06 openEuler XFCE 桌面环境的安装和使用
文章目录
- 06 openEuler XFCE 桌面环境的安装和使用
- 6.1 XFCE简介
- 6.2 XFCE安装方法
- 6.2.1 更新软件源
- 6.2.2 安装字库
- 6.2.3 安装Xorg
- 6.2.4 安装XFCE及组件
- 6.2.5 安装登录管理器
- 6.2.6 设置默认桌面为XFCE 启动
- 6.2.7 使用登录管理器登录XFCE
- 6.2.8 设置开机自启动图形界面
- 6.2.9 重启生效
- 6.3 XFCE图形界面
- 6.4 问题处理
本文介绍常用的
openEuler XFCE桌面环境的安装和使用方法，它提供美观易用、安全可靠的图形化操作界面，给用户带来更好的体验。
6.1 XFCE简介
XFCE是一款轻量级 Linux 桌面，当前版本已经将所有部件从 GTK2 更新到 GTK3，从D-Dbus Glib更新到GDBus，大部分组件支持Object Introspection（简称 GI，用于产生与解析 C 程序库 API 元信息，以便于动态语言（或托管语言）绑定基于 C + GObject 的程序库）。优化用户体验，加入新特性，并修补大量BUG。与其它UI界面（GNOME、KDE）相比，XFCE占用的内存和CPU使用量非常小，给用户带来亲切和高效的使用体验。
XFCE支持x86_64和aarch64两种架构。
6.2 XFCE安装方法
安装时，建议新建一个管理员用户。
**前提：**下载openEuler ISO镜像并已安装系统。
6.2.1 更新软件源
# dnf update -y示例命令如下：
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# dnf update -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:45:19 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 11时09分36秒.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================
Upgrading:
NetworkManager x86_64 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203 update 2.2 M
NetworkManager-config-server noarch 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203 update 12 k
NetworkManager-libnm x86_64 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203 update 1.6 M
acl x86_64 2.3.1-2.oe2203 update 51 k
atk x86_64 2.36.0-2.oe2203 update 262 k
atk-devel x86_64 2.36.0-2.oe2203 update 196 k
augeas x86_64 1.13.0-3.oe2203 update 376 k
authselect x86_64 1.2.4-6.oe2203 update 189 k
bash x86_64 5.1.8-6.oe2203 update 1.2 M
bc x86_64 1.07.1-11.oe2203 update 89 k
bind-libs x86_64 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203 update 1.2 M
bind-license noarch 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203
.
.
.
vim-minimal-2:9.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
wayland-1.19.91-4.oe2203.x86_64 wayland-devel-1.19.91-4.oe2203.x86_64 words-3.0-33.oe2203.noarch
xz-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64
xz-devel-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64 xz-libs-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64
yajl-2.1.0-18.oe2203.x86_64
yum-4.10.0-7.oe2203.noarch
zlib-1.2.11-22.oe2203.x86_64
zlib-devel-1.2.11-22.oe2203.x86_64
Installed:
duktape-2.6.0-1.oe2203.x86_64 elfutils-extra-0.185-13.oe2203.x86_64 grub2-tools-efi-1:2.06-15.oe2203.x86_64
kernel-5.10.0-60.68.0.93.oe2203.x86_64
Complete!
[root@scfuture-21 ~]#6.2.2 安装字库
# dnf install dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu-*-fonts google-*-fonts -y示例命令如下：
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# dnf install dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu-*-fonts google-*-fonts -y
Last metadata expiration check: 2:44:53 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 10时39分32秒.
Package dejavu-fonts-2.37-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package liberation-fonts-1:2.00.5-4.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package gnu-free-mono-fonts-20120503-21.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package gnu-free-sans-fonts-20120503-21.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package gnu-free-serif-fonts-20120503-21.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package google-droid-sans-fonts-20200215-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package google-noto-cjk-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package google-noto-emoji-fonts-20200916-3.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package google-noto-sans-cjk-ttc-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package google-noto-sans-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package google-noto-serif-cjk-ttc-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
google-crosextra-carlito-fonts noarch 1.103-1.0.20130920.oe2203
everything 817 k
google-droid-kufi-fonts noarch 20200215-1.oe2203 OS 70 k
.
.
