Java-Web获取客户端真实IP：
发生的场景：服务器端接收客户端请求的时候，一般需要进行签名验证，客户端IP限定等情况，在进行客户端IP限定的时候，需要首先获取该真实的IP。
一般分为两种情况：
方式一、客户端未经过代理，直接访问服务器端(nginx,squid,haproxy)；
方式二、客户端通过多级代理，最终到达服务器端(nginx,squid,haproxy)；
客户端请求信息都包含在HttpServletRequest中，可以通过方法getRemoteAddr()获得该客户端IP。
方式一形式，可以直接获得该客户端真实IP。
方式二中通过代理的形式，此时经过多级反向的代理，通过方法getRemoteAddr()得不到客户端真实IP，可以通过x-forwarded-for获得转发后请求信息。当客户端请求被转发，IP将会追加在其后并以逗号隔开，例如：10.47.103.13,4.2.2.2,10.96.112.230。
请求中的参数：
request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for") : 10.47.103.13,4.2.2.2,10.96.112.230
request.getHeader("X-Real-IP") : 10.47.103.13
request.getRemoteAddr():10.96.112.230
客户端访问经过转发，IP将会追加在其后并以逗号隔开。最终准确的客户端信息为：
- x-forwarded-for 不为空，则为逗号前第一个IP ；
- X-Real-IP不为空，则为该IP ；
- 否则为getRemoteAddr() ；
相关请求头的解释：
- X-Forwarded-For ：这是一个 Squid 开发的字段，只有在通过了HTTP代理或者负载均衡服务器时才会添加该项。
格式为X-Forwarded-For:client1,proxy1,proxy2，一般情况下，第一个ip为客户端真实ip，后面的为经过的代理服务器ip。现在大部分的代理都会加上这个请求头。
- Proxy-Client-IP/WL- Proxy-Client-IP ：这个一般是经过apache http服务器的请求才会有，用apache http做代理时一般会加上Proxy-Client-IP请求头，而WL-Proxy-Client-IP是他的weblogic插件加上的头。
- HTTP_CLIENT_IP ：有些代理服务器会加上此请求头。
- X-Real-IP ：nginx代理一般会加上此请求头。
1 /**
2 * 获取用户真实IP地址，不使用request.getRemoteAddr()的原因是有可能用户使用了代理软件方式避免真实IP地址,
3 * 可是，如果通过了多级反向代理的话，X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一个，而是一串IP值
4 */
5 private String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
6 String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
7 System.out.println("x-forwarded-for ip: " + ip);
8 if (ip != null && ip.length() != 0 && !"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
9 // 多次反向代理后会有多个ip值，第一个ip才是真实ip
10 if( ip.indexOf(",")!=-1 ){
11 ip = ip.split(",")[0];
12 }
13 }
14 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
15 ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
16 System.out.println("Proxy-Client-IP ip: " + ip);
17 }
18 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
19 ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
20 System.out.println("WL-Proxy-Client-IP ip: " + ip);
21 }
22 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
23 ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
24 System.out.println("HTTP_CLIENT_IP ip: " + ip);
25 }
26 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
27 ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
28 System.out.println("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR ip: " + ip);
29 }
30 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
31 ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
32 System.out.println("X-Real-IP ip: " + ip);
33 }
34 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
35 ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
36 System.out.println("getRemoteAddr ip: " + ip);
37 }
38 System.out.println("获取客户端ip: " + ip);
39 return ip;
40 }
1 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
2
3 /**
4 * IP校验
5 */
6 public class IPUtils {
7
8 public static String getClientAddress(HttpServletRequest request) {
9 if (request == null) {
10 return "unknown";
11 }
12 String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
13 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
14 ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
15 }
16 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
17 ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
18 }
19 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
20 ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
21 }
22 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
23 ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
24 }
25
26 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
27 ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
28 }
29 return ip.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1") ? "127.0.0.1" : ip;
30 }
31
32 }1 public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request){
2 String ipAddress = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
3 if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
4 ipAddress = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
5 }
6 if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
7 ipAddress = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
8 }
9 if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
10 ipAddress = request.getRemoteAddr();
11 if(ipAddress.equals("127.0.0.1") || ipAddress.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")){
12 //根据网卡取本机配置的IP
13 InetAddress inet=null;
14 try {
15 inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
16 } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
17 e.printStackTrace();
18 }
19 ipAddress= inet.getHostAddress();
20 }
21 }
22 //对于通过多个代理的情况，第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照','分割
23 if(ipAddress!=null && ipAddress.length()>15){ //"***.***.***.***".length() = 15
24 if(ipAddress.indexOf(",")>0){
25 ipAddress = ipAddress.substring(0,ipAddress.indexOf(","));
26 }
27 }
28 return ipAddress;
29 }
太平洋网络IP地址查询Web接口：http://whois.pconline.com.cn/
1 import java.io.BufferedReader;
2 import java.io.DataOutputStream;
3 import java.io.IOException;
4 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
5 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
6 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
7 import java.net.URL;
8
9 /**
10 * 根据IP地址获取详细的地域信息 第一个方法是传入ip获取真实地址 最后一个方法是获取访问者真实ip 即使通过Nginx多层代理也可以获取
11 */
