码  

public void start() {  
    ...  
    currentlyActiveFile = new File(getFile()); // 获取日志文件名  
}  
  
public String getFile() {  
    return rollingPolicy.getActiveFileName(); // 从滚动策略获取  
}
public void start() {  
    ...  
    currentlyActiveFile = new File(getFile()); // 获取日志文件名  
}  
  
public String getFile() {  
    return rollingPolicy.getActiveFileName(); // 从滚动策略获取  
}

上面logback[-test].xml的rollingPolicy配置为 
ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy类 

看下实现: 

Java代码  

public String getActiveFileName() {  
  String parentsRawFileProperty = getParentsRawFileProperty();  
  if (parentsRawFileProperty != null) { // logback.xml指定了file属性  
    return parentsRawFileProperty; // 使用file值  
  } else {  
    return timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy  
        .getCurrentPeriodsFileNameWithoutCompressionSuffix();  
  }  
}  
  
public String getParentsRawFileProperty() {  
  return parent.rawFileProperty();  
}
public String getActiveFileName() {  
  String parentsRawFileProperty = getParentsRawFileProperty();  
  if (parentsRawFileProperty != null) { // logback.xml指定了file属性  
    return parentsRawFileProperty; // 使用file值  
  } else {  
    return timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy  
        .getCurrentPeriodsFileNameWithoutCompressionSuffix();  
  }  
}  
  
public String getParentsRawFileProperty() {  
  return parent.rawFileProperty();  
}

ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender类 

Java代码  

final public String rawFileProperty() {  
  return fileName;  
}
final public String rawFileProperty() {  
  return fileName;  
}

b. 必须指定TriggeringPolicy<E>和RollingPolicy,否则不会打印日志: 

看下 
ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender类: 

Java代码  

public void start() {  
  if (triggeringPolicy == null) {  
    addWarn("No TriggeringPolicy was set for the RollingFileAppender named "  
        + getName());  
    addWarn("For more information, please visit "+CODES_URL+"#rfa_no_tp");  
    return;  
  }  
  
  if (rollingPolicy == null) {  
    addError("No RollingPolicy was set for the RollingFileAppender named "  
        + getName());  
    addError("For more information, please visit "+CODES_URL+"rfa_no_rp");  
    return;  
  }
public void start() {  
  if (triggeringPolicy == null) {  
    addWarn("No TriggeringPolicy was set for the RollingFileAppender named "  
        + getName());  
    addWarn("For more information, please visit "+CODES_URL+"#rfa_no_tp");  
    return;  
  }  
  
  if (rollingPolicy == null) {  
    addError("No RollingPolicy was set for the RollingFileAppender named "  
        + getName());  
    addError("For more information, please visit "+CODES_URL+"rfa_no_rp");  
    return;  
  }

TimeBasedRollingPolicy类实现了上面的两个接口,triggeringPolicy和rollingPolicy都指向TimeBasedRollingPolicy的实例对象。 

c. 如果file指定,前一天的文件名改为fileNamePattern的值(/logs/heuristic-2013-11-15.log)。 

通过设置TimeBasedRollingPolicy的maxHistory属性,可以控制已产生日志的数量。如果maxHistory设置为30,那么超过30天的log文件会被自动删除,这是通过RollingFileAppender的rollover()方法来实现的。 

该方法会调用 
ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy类 
的rollover方法: 

Java代码  

public void rollover() throws RolloverFailure {  
  // 当此方法调用时,假定前一天日志文件已经关闭  
  String elapsedPeriodsFileName = timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy  
      .getElapsedPeriodsFileName();  
  
