nginx,mysql,php环境搭建

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mb648972af0d702 2023-06-23 00:24:11 ©著作权

文章标签 liunx环境搭建 nginx mysql php 文章分类 Html/CSS 前端开发

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1、安装Linux Nginx
# tar -zxvf nginx-0.8.5.tar.gz
# cd nginx-0.8.5
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_ssl_module(安装路径及
所需依赖包)--prefix(安装路径)
# make && make install
启动nginx# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
停止nginx# kill -QUIT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
重启nginxkill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
添加到自启动# echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx">>/etc/rc.local
或者用 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 启动 nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit 退出nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 重新载入
还需要安装 apt-get install spawn-fcgi
每次运行的时候执行：告诉php需要相应的端口号跟之前做的java一样
spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -C 5 -u www-data -g www-data -f
/usr/bin/php-cgi（必须滴）
2、spawn-fcgi，用来启动PHP的FastCGI模式
（linux下载包用 wget方式或者可以直接安装用apt-get install spawn-fcgi方式）
wget http://www.lighttpd.net/download/spawn-fcgi-1.6.3.tar.gz
tar -zxf spawn-fcgi-1.6.3.tar.gz
cd spawn-fcgi-1.6.3
./configure –bindir=/usr/bin –libdir=/usr/lib –prefix=/etc
make&&make install
3、安装mysql
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.67.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.0.67
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-charset=gbk --with-extra-charset=all --enable-hread-safe-client
--enable-local-infile --with-low-memory
# make && make install
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# chown -R root.root /usr/local/mysql/
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/var/
启动数据库服务，并添加到自启动
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
#cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
#chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
加入自动启动服务队列：
#chkconfig --add mysqld
#chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on添加root密码
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password "123456"
测试一下：# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p输入密码：123456，看能不能进入到数据库
配置库文件搜索路径
# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql">>/etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig
# ldconfig -v
添加/usr/local/mysql/bin到环境变量PATH中
#echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin">>/etc/profile
#source /etc/profile
4、安装PHP
这里产生的是可执行文件，和apache的不一样，和apache结合的时候产生的是动态库
# tar -jxvf php-5.2.6.tar.bz2
# gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.9.diff.gz |patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1
# cd php-5.2.6
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-force-cgi-redirect
# make && make install
# cp php.ini-recommended /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
# vi /usr/local/php/php-fpm.conf
(1)<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>修改为<value name="listen_address">IP:9000</value>
//本机就用默认的127.0.0.1
(2)下面这两行去掉注释并修改
<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value name="display_errors">1</value>
(3)<value name="user">nobody</value> //去注释
(4)<value name="group">nobody</value> //去注释
(5)<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value> //允许连接的PC，本机就用127.0.0.1
启动php-fpm# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start添加到自启动# echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start">>/etc/rc.local
5、修改Linux Nginx的配置文件，支持PHP

# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 

user nobody; 

worker_processes 8; 

pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; 

worker_rlimit_nofile 1024; 

events 

{use epoll; 

worker_connections 1024;} 

http{ 

include mime.types; 

default_type application/octet-stream; 

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; 

client_header_buffer_size 32k; 

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; 

client_max_body_size 8m; 

sendfile on; 

tcp_nopush on; 

keepalive_timeout 60; 

tcp_nodelay on; 

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; 

fastcgi_send_timeout 300; 

fastcgi_read_timeout 300; 

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; 

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; 

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; 

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; 

gzip on; 

gzip_min_length 1k; 

gzip_buffers 4 16k; 

gzip_http_version 1.0; 

gzip_comp_level 2; 

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; 

gzip_vary on; 


server { 

listen 80; 

server_name www.bbb.com; 

root /www/uuweb; 

index index.html index.htm index.php; 

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { 或者 location / { 

不知道怎么回事我用前一个css不起作用，只能用后面一个。 

root /www/uuweb; 

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 

fastcgi_index index.php; 

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www/uuweb$fastcgi_script_name; 

include fastcgi_params;} 

#location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ 

#{expires 30d;} 

#location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ 

#{expires 1h;} 

log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' 

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' 

'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; 

access_log /var/logs/access.log access;}}

注：server部分为PHP虚拟主机127.0.0.1：9000为fastcgi的PC，我这里用的本机/www/uuweb$fastcgi_script_name; 为PHP网页保存的目录测试配置文件：
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

----------------------------------------------------------------

编译pcre库以及nginx

cd /data/download
tar zxvf pcre-8.00.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/pcre-8.00/
./configure
make && make install

cd /data/download
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
cd /usr/local/src/nginx-0.7.64/
./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install

建立nginx的log文件夹

mkdir -p /data/logs
chmod +w /data/logs
chown -R nginx:nginx /data/logs
创建nginx的配置文件

rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
配置文件内容：

user nginx nginx; 


worker_processes 1; 


error_log /data/logs/nginx_error.log crit; 


pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid; 


#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. 

