目录
- Glance 镜像服务
- 1.镜像
- 2.镜像服务的功能
- 3.镜像的 API 版本
- 4.镜像格式
- 4.1虚拟机镜像文件磁盘格式
- 4.2 镜像文件容器格式
- 5.镜像状态
- 5.1 镜像从上传到可识别的几个状态:
- 5.2 镜像在上载完成后的状态
- 6.镜像访问权限
- 7.工作流程
- 一、创建数据库实例和数据库用户
- 二、创建用户、修改配置文件
- 1.创建glance用户
- 2.创建镜像服务API端点
- 3. 安装 openstack-glance 软件包
- 3.1 添加glance-api.conf配置
- 3.2 修改glance-registry.conf 配置文件
- 4.初始化数据库
- 5.开启glance服务
- 6.赋予openstack-glance-api.service服务对存储设备的可写权限
- 7.镜像导入
- 8.查看镜像
Glance 镜像服务
1.镜像
镜像通常指的是一系列文件或一个磁盘驱动的精确副本,将特定的一系列文件按照一定的格式制作成独立的文件,以方便用户的下载和使用。简单来说就是一系列资源/服务的集合,也可以作为模板创建多个同样的独立的副本
2.镜像服务的功能
镜像服务主要是用来灌流镜像,让用户能够发现、获取和保存镜像,主要功能如下:
- 查询和获取镜像的元数据和镜像本身(元数据:镜像的概要信息和描述信息)
- 注册和上传虚拟机镜像,包括镜像的创建、.上传、 下载和管理
- 维护镜像信息,包括元数据和镜像本身。
- 支持多种方式存储镜像,包括普通的文件系统、Swift、 Amazon S3等
- 对虚拟机实例执行创建快照命令来创建新的镜像,或者备份虚拟机的状态
3.镜像的 API 版本
Glance提供的RESTful API有两个版本:V1,V2:
- v1只提供基本的镜像和成员操作功能,包括镜像创建、删除、下载、列表、详细信息查询、 更新,以及镜像租户成员的创建、删除和列表。
- v2除了支持v1的所有功能外,主要增加了镜像位置的添加、删除、修改,元数据和名称空间操作,以及镜像标记操作。
4.镜像格式
4.1虚拟机镜像文件磁盘格式
磁盘格式 | 用途 |
raw | 无结构的磁盘格式 |
vhd | 该格式通用于VMware、Xen、 VirtualBox以及 其他虚拟机管理程序 |
vhdx | vhd格式的增强版本,支持更大的磁盘尺寸 |
vmdk | 一种比较通 用的虚拟机磁盘格式 |
vdi | 由VirtualBox虛拟机监控程序和QEMU仿真器支持的磁盘格式 |
iso | 用于光盘(CD- ROM)数据内容的档案格式 |
ploop | 由Virtuozzo支持,用于运行OS容器的磁盘格式 |
qcow2 | 由QEMU仿真支持,可动态扩展,支持写时复制(Copy on Write)的磁盘格式 |
aki | 在Glance中存储的Amazon内核格式 |
ar | 在Glance中存储的Amazon虚拟内存盘(Ramdisk)格式 |
ami | 在Glance中存储的Amazon机器格式 |
4.2 镜像文件容器格式
bare | 没有容器或元数据 “信封” 的镜像,原始的资源集合,所以不存在兼容性问题,不确定选择哪种容器模式时,就在指定为bare最安全。 |
Docker | 在glance中存储的容器文件系统的dockerd的tar档案。能够隔离磁盘存储的数据、元数据。 |
ovf | 开放虚拟化格式 |
ova | 在Glance中存储的开放虚拟化设备格式 |
aki | 在Glance中存储的Amazon内核格式 |
ari | 在Glance中存储的Amazon虚拟内存盘(Ramdisk) 格式 |
5.镜像状态
5.1 镜像从上传到可识别的几个状态:
queued | 这是一种初始化状态, 镜像文件刚被创建,在Glance数据库只有其元数据,镜像数据还没有上传至数据库中 |
saving | 是镜像的原始数据在上传到数据库中的一种过渡状态,表示正在上传镜像 |
uploading | 指已进行导入数据提交调用,可以给服务识别和调用的状态 |
importing | 指已经完成导入调用,服务已经识别,可调用,但是镜像还未准备好给虚拟机提供服务 |
5.2 镜像在上载完成后的状态
active | 表示当镜像数据成功上传,可使用 |
deactivated | 只对管理员开放权限,任何非管理员用户都无权访问镜像数据,禁止下载镜像,也禁止镜像导出和镜像克隆之类的操作 |
klled | 表示镜像上传过程中发生错误,镜像不可读 |
deleted | 镜像将在不久后被自动删除,该镜像不可再用,但是目前Glance仍然保留该镜像的相关信息和原始数据,删除后可恢复 |
pending_ delete | 与deleted相似, Glance还没有清除镜像数据,但处于该状态的镜像不可恢复 |
6.镜像访问权限
public公共的 | 可以被所有的项目使用 |
private私有的 | 只有被镜像所有者所在的项目使用 |
shared共享的 | 一个非共有的镜像,可以共享给其他项目,通过项目成员(member-*)操作来实现的 |
protected(受保护的) | 这种镜像不能被删除 |
7.工作流程
- 首先是对客户端的安全认证流程:openstack的操作都需要经过keystone进行身份认证,并授权,glance也不例外,授权成功再去请求glance服务,glance服务接收到外部请求后,会去keystone进行认证,此请求是否已授权,认证通过后,才会将请求传到后端处理。
- glance domain controller 是API和后端功能模块的中间件,相当于调度器,作用是将外部服务分发到下面的各个功能层去处理。在调度时,遵循调度算法,首先有一个预选,排除不符合要求的节点,再进行优选,通过打分机制,对都能够处理此功能的节点进行打分,考虑它们当前的负荷,处理能力和速度,选出最优的一个。对于一些有污点的节点,调度器是直接跳过他们的,如果其余可用节点负担都太大,无法处理外部请求,会有一个容忍机制,由运维人员控制,让调度器接受污点,对污点再进行优选。
一、创建数据库实例和数据库用户
[root@ct ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 19
Server version: 10.3.20-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE glance; //创建数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS'; //用户提权,glance库的所有权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; //刷新权限表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants for glance; 查看glance用户的权限
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for glance@% |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'glance'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*C0CE56F2C0C7234791F36D89700B02691C1CAB8E' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `glance`.* TO 'glance'@'%' |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.000 sec)
二、创建用户、修改配置文件
1.创建glance用户
[root@ct ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password GLANCE_PASS glance //创建glance用户
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id | default |
| enabled | True |
| id | a9d9bf07994441e9be0e9e93af2a6186 |
| name | glance |
| options | {} |
| password_expires_at | None |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
[root@ct ~]# openstack role add --project service --user glance admin //将glance用户添加到service项目中,并且针对这个项目拥有admin权限
[root@ct ~]# openstack service create --name glance --description "OpenStack Image" image //创建一个service服务,service名称为glance,类型为image
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Image |
| enabled | True |
| id | d92ce1778a7840f394fd18a8711c0f39 |
| name | glance |
| type | image |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@ct ~]# openstack service list //查看项目
+----------------------------------+----------+----------+
| ID | Name | Type |
+----------------------------------+----------+----------+
| 7681affb926e43848166b7a4092857f0 | keystone | identity |
| d92ce1778a7840f394fd18a8711c0f39 | glance | image |
+----------------------------------+----------+----------+
[root@ct ~]#
2.创建镜像服务API端点
[root@ct ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image public http://ct:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 855e2d86542f4069943527e5c0bb1966 |
| interface | public |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | d92ce1778a7840f394fd18a8711c0f39 |
| service_name | glance |