  String elpasedPeriodStem = FileFilterUtil.afterLastSlash(elapsedPeriodsFileName);  
  
  if (compressionMode == CompressionMode.NONE) {  
    if (getParentsRawFileProperty() != null) {  
      renameUtil.rename(getParentsRawFileProperty(), elapsedPeriodsFileName); // file指定,重命名为fileNamePattern格式。如果目标文件存在,则重命名失败  
    } // else { nothing to do if CompressionMode == NONE and parentsRawFileProperty == null }  
  } else {  
    if (getParentsRawFileProperty() == null) {  
      future = asyncCompress(elapsedPeriodsFileName, elapsedPeriodsFileName, elpasedPeriodStem); // file未指定,异步压缩  
    } else {  
      future = renamedRawAndAsyncCompress(elapsedPeriodsFileName, elpasedPeriodStem); // file指定,重命名并异步压缩  
    }  
  }  
  
  if (archiveRemover != null) {  
    archiveRemover.clean(new Date(timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy.getCurrentTime())); // 删除历史日志  
  }  
}
public void rollover() throws RolloverFailure {  
  // 当此方法调用时,假定前一天日志文件已经关闭  
  String elapsedPeriodsFileName = timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy  
      .getElapsedPeriodsFileName();  
  
  String elpasedPeriodStem = FileFilterUtil.afterLastSlash(elapsedPeriodsFileName);  
  
  if (compressionMode == CompressionMode.NONE) {  
    if (getParentsRawFileProperty() != null) {  
      renameUtil.rename(getParentsRawFileProperty(), elapsedPeriodsFileName); // file指定,重命名为fileNamePattern格式。如果目标文件存在,则重命名失败  
    } // else { nothing to do if CompressionMode == NONE and parentsRawFileProperty == null }  
  } else {  
    if (getParentsRawFileProperty() == null) {  
      future = asyncCompress(elapsedPeriodsFileName, elapsedPeriodsFileName, elpasedPeriodStem); // file未指定,异步压缩  
    } else {  
      future = renamedRawAndAsyncCompress(elapsedPeriodsFileName, elpasedPeriodStem); // file指定,重命名并异步压缩  
    }  
  }  
  
  if (archiveRemover != null) {  
    archiveRemover.clean(new Date(timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy.getCurrentTime())); // 删除历史日志  
  }  
}

默认的archiveRemover为ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.helper.DefaultArchiveRemover抽象类: 

Java代码  

public void clean(Date now) {  
  long nowInMillis = now.getTime();  
  int periodsElapsed = computeElapsedPeriodsSinceLastClean(nowInMillis);  
  lastHeartBeat = nowInMillis;  
  if (periodsElapsed > 1) {  
    addInfo("periodsElapsed = " + periodsElapsed);  
  }  
  // 从待删除日志的终止日期开始,每次回退一天,删除过期日志  
  for (int i = 0; i < periodsElapsed; i++) {  
    cleanByPeriodOffset(now, periodOffsetForDeletionTarget - i);  
  }  
}  
  
public void setMaxHistory(int maxHistory) {  
  // 待删除日志的终止日期:回退(maxHistory+1)天  
  this.periodOffsetForDeletionTarget = -maxHistory - 1;  
}
public void clean(Date now) {  
  long nowInMillis = now.getTime();  
  int periodsElapsed = computeElapsedPeriodsSinceLastClean(nowInMillis);  
  lastHeartBeat = nowInMillis;  
  if (periodsElapsed > 1) {  
    addInfo("periodsElapsed = " + periodsElapsed);  
  }  
  // 从待删除日志的终止日期开始,每次回退一天,删除过期日志  
  for (int i = 0; i < periodsElapsed; i++) {  
    cleanByPeriodOffset(now, periodOffsetForDeletionTarget - i);  
  }  
}  
  
public void setMaxHistory(int maxHistory) {  
  // 待删除日志的终止日期:回退(maxHistory+1)天  
  this.periodOffsetForDeletionTarget = -maxHistory - 1;  
}


cleanByPeriodOffset为抽象方法,这里交由 

ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.helper.TimeBasedArchiveRemover子类

实现: 

