一、glance介绍:
Glance是Openstack项目中负责镜像管理的模块,其功能包括虚拟机镜像的查找、注册和检索等。 Glance提供Restful API可以查询虚拟机镜像的metadata及获取镜像。 Glance可以将镜像保存到多种后端存储上,比如简单的文件存储或者对象存储。
1、Image
要理解 Image Service,先得搞清楚什么是 Image 以及为什么要用 Image?
在传统 IT 环境下,安装一个系统要么从安装 CD 从头安装,要么用 Ghost 等克隆工具恢复。这两种方式有如下几个问题:
- 如果要安装的系统多了效率就很低
- 时间长,工作量大
- 安装完还要进行手工配置,比如安装其他的软件,设置 IP 等
- 备份和恢复系统不灵活
云环境下需要更高效的方案,这就是 Image。 Image 是一个模板,里面包含了基本的操作系统和其他的软件。
举例来说,有家公司需要为每位员工配置一套办公用的系统,一般需要一个 Win7 系统再加 MS office 软件。 OpenStack 是这么玩的:
- 先手工安装好这么一个虚机
- 然后对虚机执行 snapshot,这样就得到了一个 image
- 当有新员工入职需要办公环境时,立马启动一个或多个该 image 的 instance(虚机)就可以了
在这个过程中,第 1 步跟传统方式类似,需要手工操作和一定时间,但第 2、3 步非常快,全自动化,一般都是秒级别。而且 2、3 步可以循环做。 比如公司新上了一套 OA 系统,每个员工的 PC 上都得有客户端软件。 那么可以在某个现有虚机中先手工安装好 OA 客户端,然后执行 snapshot 操作,得到新的 image,以后可以就直接使用新 image 创建虚机了。另外,snapshot 还有备份的作用,能够非常方便的恢复系统。
2、Image Service
Image Service 的功能是管理 Image,让用户能够发现、获取和保存 Image。在 OpenStack 中,提供 Image Service 的是 Glance,其具体功能如下:
- 提供 REST API 让用户能够查询和获取 image 的元数据和 image 本身
- 支持多种方式存储 image,包括普通的文件系统、Swift、Amazon S3 等
- 对 Instance 执行 Snapshot 创建新的 image
3、Glance架构
glance的架构图如下:
4、glance-api
glance-api 是系统后台运行的服务进程。 对外提供 REST API,响应 image 查询、获取和存储的调用。
glance-api 不会真正处理请求。 如果操作是与 image metadata(元数据)相关,glance-api 会把请求转发给 glance-registry; 如果操作是与 image 自身存取相关,glance-api 会把请求转发给该 image 的 store backend。
在控制节点上可以查看 glance-api 进程
5、glance-registry
glance-registry 是系统后台运行的服务进程。 负责处理和存取 image 的 metadata,例如 image 的大小和类型。在控制节点上可以查看 glance-registry 进程
Glance 支持多种格式的 image,包括
6、Database
Image 的 metadata 会保持到 database 中,默认是 MySQL。 在控制节点上可以查看 glance 的 database 信息
7、Store backend
Glance 自己并不存储 image。 真正的 image 是存放在 backend 中的。 Glance 支持多种 backend,包括:
1. A directory on a local file system(这是默认配置)
2. GridFS
3. Ceph RBD
4. Amazon S3
5. Sheepdog
6. OpenStack Block Storage (Cinder)
7. OpenStack Object Storage (Swift)
8. VMware ESX
具体使用哪种 backend,是在 /etc/glance/glance-api.conf 中配置的
其他 backend 的配置可参考http://docs.openstack.org/liberty/config-reference/content/configuring-image-service-backends.html
查看目前已经存在的 image
查看保存目录
每个 image 在目录下都对应有一个文件,文件以 image 的 ID 命名。
二、glance创建镜像:
OpenStack 为终端用户提供了 Web UI(Horizon)和命令行 CLI 两种交换界面。两种方式我们都要会用。可能有些同学觉得既然有更友好的 Web UI 了,干嘛还要用 CLI? 这里有下面的理由:
1、Web UI 的功能没有 CLI 全,有些操作只提供了 CLI。 即便是都有的功能,CLI 可以使用的参数更多
2、一般来说,CLI 返回结果更快,操作起来更高效
4、CLI 可放在脚本中进行批处理
5、有些耗时的操作 CLI 更合适,比如创建镜像(后面将涉及)
(1)Web UI创建image
(2)CLI创建image
将上传的镜像传到控制节点
执行image上传镜像命令:
openstack image create "cirros" --file cirros-0.3.3-x86_64-disk.img.img --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --public
三、安装配置glance服务(控制节点)
https://docs.openstack.org/ocata/install-guide-rdo/glance-install.html
1、在数据库中创建glance服务的数据库及用户,并设置权限
(1)使用root用户登录数据库
[root@ren3 ~]# mysql -u root -proot
(2)创建glance数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| keystone |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.05 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> create database glance;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| glance |
| information_schema |
| keystone |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(3)创建glance用户并授权
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
| root | ::1 | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
| glance | localhost | *C0CE56F2C0C7234791F36D89700B02691C1CAB8E |
| keystone | localhost | *442DFE587A8B6BE1E9538855E8187C1EFB863A73 |
| keystone | % | *442DFE587A8B6BE1E9538855E8187C1EFB863A73 |
| glance | % | *C0CE56F2C0C7234791F36D89700B02691C1CAB8E |
+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
退出数据库
2、加载OpenStack系统变量文件