| service_type | image |
| url | http://ct:9292 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@ct ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image internal http://ct:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 20850176456e414685f3351d545ada37 |
| interface | internal |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | d92ce1778a7840f394fd18a8711c0f39 |
| service_name | glance |
| service_type | image |
| url | http://ct:9292 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@ct ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image admin http://ct:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 620b8b7a695646b0803121873fbbb85b |
| interface | admin |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | d92ce1778a7840f394fd18a8711c0f39 |
| service_name | glance |
| service_type | image |
| url | http://ct:9292 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@ct ~]#
3. 安装 openstack-glance 软件包
[root@ct ~]# yum -y install openstack-glance
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.cn99.com
* centos-ceph-nautilus: mirrors.cn99.com
* centos-nfs-ganesha28: mirrors.aliyun.com
* centos-openstack-train: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* centos-qemu-ev: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.cn99.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
软件包 1:openstack-glance-19.0.4-1.el7.noarch 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
[root@ct ~]#
3.1 添加glance-api.conf配置
[root@ct ~]# cp -a /etc/glance/glance-api.conf{,.bak} //备份
[root@ct ~]# grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf.bak > /etc/glance/glance-api.conf //过滤注释信息
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@ct/glance
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://ct:5000
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers ct:11211
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken username glance
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken password GLANCE_PASS
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf paste_deploy flavor keystone
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf glance_store stores file,http
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf glance_store default_store file
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf glance_store filesystem_store_datadir /var/lib/glance/images/
[root@ct ~]# cat /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
[DEFAULT]
[cinder]
[cors]
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@ct/glance
[file]
[glance.store.http.store]
[glance.store.rbd.store]
[glance.store.sheepdog.store]
[glance.store.swift.store]
[glance.store.vmware_datastore.store]
[glance_store]
stores = file,http
default_store = file
filesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/
[image_format]
[keystone_authtoken]
www_authenticate_uri = http://ct:5000
auth_url = http://ct:5000
memcached_servers = ct:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = GLANCE_PASS
[oslo_concurrency]
[oslo_messaging_amqp]
[oslo_messaging_kafka]
[oslo_messaging_notifications]
[oslo_messaging_rabbit]
[oslo_middleware]
[oslo_policy]
[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone
[profiler]
[store_type_location_strategy]
[task]
[taskflow_executor]
[root@ct ~]#
3.2 修改glance-registry.conf 配置文件
[root@ct ~]# cp -a /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf{,.bak} //备份
[root@ct ~]# grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf.bak > /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf //过滤注释信息
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@t/glance
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken www_authenticate_uri http://ct:5000
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://ct:5000
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers ct:11211
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name Default
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name Default
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken username glance
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken password GLANCE_PASS
[root@ct ~]# openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf paste_deploy flavor keystone
[root@ct ~]# cat /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
[DEFAULT]
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@t/glance
[keystone_authtoken]
www_authenticate_uri = http://ct:5000
auth_url = http://ct:5000
memcached_servers = ct:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = GLANCE_PASS
[oslo_messaging_amqp]
[oslo_messaging_kafka]
[oslo_messaging_notifications]
[oslo_messaging_rabbit]
[oslo_policy]
[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone
[profiler]
[root@ct ~]#
4.初始化数据库
[root@ct ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pymysql/cursors.py:170: Warning: (1280, u"Name 'alembic_version_pkc' ignored for PRIMARY key.")
