这两天客户提出来,我们的平板cat /proc/cpuinfo出来的信息中的serial怎么是0.
客户就是上帝啊,没办法,分析找问题贝。
我们先看一下目前的cat /proc/cpuinfo的信息:
Processor : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 799.53
Features : swp half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x2
CPU part : 0xc08
CPU revision : 5Hardware : Freescale MX51 F101 Board
Revision : 51030
Serial : 0000000000000000我们找到kernel中的cpuinfo的文件,路径在fs/proc/cpuinfo.c 。
我们首先看一下它的init函数:
static int __init proc_cpuinfo_init(void)
{
proc_create(“cpuinfo”, 0, NULL, &proc_cpuinfo_operations);
return 0;
}
嗯,很明星,我们cat /proc/cpuinfo的文件就是在该init中创建的。我们注意到创建该文件时传入了fops。我们再看一下proc_cpuinfo_operations这个fops定义:
static const struct file_operations proc_cpuinfo_operations = {
.open = cpuinfo_open,
.read = seq_read,
.llseek = seq_lseek,
.release = seq_release,
};
我们执行cat /proc/cpuinfo时实际就是执行了open和read这两个函数。
我们下面分别分析一下open和read分别做了什么事情。
1,open
open定义如下:
static int cpuinfo_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
return seq_open(file, &cpuinfo_op);
}
我们发现调用open的时候传入了cpuinfo_op这个结构。这个结构就是cpuinfo的实际操作方法。这个cpuinfo_op是每种cpu架构都必须特别定义的。我们用的是arm架构,我们找到它的定义:
arch/arm/kernel/setup.c :
const struct seq_operations cpuinfo_op = {
.start = c_start,
.next = c_next,
.stop = c_stop,
.show = c_show
};
我们知道这个结构体后,我们继续看open,
int seq_open(struct file *file, const struct seq_operations *op)
{
struct seq_file *p = file->private_data;
if (!p) { //如果file->private_data为空,则为它申请空间
p = kmalloc(sizeof(*p), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!p)
return -ENOMEM;
file->private_data = p;
}
memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));//清0
mutex_init(&p->lock); //初始化mutex
p->op = op; //将上面传进来的cpuinfo_op赋值给file
file->f_version = 0;
file->f_mode &= ~FMODE_PWRITE;
return 0;
}
我们看到seq_open的主要作用是将ops保持到file->private_data中。
2,read
我们上面说cat /proc/cpuinfo就相对于执行open和read,我们下面来看看热啊的。
ssize_t seq_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
struct seq_file *m = (struct seq_file *)file->private_data;//看清楚了,把刚才上面open中的cpuinfo_op取出来了!下面就可以使用这个结构里面的方法了!
size_t copied = 0;
loff_t pos;
size_t n;
void *p;
int err = 0;
mutex_lock(&m->lock);
......
pos = m->index;
p = m->op->start(m, &pos);//执行cpuinfo_op中的start方法
while (1) {
err = PTR_ERR(p);
if (!p || IS_ERR(p))
break;
err = m->op->show(m, p);//执行cpuinfo_op中show方法
if (err < 0)
break;
if (unlikely(err))
m->count = 0;
if (unlikely(!m->count)) {
p = m->op->next(m, p, &pos);
m->index = pos;
continue;
}
if (m->count < m->size)
goto Fill;
m->op->stop(m, p);
kfree(m->buf);
m->buf = kmalloc(m->size <<= 1, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!m->buf)
goto Enomem;
m->count = 0;
m->version = 0;
pos = m->index;
p = m->op->start(m, &pos);
}
m->op->stop(m, p);
......
}
我们看到read方法中主要执行了cpuinfo_op中方法:
const struct seq_operations cpuinfo_op = {
.start = c_start,
.next = c_next,
.stop = c_stop,
.show = c_show
};
我们下面一个一个来分析,
static void *c_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
{
return *pos < 1 ? (void *)1 : NULL;
}
c_start主要验证文件的位置。
static void *c_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos)
{
++*pos;
return NULL;
}
c_next移动文件位置的指针,指向下一个。
static void c_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
{
}
c_stop没有做事情。static int c_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
{
int i;
/打印cpu的processor,例如例子中的Processor : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)/
seq_printf(m, “Processor\t: %s rev %d (%s)\n”,
cpu_name, read_cpuid_id() & 15, elf_platform);#if defined(CONFIG_SMP)//如果是多核处理器,则分别打印cpu的processor信息和主频信息
for_each_online_cpu(i) {
/*
* glibc reads /proc/cpuinfo to determine the number of
* online processors, looking for lines beginning with
* “processor”. Give glibc what it expects.