.
google-noto-serif-malayalam-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-myanmar-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-myanmar-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-sc-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-sinhala-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-sinhala-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tamil-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tamil-slanted-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tamil-slanted-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tamil-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tc-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-telugu-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-thai-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-thai-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tibetan-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tibetan-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-roboto-slab-fonts-1.100263-0.9.20150923git.oe2203.noarch
Complete!
[root@scfuture-21 ~]#6.2.3 安装Xorg
# dnf install xorg-* -y示例命令如下：
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# dnf install xorg-* -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:17:53 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 13时37分26秒.
Package xorg-x11-proto-devel-2021.5-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
xorg-x11-apps x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 everything 238 k
xorg-x11-apps-debuginfo x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 debuginfo 554 k
xorg-x11-apps-debugsource x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 debuginfo 246 k
xorg-x11-apps-help x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 everything 65 k
xorg-x11-drivers x86_64 7.7-28.oe2203 OS 7.8 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203 OS 156 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati-debuginfo x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203 debuginfo 749 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati-debugsource x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203 debuginfo 222 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati-help noarch 19.1.0-3.oe2203 everything 329 k
xorg-x11-drv-dummy x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203 OS 15 k
xorg-x11-drv-dummy-debuginfo x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203 debuginfo 47 k
xorg-x11-drv-dummy-debugsource x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203 debuginfo 16 k
xorg-x11-drv-dummy-help noarch 0.3.8-1.oe2203 everything 17 k
xorg-x11-drv-evdev x86_64 2.10.6-4.oe2203 OS 113 k
.
.
.
xorg-x11-xauth-help-1:1.1-1.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xbitmaps-1.1.2-1.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xinit-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xinit-debuginfo-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xinit-debugsource-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xinit-help-1.4.1-1.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-debuginfo-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-debugsource-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-devel-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-help-7.7-30.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xtrans-devel-1.4.0-1.oe2203.noarch
Complete!
[root@scfuture-21 ~]#6.2.4 安装XFCE及组件
# dnf install xfwm4 xfdesktop xfce4-* xfce4-*-plugin network-manager-applet *fonts -y示例命令如下：
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# dnf install xfwm4 xfdesktop xfce4-* xfce4-*-plugin network-manager-applet *fonts -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:19 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 13时56分02秒.
Package abattis-cantarell-fonts-0.301-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-fonts-7.5-24.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
bpg-algeti-fonts noarch 2.005-12.oe2203 OS 36 k
bpg-chveulebrivi-fonts noarch 3.002-12.oe2203 OS 29 k
bpg-classic-fonts noarch 8.500-12.oe2203 everything 25 k
bpg-courier-fonts noarch 4.002-12.oe2203 OS 31 k
bpg-courier-s-fonts noarch 4.000-12.oe2203 OS 51 k
bpg-dedaena-block-fonts noarch 3.005-12.oe2203 everything 36 k
bpg-dejavu-sans-fonts noarch 2.28-12.oe2203 everything 34 k
bpg-elite-fonts noarch 3.000-12.oe2203 OS 35 k
bpg-excelsior-caps-fonts noarch 2.003-12.oe2203 everything 87 k
bpg-excelsior-fonts noarch 2.03-12.oe2203 OS 24 k
bpg-glaho-fonts noarch 9.000-12.oe2203 OS 29 k
bpg-irubaqidze-fonts noarch 1.000-12.oe2203 everything 29 k
bpg-mikhail-stephan-fonts noarch 2.500-12.oe2203 everything 35 k
bpg-mrgvlovani-fonts noarch 1.002-12.oe2203 everything 61 k
bpg-nino-medium-fonts noarch 4.005-12.oe2203 OS 33 k
bpg-sans-fonts noarch 1.005-12.oe2203 OS 122 k
bpg-sans-modern-fonts noarch 2.025-12.oe2203 OS 34 k
bpg-serif-modern-fonts noarch 2.028-12.oe2203 OS 44 k
bpg-ucnobi-fonts noarch 3.300-12.oe2203 everything 35 k
.
.
.
xfce4-volumed-pulse-debugsource-0.2.3-2.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-wavelan-plugin-0.6.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-wavelan-plugin-debuginfo-0.6.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-wavelan-plugin-debugsource-0.6.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-weather-plugin-0.11.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-weather-plugin-debuginfo-0.11.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-weather-plugin-debugsource-0.11.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin-2.5.3-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin-debuginfo-2.5.3-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin-debugsource-2.5.3-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-xkb-plugin-0.8.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-xkb-plugin-debuginfo-0.8.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-xkb-plugin-debugsource-0.8.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfconf-4.16.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfconf-devel-4.16.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfdesktop-4.16.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfwm4-4.16.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
zziplib-0.13.71-3.oe2203.x86_64
Complete!
