java rabbitmq topic 多个消费者消费 rabbitmq多消费者并发

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mob64ca13fbd761 2024-06-17 13:38:30

文章标签 rabbitmq spring boot java spring Erlang 文章分类 Java 后端开发

SPRINGBOOT整合RABBITMQ，实现消息发送和消费以及多个消费者的情况
下载安装Erlang和RabbitMQ
AMQP协议详解与RABBITMQ，MQ消息队列的应用场景，如何避免消息丢失
项目创建和依赖
代码
topic exchange 通配路由中多个消费者的情况
下载安装Erlang和RabbitMQ
AMQP协议详解与RABBITMQ，MQ消息队列的应用场景，如何避免消息丢失
项目创建和依赖
代码
topic exchange 通配路由中多个消费者的情况
下载安装Erlang和RabbitMQ
Erlang和RabbitMQ：

AMQP协议详解与RABBITMQ，MQ消息队列的应用场景，如何避免消息丢失

项目创建和依赖
推荐SpringCloud项目在线创建：https://start.spring.io/

不用上面这个也行，下面有代码和依赖；

gradle的依赖，和maven差不多：

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buildscript {
 ext {
 springBootVersion = ‘2.1.1.RELEASE’
 }
 repositories {
 mavenCentral()
 }
 dependencies {
 classpath(“org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}”)
 }
 }apply plugin: ‘java’
 apply plugin: ‘eclipse’
 apply plugin: ‘org.springframework.boot’
 apply plugin: ‘io.spring.dependency-management’group = ‘xy.study’
 version = ‘0.0.1-SNAPSHOT’
 sourceCompatibility = 1.8repositories {
 mavenCentral()
 }dependencies {
 implementation(‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-amqp’)
 implementation(‘org.projectlombok:lombok:1.16.+’)
 runtimeOnly(‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-devtools’)
 testImplementation(‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test’)
 }

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代码
配置文件application.properties

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spring.application.name=spring-boot-rabbitmq
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
 spring.rabbitmq.password=guestserver.port = 5678

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RabbitMQ配置文件类（注释的代码可以直接删掉）：

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import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/**

topic 是RabbitMQ中最灵活的一种方式，可以根据routing_key自由的绑定不同的队列
首先对topic规则配置

•  */
 //@Configuration
 public class TopicRabbitConfig {
final public static String QUEUE_NAME = “queue.name”;
 final public static String TEST_TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY = “test.topic.routingKey”;
 final public static String TEST_EXCHANGE_HAHA = “test.exchange.haha”;
/**• 设置交换器的名称
• @return
//
 @Bean
 TopicExchange exchange() {
 return new TopicExchange(TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_EXCHANGE_HAHA);
 }//*
• 队列名称
• @return
//
 @Bean
 public Queue queueMessage() {
 return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.QUEUE_NAME);
 }//*
• 将指定routing key的名称绑定交换器的队列
• @param queueMessage
• @param exchange
• @return
//
 @Bean
 Binding bindingExchangeMessage(Queue queueMessage, TopicExchange exchange) {
 return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessage).to(exchange).with(TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY);
 }*//**
• 匹配以topic开头的路由键routing key
• 交换机绑定多个队列
 *//@Bean
 Binding bindingExchangeMessages(Queue queueMessages, TopicExchange exchange) {
 return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessages).to(exchange).with(“topic.#”);
 }/
 }
 复制代码生产者，这里根据Exchange和Routing Key，直接发送一个字符串：
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 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 import xy.study.rabbitmq.conf.TopicRabbitConfig;@Component
 @Slf4j
 public class HelloSender {

@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;


/**
 * 通过exchange和routingKey的方式
 * rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(String exchange, String routingKey, Object object)
 * @param i
 */
public void send(int i) {
    String context = "hello " + i;
    log.info("Sender : {}", context);
    this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_EXCHANGE_HAHA,TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY, context);
}

}
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消费者，绑定对应的Exchange，Queue和Routing Key，直接打印获取的信息：

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 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
 import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 import xy.study.rabbitmq.conf.TopicRabbitConfig;@Component
 @Slf4j
 public class HelloReceiver {
 @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
 value = @Queue(value = TopicRabbitConfig.QUEUE_NAME, durable = “true”),
 exchange = @Exchange(value = TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_EXCHANGE_HAHA, type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
 key = TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY)
 )
 public void onOrgDeleted(@Payload String msg) {
 log.info(“HelloReceiver msg : {}”,msg);
 }
 }

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测试类，调用生产者发送信息的函数send，消费者会监听消费：

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import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
 import xy.study.rabbitmq.producer.HelloSender;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
 @SpringBootTest
 public class RabbitmqApplicationTests {

@Autowired
private HelloSender sender;

@Test
public void testSend() {
    sender.send(666);
}

}
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如图，控制台日志，能生成消息，并且能被对应的消费者消费。

topic exchange 通配路由中多个消费者的情况
修改消费者的代码如下：

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import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
 import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
 import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 import xy.study.rabbitmq.conf.TopicRabbitConfig;@Component
 @Slf4j
 public class HelloReceiver {

/**
 * 下面四个消费者，exchange和RoutingKey都相同，最后两个消费者队列名都相同
 * @param msg
 */
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
        value = @Queue(value = TopicRabbitConfig.QUEUE_NAME, durable = "true"),
        exchange = @Exchange(value = TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_EXCHANGE_HAHA, type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
        key = TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY)
)
public void queueName(@Payload String msg) {
    log.info("{}-----HelloReceiver msg : {}",TopicRabbitConfig.QUEUE_NAME,msg);
}


@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
        value = @Queue(value = TopicRabbitConfig.QUEUE_NAME+".test", durable = "true"),
        exchange = @Exchange(value = TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_EXCHANGE_HAHA, type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
        key = TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY)
)
public void queueNameTest(@Payload String msg) {
    log.info("{}-----HelloReceiver msg : {}",TopicRabbitConfig.QUEUE_NAME+".test",msg);
}

/**
 * 这里我的消费者队列名"123445"，是乱写的，也能够接受
 * @param msg
 */
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
        value = @Queue(value = 123445+"", durable = "true"),
        exchange = @Exchange(value = TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_EXCHANGE_HAHA, type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
        key = TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY)
)
public void queueNameNumber(@Payload String msg) {
    log.info("{}-----HelloReceiver msg : {}",123445+""+".test",msg);
}

/**
 * 由于这个和上面的Exchange、RoutingKey、queue完全相同，所以这两个消费者，一条消息，只有一个能消费(随机)
 * @param msg
 */
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
        value = @Queue(value = 123445+"", durable = "true"),
        exchange = @Exchange(value = TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_EXCHANGE_HAHA, type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
        key = TopicRabbitConfig.TEST_TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY)
)
public void queueNameNumberSame(@Payload String msg) {
    log.info("same+{}-----HelloReceiver msg : {}",123445+""+".test",msg);
}

}
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再次执行测试，测试结果如下：

上面四个消费者代码，Exchange和RoutingKey都相同，最后两个消费者队列名都相同。
根据结果可知，当Exchange和RoutingKey相同、queue不同时，所有消费者都能消费同样的信息；
当Exchange和RoutingKey、queue都相同时（最后两个消费者），这时候就是round robin, 消费者中只有一个能消费信息，其他消费者都不能消费该信息。

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