java-web获取客户端真实IP
场景：服务器端接受客户端请求的时候，一般需要进行签名验证，客户端IP限定等情况，在进行客户端IP限定的时候，需要先获取该真实的IP。
方式一、客户端未经过代理，直接访问服务器端(nginx,squid,haproxy)；
方式二、客户端通过多级代理，最终到达服务器端(nginx,squid,haproxy)；
客户端请求信息都包含在HttpServletRequest中，可以通过方法getRemoteAddr()获取该客户端IP。
方式一形式，可以直接获得该用户真实IP。
方式二中通过代理的形式，此时经过多次反向代理，通过方法getRemoteAddr()得不到客户端真实IP，可以通过x-forwarded-for获得转发后的请求信息。当客户端请求被转发，IP将会追加在其后以逗号隔开，例如：10.47.103.13,4.2.2.2,10.96.112.230。
请求中的参数：
request.getHeader(“x-forwarded-for”) : 10.47.103.13,4.2.2.2,10.96.112.230
request.getHeader(“X-Real-IP”) : 10.47.103.13
request.getRemoteAddr():10.96.112.230
客户端访问经过转发，IP将会追加在其后并以逗号隔开。最终准确的客户端信息为：
x-forwarded-for 不为空，则为逗号前第一个IP ；
X-Real-IP不为空，则为该IP ；
否则为getRemoteAddr() ；
相关请求头的解释：
X-Forwarded-For ：这是一个 Squid 开发的字段，只有在通过了HTTP代理或者负载均衡服务器时才会添加该项。格式为X-Forwarded-For:client1,proxy1,proxy2，一般情况下，第一个ip为客户端真实ip，后面的为经过的代理服务器ip。现在大部分的代理都会加上这个请求头。
Proxy-Client-IP/WL- Proxy-Client-IP ：这个一般是经过apache http服务器的请求才会有，用apache http做代理时一般会加上Proxy-Client-IP请求头，而WL-Proxy-Client-IP是他的weblogic插件加上的头。
HTTP_CLIENT_IP ：有些代理服务器会加上此请求头。
X-Real-IP ：nginx代理一般会加上此请求头。
/**
* 获取用户真实IP地址，不使用request.getRemoteAddr()的原因是有可能用户使用了代理软件方式避免真实IP地址,
* 可是，如果通过了多级反向代理的话，X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一个，而是一串IP值
*
* @return ip
*/
public static String getIPAddr(){
HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest();
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if(ip != null && ip.length() != 0 && !"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)){
// 多次反向代理后会有多个ip值，第一个ip才是真实ip
if(ip.indexOf(",") != -1){
ip = ip.split(",")[0];
}
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
return ip;
}import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* IP校验
*/
public class IPUtils {
public static String getClientAddress(HttpServletRequest request) {
if (request == null) {
return "unknown";
}
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
return ip.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1") ? "127.0.0.1" : ip;
}
}public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request){
String ipAddress = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
ipAddress = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
ipAddress = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
ipAddress = request.getRemoteAddr();
if(ipAddress.equals("127.0.0.1") || ipAddress.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")){
//根据网卡取本机配置的IP
InetAddress inet=null;
try {
inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
ipAddress= inet.getHostAddress();
}
}
//对于通过多个代理的情况，第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照','分割
if(ipAddress!=null && ipAddress.length()>15){ //"***.***.***.***".length() = 15
if(ipAddress.indexOf(",")>0){
ipAddress = ipAddress.substring(0,ipAddress.indexOf(","));
}
}
return ipAddress;
}太平洋网络IP地址查询Web接口：http://whois.pconline.com.cn/
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* 根据IP地址获取详细的地域信息 第一个方法是传入ip获取真实地址 最后一个方法是获取访问者真实ip 即使通过Nginx多层代理也可以获取
*/
public class AddressUtils {
public static String getAddresses(String content, String encodingString) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
// 这里调用pconline的接口
String urlStr = "http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php";
// 从http://whois.pconline.com.cn取得IP所在的省市区信息
String returnStr = getResult(urlStr, content, encodingString);
if (returnStr != null) {
// 处理返回的省市区信息
System.out.println(returnStr);
String[] temp = returnStr.split(",");
if (temp.length < 3) {
return "0";// 无效IP，局域网测试
}
String country = "";
String area = "";
String region = "";
String city = "";
String county = "";
String isp = "";
for (int i = 0; i < temp.length; i++) {
switch (i) {
case 1:
country = (temp[i].split(":"))[2].replaceAll("\"", "");
country = decodeUnicode(country);// 国家
break;