12 public class AddressUtils {
13
14 public static String getAddresses(String content, String encodingString) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
15 // 这里调用pconline的接口
16 String urlStr = "http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php";
17 // 从http://whois.pconline.com.cn取得IP所在的省市区信息
18 String returnStr = getResult(urlStr, content, encodingString);
19 if (returnStr != null) {
20 // 处理返回的省市区信息
21 System.out.println(returnStr);
22 String[] temp = returnStr.split(",");
23 if (temp.length < 3) {
24 return "0";// 无效IP，局域网测试
25 }
26 String country = "";
27 String area = "";
28 String region = "";
29 String city = "";
30 String county = "";
31 String isp = "";
32 for (int i = 0; i < temp.length; i++) {
33 switch (i) {
34 case 1:
35 country = (temp[i].split(":"))[2].replaceAll("\"", "");
36 country = decodeUnicode(country);// 国家
37 break;
38 // case 3:
39 // area = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
40 // area =decodeUnicode(area);//地区
41 // break;
42 case 5:
43 region = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
44 region = decodeUnicode(region);// 省份
45 break;
46 case 7:
47 city = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
48 city = decodeUnicode(city);// 市区
49 break;
50 case 9:
51 county = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
52 county = decodeUnicode(county);// 地区
53 break;
54 case 11:
55 isp = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
56 isp = decodeUnicode(isp);// ISP公司
57 break;
58 }
59 }
60 System.out.println(country + area + "=" + region + "=" + city + "=" + county + "=" + isp);
61 StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(country).append(region).append(city).append(county).append(" ")
62 .append(isp);
63 return sb.toString();
64 }
65 return null;
66 }
67
68 /**
69 * @param urlStr 请求的地址
70 * @param content 请求的参数 格式为：name=xxx&pwd=xxx
71 * @param encoding 服务器端请求编码。如GBK,UTF-8等
72 * @return
73 */
74 private static String getResult(String urlStr, String content, String encoding) {
75 URL url = null;
76 HttpURLConnection connection = null;
77 try {
78 url = new URL(urlStr);
79 connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();// 新建连接实例
80 connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);// 设置连接超时时间，单位毫秒
81 connection.setReadTimeout(3000);// 设置读取数据超时时间，单位毫秒
82 connection.setDoOutput(true);// 是否打开输出流 true|false
83 connection.setDoInput(true);// 是否打开输入流true|false
84 connection.setRequestMethod("POST");// 提交方法POST|GET
85 connection.setUseCaches(false);// 是否缓存true|false
86 connection.connect();// 打开连接端口
87 DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());// 打开输出流往对端服务器写数据
88 out.writeBytes(content);// 写数据(提交表单)
89 out.flush();// 刷新
90 out.close();// 关闭输出流
91 // 往对端写完数据对端服务器返回数据,以BufferedReader流来读取
92 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), encoding));
93 StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
94 String line = "";
95 while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
96 buffer.append(line);
97 }
98 reader.close();
99 return buffer.toString();
100 } catch (IOException e) {
101 e.printStackTrace();
102 } finally {
103 if (connection != null) {
104 connection.disconnect();// 关闭连接
105 }
106 }
107 return null;
108 }
109
110 /**
111 * unicode 转换成 中文
112 */
113 public static String decodeUnicode(String theString) {
114 char aChar;
115 int len = theString.length();
116 StringBuffer outBuffer = new StringBuffer(len);
117 for (int x = 0; x < len;) {
118 aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
119 if (aChar == '\\') {
120 aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
121 if (aChar == 'u') {
122 int value = 0;
123 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
124 aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
125 switch (aChar) {
126 case '0':
127 case '1':
128 case '2':
129 case '3':
130 case '4':
131 case '5':
132 case '6':
133 case '7':
134 case '8':
135 case '9':
136 value = (value << 4) + aChar - '0';
137 break;
138 case 'a':
139 case 'b':
140 case 'c':
141 case 'd':
142 case 'e':
143 case 'f':
144 value = (value << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'a';
145 break;
146 case 'A':
147 case 'B':
148 case 'C':
149 case 'D':
150 case 'E':
151 case 'F':
152 value = (value << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'A';
153 break;
154 default:
155 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed encoding.");
156 }
157 }
158 outBuffer.append((char) value);
159 } else {
160 if (aChar == 't') {
161 aChar = '\t';
162 } else if (aChar == 'r') {
163 aChar = '\r';
164 } else if (aChar == 'n') {
165 aChar = '\n';
166 } else if (aChar == 'f') {
167 aChar = '\f';
168 }
169 outBuffer.append(aChar);
170 }
171 } else {
172 outBuffer.append(aChar);
173 }
174 }
175 return outBuffer.toString();
176 }
177
178 // 测试
179 public static void main(String[] args) {
180 AddressUtils addressUtils = new AddressUtils();
181
182 /**
183 * 测试IP：111.121.72.101 中国贵州省贵阳市 电信
184 */
185 String ip = "111.121.72.101";
186 String address = "";
187 try {
188 address = addressUtils.getAddresses("ip=" + ip, "utf-8");
189 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
190 e.printStackTrace();
191 } catch (Exception e) {
192 e.printStackTrace();
193 }
194 System.out.println(address);//中国贵州省贵阳市 电信
195 }
196 }
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