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; 


events 

{ 

 use epoll; 

 worker_connections 51200; 

} 


http 

{ 

 include mime.types; 

 default_type application/octet-stream; 


 #charset utf-8; 


 server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; 

 client_header_buffer_size 32k; 

 large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; 

 client_max_body_size 8m; 


 sendfile on; 

 tcp_nopush on; 


 keepalive_timeout 60; 


 tcp_nodelay on; 


 fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; 

 fastcgi_send_timeout 300; 

 fastcgi_read_timeout 300; 

 fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; 

 fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; 

 fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; 

 fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; 


 gzip on; 

 gzip_min_length 1k; 

 gzip_buffers 4 16k; 

 gzip_http_version 1.0; 

 gzip_comp_level 2; 

 gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; 

 gzip_vary on; 


 server 

 { 

 listen 80; 

 server_name www.web.cn *.web.cn; 

 index index.php; 

 root /data/htdocs/webroot; 

 autoindex on; 


 if (!-f $request_filename){ 

 rewrite ^/(.+)$ /index.php?$1& last; 

 } 


 location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ { 

 access_log off; 

 gzip off; 

 expires 30d; 

 } 


 location ~* ^.+\.(css|js)$ { 

 access_log off; 

 expires 1d; 

 } 


 location ~* ^.+\.(pdf|gz|bz2|exe|rar|zip|7z)$ { 

 gzip off; 

 } 


 location ~ .*\.(php)?$ 

 { 

 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; 

 #fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 

 fastcgi_index index.php; 

 include fcgi.conf; 

 } 


 log_format minhlog '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' 

 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' 

 '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; 

 access_log /data/logs/webroot_access.log; 

 } 

}

上面是假设域名为web.cn，目录就是前面安装php时建立的目录。在能看懂配置内容的时候可以自己修改里面具体的写法，并不复杂的，只有几句而已。

配置fcgi.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf 

文件内容： 


fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; 

fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; 


fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; 

fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; 

fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; 

fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; 


fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; 

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; 

fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; 

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; 

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; 

fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; 


fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; 

fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; 

fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; 

fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; 

fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; 

fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

配置完成，启动服务：

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
添加nginx,mysql,php的启动项到启动文件：

vi /etc/rc.local
/data/mysql/3306/mysql start
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
这样就能开机自动启动各个服务了。

平滑重启nginx的命令是：

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`
至此web服务已经可以正常运行。对于日志切割的部分，有需要的可以自己参考张宴大牛的博客，一般小站日志也没什么好看的，我自己是直接关闭了的，当然如果被攻击的话可以再临时打开，具体自己掌握了。也可以自己找一些nginx配置和优化的资料来看，相对来说一点也不复杂，只是要花些时间。

五、后续工作

后续的修改和设置需要看自己的个性化需要，不能一概而论了，这里只给出一点思路。大体分为两块，一是系统的安全与优化，二是网站功能的扩展。第一方面，包括修改root密码或登录方式、更改ssh端口、配置防ping，清理系统不需要的服务、用户组、用户、精确限制用户的权限等。以及对nginx、 mysql等的安全设置。第二方面，如果需要安装ftp，可以考虑使用centos自带的vsftpd，安装其他扩展时尽量自己编译为好。

使用中注意整理常用的参数，记好各个程序的安装路径、配置文件路径、各类log文件的路径等，常用的系统命令不用说自然要熟记了。尤其强调一定要注意备份，不仅包括网站数据，也包括各类配置文件。

http://guitarsdw2.blog.163.com/blog/static/101437600201021345136141/
===========================================
在配置nginx提示如下错误时：
[emerg]: getpwnam(“www”) failed
解决方案：
在nginx.conf中把user www www改为user nobody nobody既可

这里的www是 nginx.conf 中配置的.
user www; (原来)
user nobody nobody;

======================================
ginx启动报错，信息如下：
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
.....

使用ps ef|grep nginx，并未发现有nginx进程，有可能被其他进程占用，这时可以采用如下方式处理：

1. 查看80端口占用
netstat -ntpl

2. 杀掉占用80端口的进程

kill -9 $pid

发现httpd 仍然占用
ps -aux | grep httpd
再把找到的请求kill掉.