[root@ren3 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg openrc yum-repo.sh
[root@ren3 ~]# source openrc
3、创建服务凭证
(1)创建glance用户:
[root@ren3 ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password=glance glance
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id | default |
| enabled | True |
| id | 2807e20f8405473e831602b6b12588c7 |
| name | glance |
| options | {} |
| password_expires_at | None |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
[root@ren3 ~]# openstack user list
+----------------------------------+--------+
| ID | Name |
+----------------------------------+--------+
| 2807e20f8405473e831602b6b12588c7 | glance |
| 372fccfd264c4edfb600af3f56052ec7 | admin |
| 37c7c00d574146e8817413b7a091f594 | demo |
+----------------------------------+--------+
(2)添加admin角色和服务项目到glance用户:
[root@ren3 ~]# openstack role add --project service --user glance admin
(3)创建glance服务
[root@ren3 ~]# openstack service create --name glance \
--description "OpenStack Image" image
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Image |
| enabled | True |
| id | a7cf08799d4b4b509530ae6c21453b08 |
| name | glance |
| type | image |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@ren3 ~]# openstack service list
+----------------------------------+----------+----------+
| ID | Name | Type |
+----------------------------------+----------+----------+
| a7cf08799d4b4b509530ae6c21453b08 | glance | image |
| ab70227ae28c4fb7a774ed4808489e76 | keystone | identity |
+----------------------------------+----------+----------+
4、创建image服务API端点
[root@ren3 ~]# openstack endpoint list
+----------+----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------+
| ID | Region | Service Name | Service Type | Enabled | Interface | URL |
+----------+----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------+
| 26d8cf53 | RegionOn | keystone | identity | True | public | http://r |
| 020e4e2b | e | | | | | en3:5000 |
| a2c1ee0f | | | | | | /v3/ |
| a962137a | | | | | | |
| 721facd6 | RegionOn | keystone | identity | True | internal | http://r |
| 645b4efb | e | | | | | en3:5000 |
| b7fd6956 | | | | | | /v3/ |
| 42c156d4 | | | | | | |
| 91bf5a46 | RegionOn | keystone | identity | True | admin | http://r |
| 04e74aa2 | e | | | | | en3:3535 |
| bb229f96 | | | | | | 7/v3/ |
| 58bddc26 | | | | | | |
+----------+----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------+
[root@ren3 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
image public http://ren3:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | cfe4773e4a3b480e8bdb2062fbdcdd33 |
| interface | public |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | a7cf08799d4b4b509530ae6c21453b08 |
| service_name | glance |
| service_type | image |
| url | http://ren3:9292 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@ren3 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
image internal http://ren3:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 80f23b7a63c1416da77841119d5b5169 |
| interface | internal |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | a7cf08799d4b4b509530ae6c21453b08 |
| service_name | glance |
| service_type | image |
| url | http://ren3:9292 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@ren3 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
image admin http://ren3:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | a80b58f2db9c4aea9b8748914d16d028 |