// case 3:
// area = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
// area =decodeUnicode(area);//地区
// break;
case 5:
region = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
region = decodeUnicode(region);// 省份
break;
case 7:
city = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
city = decodeUnicode(city);// 市区
break;
case 9:
county = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
county = decodeUnicode(county);// 地区
break;
case 11:
isp = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
isp = decodeUnicode(isp);// ISP公司
break;
}
}
System.out.println(country + area + "=" + region + "=" + city + "=" + county + "=" + isp);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(country).append(region).append(city).append(county).append(" ")
.append(isp);
return sb.toString();
}
return null;
}
/**
* @param urlStr 请求的地址
* @param content 请求的参数 格式为：name=xxx&pwd=xxx
* @param encoding 服务器端请求编码。如GBK,UTF-8等
* @return
*/
private static String getResult(String urlStr, String content, String encoding) {
URL url = null;
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
url = new URL(urlStr);
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();// 新建连接实例
connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);// 设置连接超时时间，单位毫秒
connection.setReadTimeout(3000);// 设置读取数据超时时间，单位毫秒
connection.setDoOutput(true);// 是否打开输出流 true|false
connection.setDoInput(true);// 是否打开输入流true|false
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");// 提交方法POST|GET
connection.setUseCaches(false);// 是否缓存true|false
connection.connect();// 打开连接端口
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());// 打开输出流往对端服务器写数据
out.writeBytes(content);// 写数据(提交表单)
out.flush();// 刷新
out.close();// 关闭输出流
// 往对端写完数据对端服务器返回数据,以BufferedReader流来读取
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), encoding));
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
String line = "";
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(line);
}
reader.close();
return buffer.toString();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (connection != null) {
connection.disconnect();// 关闭连接
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* unicode 转换成 中文
*/
public static String decodeUnicode(String theString) {
char aChar;
int len = theString.length();
StringBuffer outBuffer = new StringBuffer(len);
for (int x = 0; x < len;) {
aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
if (aChar == '\\') {
aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
if (aChar == 'u') {
int value = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
switch (aChar) {
case '0':
case '1':
case '2':
case '3':
case '4':
case '5':
case '6':
case '7':
case '8':
case '9':
value = (value << 4) + aChar - '0';
break;
case 'a':
case 'b':
case 'c':
case 'd':
case 'e':
case 'f':
value = (value << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'a';
break;
case 'A':
case 'B':
case 'C':
case 'D':
case 'E':
case 'F':
value = (value << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'A';
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed encoding.");
}
}
outBuffer.append((char) value);
} else {
if (aChar == 't') {
aChar = '\t';
} else if (aChar == 'r') {
aChar = '\r';
} else if (aChar == 'n') {
aChar = '\n';
} else if (aChar == 'f') {
aChar = '\f';
}
outBuffer.append(aChar);
}
} else {
outBuffer.append(aChar);
}
}
return outBuffer.toString();
}
// 测试
public static void main(String[] args) {
AddressUtils addressUtils = new AddressUtils();
/**
* 测试IP：111.121.72.101 中国贵州省贵阳市 电信
*/
String ip = "111.121.72.101";
String address = "";
try {
address = addressUtils.getAddresses("ip=" + ip, "utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(address);//中国贵州省贵阳市 电信
}
}
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