前言:
在回归测试阶段,UI测试,兼容测试是测试的必要步骤。UI自动化的本身是比较冗余的测试,但是换个角度思考,UI自动化同时连接多台设备,那么在回归测试时,在同一个脚本下产生的测试结果是非常有价值的。
不同设备在并发下的测试结果可以为我们提供:
1. 兼容性测试(不同的手机品牌,Android版本, 分辨率等)
2. 性能测试(通过安装Emmagee,监控不同手机在同脚本下,性能的变化)
3. 界面对比(通过图像识别opencv,截图对比等 查看在相同页面的变化)
思路:
1. 启动多路appium服务
2. 启动并连接多路手机端
3. 运行并生成测试报告
问题:
1. python的unittest框架和java不同,不支持参数传入,可以通过重写unittest.TestCase的init添加参数
2. appium 通过命令行启动,需要安装非desktop的版本,且最好安装1.9版本appium,1.0我启动不了
框架代码截取:
1. 重写unittest的初始化函数
class ParametrizedCase(unittest.TestCase):
def __init__(self, methodName='runTest', param=None):
super(ParametrizedCase, self).__init__(methodName)
global devices
devices = param
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
cls.driver = connect_device(devices)
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
cls.driver.close_app()
cls.driver.quit()
2. 封装启动appium的服务方法:
基于 appium 的启动命令
appium -p -bp -U
封装多线程启动
class AppiumServer:
def __init__(self, kwargs=None):
self.kwargs = kwargs
def start_server(self):
"""start the appium server
"""
for i in range(0, len(self.kwargs)):
cmd = "appium --session-override -p %s -bp %s -U %s" % (
self.kwargs[i]["port"], self.kwargs[i]["bport"], self.kwargs[i]["devices"])
print(cmd)
if platform.system() == "Windows": # windows下启动server
t1 = RunServer(cmd)
p = Process(target=t1.start())
p.start()
while True:
print("--------start_win_server-------------")
if self.win_is_runnnig("http://127.0.0.1:" + self.kwargs[i]["port"] + "/wd/hub" + "/status"):
print("-------win_server_ 成功--------------")
break
else:
appium = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, bufsize=1,
close_fds=True)
while True:
appium_line = appium.stdout.readline().strip().decode()
time.sleep(1)
print("---------start_server----------")
if 'listener started' in appium_line or 'Error: listen' in appium_line:
print("----server_ 成功---")
break
def win_is_runnnig(self, url):
"""Determine whether server is running
:return:True or False
"""
response = None
time.sleep(1)
try:
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=5)
if str(response.getcode()).startswith("2"):
return True
else:
return False
except URLError:
return False
except socket.timeout:
return False
finally:
if response:
response.close()
def stop_server(self, devices):
sysstr = platform.system()
if sysstr == 'Windows':
os.popen("taskkill /f /im node.exe")
else:
for device in devices:
# mac
cmd = "lsof -i :{0}".format(device["port"])
plist = os.popen(cmd).readlines()
plisttmp = plist[1].split(" ")
plists = plisttmp[1].split(" ")
# print plists[0]
os.popen("kill -9 {0}".format(plists[0]))
class RunServer(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, cmd):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.cmd = cmd
def run(self):
os.system(self.cmd)
3. 封装连接Android设备的方法:
def connect_device(devices):
desired_caps = {}
desired_caps['platformVersion'] = devices["platformVersion"]
desired_caps['platformName'] = devices["platformName"]
desired_caps["automationName"] = devices['automationName']
desired_caps['deviceName'] = devices["deviceName"]
desired_caps["appPackage"] = devices["appPackage"]
desired_caps["appActivity"] = devices["appActivity"]
desired_caps["noReset"] = True
desired_caps['noSign'] = True
desired_caps["unicodeKeyboard"] = True
desired_caps["resetKeyboard"] = True
desired_caps["systemPort"] = devices["systemPort"]
# desired_caps['app'] = devices["app"]
remote = "http://127.0.0.1:" + str(devices["port"]) + "/wd/hub"
# remote = "http://127.0.0.1:" + "4723" + "/wd/hub"
driver = webdriver.Remote(remote, desired_caps)
return driver
4. 多线程启动服务和多线程连接多终端,生成日志报告
def runnerPool(getDevices):
devices_Pool = []
for i in range(0, len(getDevices)):
_initApp = {}
_initApp["deviceName"] = getDevices[i]["devices"]
_initApp["platformVersion"] = getPhoneInfo(devices=_initApp["deviceName"])["release"]
_initApp["platformName"] = "Android"
_initApp["port"] = getDevices[i]["port"]
_initApp["automationName"] = "UiAutomator2"
_initApp["systemPort"] = getDevices[i]["systemPort"]
_initApp["appPackage"] = 'cn.vsx.vc'
_initApp["appActivity"] = '.activity.RegistActivity'
devices_Pool.append(_initApp)
print(f'devices pool are {devices_Pool}')
with ProcessPoolExecutor(len(devices_Pool)) as pool:
pool.map(runnerCaseApp, devices_Pool)
def runnerCaseApp(devices):
suite = unittest.TestSuite()
suite.addTest(ParametrizedCase.parametrize(group_call, param=devices)) # 加入测试类
now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S')
result = BeautifulReport(suite)
result.report(filename=now + f"_{devices['deviceName'].split(':', 1)[0]}.html", log_path='E:\\TestReports\\',
description=f"{devices['deviceName'].split(':', 1)[0]}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
devices = attached_devices()
if len(devices) > 0:
l_devices = []
for dev in devices:
app = {}
app["devices"] = dev
app["port"] = str(random.randint(4700, 4900))
app["bport"] = str(random.randint(4700, 4900))
app["systemPort"] = random.randint(4700, 4900)
l_devices.append(app)
print(f'list of server:{l_devices}')
appium_server = AppiumServer(l_devices)
appium_server.start_server()
runnerPool(l_devices)
appium_server.stop_server(l_devices)
else:
print("没有可用的安卓设备")
以上为大体的运行思路,只截取部分代码,其他的缺失代码可自行思考
思路扩展:
1. unittest框架希望升级成pytest框架更灵活,支持的插件也更多。
2. allure报告支持pytest,更详细美观且可支持Jenkins持续集成
3. 可替换appium为阿里的macaca
(全平台支持,不限制移动端
更专业的 Node 模块开发和封装
驱动更加快速、稳定
本地到持续集成的方案提供
技术栈更新更快
协议更自由 MIT
全面的技术支持
在国内社区更有优势) 当然 appium也不错,实在下载不了就考虑macaca
4. atx uiautomator2 的模式也可以参考,优势在于可通过WiFi进行多手机并发