| interface | admin |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | a7cf08799d4b4b509530ae6c21453b08 |
| service_name | glance |
| service_type | image |
| url | http://ren3:9292 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@ren3 ~]# openstack endpoint list
+----------+----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------+
| ID | Region | Service Name | Service Type | Enabled | Interface | URL |
+----------+----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------+
| 26d8cf53 | RegionOn | keystone | identity | True | public | http://r |
| 020e4e2b | e | | | | | en3:5000 |
| a2c1ee0f | | | | | | /v3/ |
| a962137a | | | | | | |
| 721facd6 | RegionOn | keystone | identity | True | internal | http://r |
| 645b4efb | e | | | | | en3:5000 |
| b7fd6956 | | | | | | /v3/ |
| 42c156d4 | | | | | | |
| 80f23b7a | RegionOn | glance | image | True | internal | http://r |
| 63c1416d | e | | | | | en3:9292 |
| a7784111 | | | | | | |
| 9d5b5169 | | | | | | |
| 91bf5a46 | RegionOn | keystone | identity | True | admin | http://r |
| 04e74aa2 | e | | | | | en3:3535 |
| bb229f96 | | | | | | 7/v3/ |
| 58bddc26 | | | | | | |
| a80b58f2 | RegionOn | glance | image | True | admin | http://r |
| db9c4aea | e | | | | | en3:9292 |
| 9b874891 | | | | | | |
| 4d16d028 | | | | | | |
| cfe4773e | RegionOn | glance | image | True | public | http://r |
| 4a3b480e | e | | | | | en3:9292 |
| 8bdb2062 | | | | | | |
| fbdcdd33 | | | | | | |
+----------+----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------+
5、安装glance软件包
[root@ren3 ~]# yum install openstack-glance -y
6、编辑/etc/glance/glance-api.conf文件
(1)在[database]部分,配置数据库访问:
[database]
# ...
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance
(2)在[keystone_authtoken]和[paste_deploy]部分,配置身份服务访问:
[keystone_authtoken]
# ...
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = GLANCE_PASS
[paste_deploy]
# ...
flavor = keystone
(3)在[glance_store]部分,配置本地文件系统存储和图像文件的位置:
[glance_store]
# ...
stores = file,http
default_store = file
filesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/
编辑好的配置文件:
[root@ren3 ~]# vim /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
[DEFAULT]
[cors]
[cors.subdomain]
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@ren3/glance
[glance_store]
stores = file,http
default_store = file
filesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/
[image_format]
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://ren3:5000
auth_url = http://ren3:35357
memcached_servers = ren3:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = glance
[matchmaker_redis]
[DEFAULT]
[cors]
[cors.subdomain]
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@ren3/glance
[glance_store]
stores = file,http
default_store = file
filesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/
[image_format]
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://ren3:5000
auth_url = http://ren3:35357
memcached_servers = ren3:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = glance
[matchmaker_redis]
[oslo_concurrency]
[oslo_messaging_amqp]
[oslo_messaging_kafka]
[oslo_messaging_notifications]
[oslo_messaging_rabbit]
[oslo_messaging_zmq]
[oslo_middleware]
[oslo_policy]
[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone
[profiler]
[store_type_location_strategy]
[task]
[taskflow_executor]
7、编辑/etc/glance/glance- registration .conf文件
(1)在[database]部分,配置数据库访问:
[database]
# ...
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance
(2)在[keystone_authtoken]和[paste_deploy]部分,配置身份服务访问:
[keystone_authtoken]