Java代码  

protected void cleanByPeriodOffset(Date now, int periodOffset) {  
  Date date2delete = rc.getRelativeDate(now, periodOffset); // 计算需要删除日志的日期  
  String filename = fileNamePattern.convert(date2delete);  
  File file2Delete = new File(filename);  
  if (file2Delete.exists() && file2Delete.isFile()) {  
    file2Delete.delete(); // 删除文件  
    addInfo("deleting " + file2Delete);  
    if (parentClean) {  
      removeFolderIfEmpty(file2Delete.getParentFile());  
    }  
  }  
}
protected void cleanByPeriodOffset(Date now, int periodOffset) {  
  Date date2delete = rc.getRelativeDate(now, periodOffset); // 计算需要删除日志的日期  
  String filename = fileNamePattern.convert(date2delete);  
  File file2Delete = new File(filename);  
  if (file2Delete.exists() && file2Delete.isFile()) {  
    file2Delete.delete(); // 删除文件  
    addInfo("deleting " + file2Delete);  
    if (parentClean) {  
      removeFolderIfEmpty(file2Delete.getParentFile());  
    }  
  }  
}

d. 如果要启用压缩,需要将fileNamePattern的后缀名设置为压缩格式,如:/logs/heuristic-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.zip。 

看下ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingPolicyBase类相关的代码: 

Java代码  

protected void determineCompressionMode() {  
  if (fileNamePatternStr.endsWith(".gz")) {  
    addInfo("Will use gz compression");  
    compressionMode = CompressionMode.GZ;  
  } else if (fileNamePatternStr.endsWith(".zip")) {  
    addInfo("Will use zip compression");  
    compressionMode = CompressionMode.ZIP;  
  } else { // 如果后缀名不是.gz或.zip,不会启用压缩  
    addInfo("No compression will be used");  
    compressionMode = CompressionMode.NONE;  
  }  
}
protected void determineCompressionMode() {  
  if (fileNamePatternStr.endsWith(".gz")) {  
    addInfo("Will use gz compression");  
    compressionMode = CompressionMode.GZ;  
  } else if (fileNamePatternStr.endsWith(".zip")) {  
    addInfo("Will use zip compression");  
    compressionMode = CompressionMode.ZIP;  
  } else { // 如果后缀名不是.gz或.zip,不会启用压缩  
    addInfo("No compression will be used");  
    compressionMode = CompressionMode.NONE;  
  }  
}


e. RollingFileAppender保证append的值为true,这样当天先写入的日志内容就不会丢失

 


ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender类

的start()方法: 

Java代码  

if (!append) { // append为false时  
  addWarn("Append mode is mandatory for RollingFileAppender");  
  append = true; // 改成true  
}
if (!append) { // append为false时  
  addWarn("Append mode is mandatory for RollingFileAppender");  
  append = true; // 改成true  
}

f. prudent模式不支持file设定;如果启用了压缩,logback将不会记录日志: 

ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender类 
的start()方法: 

Java代码  

if (isPrudent()) { // 安全模式,但效率低  
  if (rawFileProperty() != null) {  
    addWarn("Setting \"File\" property to null on account of prudent mode");  
    setFile(null); // 取消file属性设置  
  }  
  if (rollingPolicy.getCompressionMode() != CompressionMode.NONE) { // 启用了压缩  
    addError("Compression is not supported in prudent mode. Aborting");  
    return; // 返回,不会进行后面的记录日志操作  
  }  
}
if (isPrudent()) { // 安全模式,但效率低  
  if (rawFileProperty() != null) {  
    addWarn("Setting \"File\" property to null on account of prudent mode");  
    setFile(null); // 取消file属性设置  
  }  
  if (rollingPolicy.getCompressionMode() != CompressionMode.NONE) { // 启用了压缩  
    addError("Compression is not supported in prudent mode. Aborting");  
    return; // 返回,不会进行后面的记录日志操作  
  }  
}