二、分组函数
功能:用作统计使用,又称为聚合函数或者统计函数或者组函数
分类:SUM求和,AVG平均,MAX,MIN,COUNT计数
SELECT SUM(salary),AVG(salary),MAX(salary),MIN(salary),COUNT(salary)
FROM employees;
特点
1.SUM,AVG,一般用于处理数值型。MAX,MIN,MIN,COUNT计数,可以处理任何类型
2.以上分组函数都忽略NULL值
3.和DISTINCT搭配,(去重)
SELECT SUM(DISTINCT salary),COUNT(DISTINCT salary)
FROM `employees`;
4.count()函数(常用)
SELECT COUNT(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees;#一般用于统计行数
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM employees;#统计1的个数,有多山行,就有多少个1
5.和分组函数一同查询的字段有限制
SELECT SUM(salary),employee_id
FROM employees;
测试
1.查询公司员工工资的最大值,最小值,平均值,总和。
SELECT MAX(salary),MIN(salary),ROUND(AVG(salary),2),SUM(salary)
FROM employees;
2.查询员工表中的最大入职时间和最小入职时间的相差天(DIFFRENCE)
SELECT DATEDIFF(MAX(`hiredate`),MIN(`hiredate`))
FROM employees;
#注:datadiff(日期1,日期2) 可以计算相差的天数
3.查询部门编号为90的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*) AS 个数
FROM employees
WHERE `department_id`=90;
进阶5 分组查询
#引入:查询每个部门的平均工资
语法
SELECT 分组函数,列(出现在GROUP BY的后面)
FROM 表
WHERE 筛选条件
GROUP BY 分组的列表
注意:
查询列表必须特殊,要求是分组函数和GROUP BY后出现的字段
特点:
1、分组查询中的筛选条件分为两类
数据源 | 位置 | 关键字 | |
分组前筛选 | 原始表 | GROUP BY子句的前面 | WHERE |
分组后筛选 | 分组后的结果集 | GROUP BY子句的后面 | HAVING |
2.分组函数做条件肯定是放在HAVING子句中
3.能用分组前筛选的,就优先考虑使用分组
4.GROUP BY子句支持单个字段分组,多个字段分组(多个字段之间用逗号隔开没有顺序要求)
5.也可以添加排序(排序放在整个分组查询的最后)
案例1:查询每个工种的最高工资
SELECT MAX(`salary`),`job_id`
FROM employees
GROUP BY `job_id`;
案例2:查询每个位置上的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*),`location_id`
FROM `departments`
GROUP BY `location_id`;
案例3:查询邮箱中包含a字符的,每个部门的平均工资
SELECT ROUND(AVG(`salary`),2) AS 平均工资,`department_id`
FROM `employees`
WHERE `email` LIKE "%a%"
GROUP BY `department_id`;
案例4:查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的最高工资
SELECT MAX(`salary`) AS 最高工资,`manager_id`
FROM `employees`
WHERE `commission_pct` IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY `manager_id`;
#分组后筛选
案例5:查询哪个部门的员工个数>2
#①查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*),`department_id`
FROM employees
GROUP BY `department_id`;
#②根据①的结果进行筛选,查询哪个部门的员工个数>2
SELECT COUNT(*),`department_id`
FROM employees
GROUP BY `department_id`
HAVING COUNT(*)>2;
#Having的本质和where一样,是用来进行数据条件筛选。
#Having是在group by子句之后:可以针对分组数据进行统计筛选,但是where不行
案例6:查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资
SELECT MAX(`salary`) AS 最高工资,`job_id`
FROM `employees`
WHERE `commission_pct` IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY `job_id`
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;
案例7:查询领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资>5000的领导编号是哪个,以及其最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary) AS 最低工资,`manager_id` AS 领导编号
FROM employees
WHERE `manager_id`>102
GROUP BY `manager_id`
HAVING MIN(salary)>5000;
#按表达式或者函数分组
案例:按员工姓名的长度分组,查询每一组的员工个数,筛选员工个数>5的有哪些
SELECT COUNT(*),`employee_id`
FROM `employees`
GROUP BY LENGTH(`last_name`)
HAVING COUNT(*)>5;
#按多个字段分组
案例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary) AS 平均工资,`department_id`,`job_id`
FROM employees
GROUP BY `department_id`,`job_id`;
#添加排序
案例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资,平均工资大于10000的
并且部门编号不为NULL,和按平均工资的高低显示
SELECT AVG(salary) AS 平均工资,`department_id`,`job_id`
FROM employees
WHERE `department_id` IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY `department_id`,`job_id`
HAVING AVG(salary)>10000
ORDER BY AVG(salary);
测试
1.查询各job_id的员工工资的最大值,最小值,平均值,总和,并按job_id升序
SELECT MAX(salary),MIN(salary),AVG(salary),SUM(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY job_id;
2.查询员工最高工资和最低工资的差距(DIFFERENCE)
SELECT MAX(salary)-MIN(salary) AS 差距
FROM employees
3.查询各个管理者手下员工的最低工资,其中最低工资不能低于6000,没有管理者的员工不计算在内
SELECT MIN(salary),`manager_id`
FROM employees
WHERE `manager_id` IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY `manager_id`
HAVING MIN(salary)>=6000;
4.查询所有部门的编号,员工数量和工资平均值,并按平均工资降序
SELECT COUNT(*),`department_id`,AVG(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY `department_id`
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC;
5.选择具有各个job_id的员工人数
SELECT COUNT(*) AS 员工个数,`job_id`
FROM `employees`
GROUP BY `job_id`;
待