# ...
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = GLANCE_PASS
[paste_deploy]
# ...
flavor = keystone
编辑好的配置文件:
[root@ren3 ~]# vim /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
[DEFAULT]
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@ren3/glance
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://ren3:5000
[DEFAULT]
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@ren3/glance
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://ren3:5000
auth_url = http://ren3:35357
memcached_servers = ren3:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = glance
[matchmaker_redis]
[oslo_messaging_amqp]
[oslo_messaging_kafka]
[oslo_messaging_notifications]
[oslo_messaging_rabbit]
[oslo_messaging_zmq]
[oslo_policy]
[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone
[profiler]
8、同步数据库
[root@ren3 ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance
[root@ren3 ~]# mysql -u glance -pGLANCE_DBPASS
MariaDB [(none)]> use glance;
MariaDB [glance]> show tables;
+----------------------------------+
| Tables_in_glance |
+----------------------------------+
| alembic_version |
| artifact_blob_locations |
| artifact_blobs |
| artifact_dependencies |
| artifact_properties |
| artifact_tags |
| artifacts |
| image_locations |
| image_members |
| image_properties |
| image_tags |
| images |
| metadef_namespace_resource_types |
| metadef_namespaces |
| metadef_objects |
| metadef_properties |
| metadef_resource_types |
| metadef_tags |
| migrate_version |
| task_info |
| tasks |
+----------------------------------+
21 rows in set (0.00 sec)
9、启动glance服务
[root@ren3 ~]# systemctl enable openstack-glance-api.service \
openstack-glance-registry.service
[root@ren3 ~]# systemctl start openstack-glance-api.service \
openstack-glance-registry.service
[root@ren3 ~]# systemctl status openstack-glance-api.service \
openstack-glance-registry.service |grep active | wc -l
2
[root@ren3 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:9191 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.11.3:5672 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:25672 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.11.3:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.11.3:11211 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:11211 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:9292 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:4369 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:15672 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::5000 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:11211 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::35357 :::*
[root@ren3 ~]# netstat -anp |grep 9191
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9191 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13084/python2
[root@ren3 ~]# firewall-cmd --list-ports
4369/tcp 5672/tcp 15672/tcp 25672/tcp 3306/tcp 11211/tcp 80/tcp 35357/tcp 5000/tcp
[root@ren3 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=9292/tcp
success
[root@ren3 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=9292/tcp --permanent
success
[root@ren3 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=9191/tcp --permanent
success
[root@ren3 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=9191/tcp
success
10、下载源镜像
网络源:
wget http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.5/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img
[root@ren3 ~]# wget http://download2.yunwei.edu/shell/openstack_app.tar.gz
[root@ren3 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg openrc yum-repo.sh
--description openstack_app.tar.gz
[root@ren3 ~]# tar xvf openstack_app.tar.gz
[root@ren3 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg openrc openstack-ocata
--description openstack_app.tar.gz yum-repo.sh
[root@ren3 ~]# cd openstack-ocata/
[root@ren3 openstack-ocata]# ls
cirros-0.3.3-x86_64-disk.img openstack-compute-yilai
11、使用QCOW2磁盘格式、bare容器格式和公共可见性将镜像上传至image服务,以便所有项目都可以访问:
[root@ren3 openstack-ocata]# openstack image create "cirros" --file cirros-0.3.3-x86_64-disk.img --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --public
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| checksum | 133eae9fb1c98f45894a4e60d8736619 |
| container_format | bare |
| created_at | 2019-10-12T06:12:16Z |
| disk_format | qcow2 |
| file | /v2/images/d8e9a113-edef- |
| | 41a6-9778-622edf76de39/file |
| id | d8e9a113-edef-41a6-9778-622edf76de39 |
| min_disk | 0 |
| min_ram | 0 |
| name | cirros |
| owner | 640da7a471524d35a3efca2692b9555a |
| protected | False |
| schema | /v2/schemas/image |
| size | 13200896 |
| status | active |
| tags | |
| updated_at | 2019-10-12T06:12:16Z |
| virtual_size | None |
| visibility | public |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
12、确认镜像是否上传成功
[root@ren3 openstack-ocata]# glance image-list
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| ID | Name |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| d8e9a113-edef-41a6-9778-622edf76de39 | cirros |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
[root@ren3 openstack-ocata]# cd /var/lib/glance/images/
[root@ren3 images]# ls
d8e9a113-edef-41a6-9778-622edf76de39
或者使用openstack命令:
[root@ren3 images]# openstack image list
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| ID | Name | Status |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| d8e9a113-edef-41a6-9778-622edf76de39 | cirros | active |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+