result = self._query(query)
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade -> liberty, liberty initial
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade liberty -> mitaka01, add index on created_at and updated_at columns of 'images' table
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade mitaka01 -> mitaka02, update metadef os_nova_server
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade mitaka02 -> ocata_expand01, add visibility to images
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade ocata_expand01 -> pike_expand01, empty expand for symmetry with pike_contract01
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade pike_expand01 -> queens_expand01
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade queens_expand01 -> rocky_expand01, add os_hidden column to images table
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade rocky_expand01 -> rocky_expand02, add os_hash_algo and os_hash_value columns to images table
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade rocky_expand02 -> train_expand01, empty expand for symmetry with train_contract01
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
Upgraded database to: train_expand01, current revision(s): train_expand01
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
Database migration is up to date. No migration needed.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade mitaka02 -> ocata_contract01, remove is_public from images
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade ocata_contract01 -> pike_contract01, drop glare artifacts tables
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade pike_contract01 -> queens_contract01
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade queens_contract01 -> rocky_contract01
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade rocky_contract01 -> rocky_contract02
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade rocky_contract02 -> train_contract01
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
Upgraded database to: train_contract01, current revision(s): train_contract01
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
Database is synced successfully
5.开启glance服务
[root@ct ~]# systemctl enable openstack-glance-api.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-glance-api.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-glance-api.service.
[root@ct ~]# systemctl start openstack-glance-api.service
[root@ct ~]# netstat -antp | grep 9292
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9292 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 84418/python2
[root@ct ~]#
6.赋予openstack-glance-api.service服务对存储设备的可写权限
[root@ct ~]# chown -hR glance:glance /var/lib/glance/ //只对符号连接/软链接的文件修改
[root@ct ~]# ll /var/lib/glance/
总用量 0
drwxr-x--- 2 glance glance 6 8月 24 18:18 images
7.镜像导入
[root@ct ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img
[root@ct ~]# openstack image create --file cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --public cirros
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| checksum | f8ab98ff5e73ebab884d80c9dc9c7290 |
| container_format | bare |
| created_at | 2021-08-24T10:23:15Z |
| disk_format | qcow2 |
| file | /v2/images/e8390729-8e4a-4a4a-9ccb-9c1f6bc4a3c2/file |
| id | e8390729-8e4a-4a4a-9ccb-9c1f6bc4a3c2 |
| min_disk | 0 |
| min_ram | 0 |
| name | cirros |
| owner | cdf2831522724a8b91c8b7e57bd84516 |
| properties | os_hash_algo='sha512', os_hash_value='f0fd1b50420dce4ca382ccfbb528eef3a38bbeff00b54e95e3876b9bafe7ed2d6f919ca35d9046d437c6d2d8698b1174a335fbd66035bb3edc525d2cdb187232', os_hidden='False' |
| protected | False |
| schema | /v2/schemas/image |
| size | 13267968 |
| status | active |
| tags | |
| updated_at | 2021-08-24T10:23:15Z |
| virtual_size | None |
| visibility | public |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[root@ct ~]#
8.查看镜像
[root@ct ~]# openstack image list
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| ID | Name | Status |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| e8390729-8e4a-4a4a-9ccb-9c1f6bc4a3c2 | cirros | active |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
[root@ct ~]# glance image-list
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| ID | Name |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| e8390729-8e4a-4a4a-9ccb-9c1f6bc4a3c2 | cirros |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
[root@ct ~]#