/
seq_printf(m, “processor\t: %d\n”, i);
seq_printf(m, “BogoMIPS\t: %lu.%02lu\n\n”,
per_cpu(cpu_data, i).loops_per_jiffy / (500000UL/HZ),
(per_cpu(cpu_data, i).loops_per_jiffy / (5000UL/HZ)) % 100);
}
#else / CONFIG_SMP */
seq_printf(m, “BogoMIPS\t: %lu.%02lu\n”,
loops_per_jiffy / (500000/HZ),
(loops_per_jiffy / (5000/HZ)) % 100);
#endif
/* dump out the processor features */
seq_puts(m, "Features\t: ");//下面打印feature信息
for (i = 0; hwcap_str; i++)
if (elf_hwcap & (1 << i))
seq_printf(m, "%s ", hwcap_str);
seq_printf(m, "\nCPU implementer\t: 0x%02x\n", read_cpuid_id() >> 24);
seq_printf(m, "CPU architecture: %s\n", proc_arch[cpu_architecture()]);
if ((read_cpuid_id() & 0x0008f000) == 0x00000000) {
/* pre-ARM7 */
seq_printf(m, "CPU part\t: %07x\n", read_cpuid_id() >> 4);
} else {
if ((read_cpuid_id() & 0x0008f000) == 0x00007000) {
/* ARM7 */
seq_printf(m, "CPU variant\t: 0x%02x\n",
(read_cpuid_id() >> 16) & 127);
} else {
/* post-ARM7 */
seq_printf(m, "CPU variant\t: 0x%x\n",
(read_cpuid_id() >> 20) & 15);
}
seq_printf(m, "CPU part\t: 0x%03x\n",
(read_cpuid_id() >> 4) & 0xfff);
}
seq_printf(m, "CPU revision\t: %d\n", read_cpuid_id() & 15);
seq_puts(m, "\n");
seq_printf(m, "Hardware\t: %s\n", machine_name);
seq_printf(m, "Revision\t: %04x\n", system_rev);
seq_printf(m, "Serial\t\t: %08x%08x\n",
system_serial_high, system_serial_low);//这里我们终于看到serial打印的地方了。我们发现主要打印 system_serial_high,和system_serial_low两个变量的值。如果没有赋值,则打印0。我们要做的工作就是为这两个变量赋 值。
return 0;
}
好了,问题分析差不多了,下面就是实现它。这个值就是cpu的uuid,Unique ID是芯片的唯一的ID,是芯片的产线上的信息。每个芯片都有不同的值,每种芯片都有不一样的方法去读。
我们平板用的是imx51,以imx51为例子,它是通过IIM读Fuse的数据。地址是:(0x83F98000 + 0x820) ~ (0x83F98000 + 0x83C),共8个字节。
具体实现,代码奉上:
在driver/char/mxc_iim.c中的probe加上:
/via iim, read cpu UID/
//open iim
iim_data->clk = clk_get(NULL, “iim_clk”);
if (IS_ERR(iim_data->clk)) {
dev_err(iim_data->dev, “No IIM clock defined\n”);
return -ENODEV;
}
clk_enable(iim_data->clk);
mxc_iim_disable_irq();
//read iim
addr = 0x820; //uid start addr
for(i=0;i<32;i+=4){
bank = (addr + i - iim_data->bank_start) >> 10;
row = ((addr + i - iim_data->bank_start) & 0x3ff) >> 2;
dev_dbg(iim_data->dev, "Read fuse at bank:%d row:%d\n",
bank, row);
mutex_lock(&iim_data->mutex);
fuse_val = sense_fuse(bank, row, 0);
serial[i/4] = fuse_val;
mutex_unlock(&iim_data->mutex);
dev_dbg(iim_data->dev, "fuses at addr0x%x(bank:%d, row:%d) = 0x%x\n",
addr + i, bank, row, fuse_val);
}
system_serial_low = ((serial[3]<<24)&0xff000000) + ((serial[2]<<16)&0x00ff0000) + ((serial[1]<<8)&0x0000ff00) + (serial[0]&0x000000ff);
system_serial_high = ((serial[7]<<24)&0xff000000) + ((serial[6]<<16)&0x00ff0000) + ((serial[5]<<8)&0x0000ff00) + (serial[4]&0x000000ff);
dev_info(iim_data->dev, "system_serial_high:0x%x, system_serial_low:0x%x", system_serial_high, system_serial_low);
OK,至此就非常完美地实现了!