[root@scfuture-21 ~]#6.2.5 安装登录管理器
# dnf install lightdm lightdm-gtk -y示例命令如下：
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# dnf install lightdm lightdm-gtk -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:28:32 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 13时56分02秒.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
lightdm x86_64 1.30.0-13.oe2203 EPOL 193 k
lightdm-gtk x86_64 2.0.8-1.oe2203 EPOL 123 k
Installing dependencies:
accountsservice x86_64 0.6.55-1.oe2203 OS 113 k
gnome-themes-standard x86_64 3.27.90-4.oe2203 OS 2.9 M
lightdm-gobject x86_64 1.30.0-13.oe2203 EPOL 56 k
systemd-pam x86_64 249-42.oe2203 update 200 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 6 Packages
Total download size: 3.5 M
Installed size: 6.3 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/6): accountsservice-0.6.55-1.oe2203.x86_64.r 553 kB/s | 113 kB 00:00
(2/6): lightdm-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 788 kB/s | 193 kB 00:00
(3/6): lightdm-gobject-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64. 1.2 MB/s | 56 kB 00:00
(4/6): lightdm-gtk-2.0.8-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 2.5 MB/s | 123 kB 00:00
(5/6): systemd-pam-249-42.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 2.2 MB/s | 200 kB 00:00
(6/6): gnome-themes-standard-3.27.90-4.oe2203.x 3.1 MB/s | 2.9 MB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 3.8 MB/s | 3.5 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : systemd-pam-249-42.oe2203.x86_64 1/6
Installing : gnome-themes-standard-3.27.90-4.oe2203.x86_64 2/6
Installing : accountsservice-0.6.55-1.oe2203.x86_64 3/6
Running scriptlet: accountsservice-0.6.55-1.oe2203.x86_64 3/6
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/graphical.target.wants/accounts-daemon.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/accounts-daemon.service.
Installing : lightdm-gobject-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64 4/6
Running scriptlet: lightdm-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64 5/6
Installing : lightdm-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64 5/6
Running scriptlet: lightdm-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64 5/6
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/display-manager.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/lightdm.service.
Running scriptlet: lightdm-gtk-2.0.8-1.oe2203.x86_64 6/6
Installing : lightdm-gtk-2.0.8-1.oe2203.x86_64 6/6
Running scriptlet: lightdm-gtk-2.0.8-1.oe2203.x86_64 6/6
Verifying : accountsservice-0.6.55-1.oe2203.x86_64 1/6
Verifying : gnome-themes-standard-3.27.90-4.oe2203.x86_64 2/6
Verifying : lightdm-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64 3/6
Verifying : lightdm-gobject-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64 4/6
Verifying : lightdm-gtk-2.0.8-1.oe2203.x86_64 5/6
Verifying : systemd-pam-249-42.oe2203.x86_64 6/6
Installed:
accountsservice-0.6.55-1.oe2203.x86_64
gnome-themes-standard-3.27.90-4.oe2203.x86_64
lightdm-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64
lightdm-gobject-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64
lightdm-gtk-2.0.8-1.oe2203.x86_64
systemd-pam-249-42.oe2203.x86_64
Complete!
[root@scfuture-21 ~]#6.2.6 设置默认桌面为XFCE 启动
通过root权限用户设置
# echo 'user-session=xfce' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/60-lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf示例命令如下：
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# echo 'user-session=xfce' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/60-lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
[root@scfuture-21 ~]#6.2.7 使用登录管理器登录XFCE
# systemctl start lightdm登录管理器启动后，在右上角左侧选择"xfce-session" 输入用户名、密码登录
示例命令如下：
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# systemctl start lightdm
[root@scfuture-21 ~]#6.2.8 设置开机自启动图形界面
# systemctl enable lightdm
# systemctl set-default graphical.target示例命令如下：
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# systemctl enable lightdm
[root@scfuture-21 ~]#
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target
Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target.
[root@scfuture-21 ~]#6.2.9 重启生效
# reboot示例命令如下：
[root@scfuture-21 ~]# reboot6.3 XFCE图形界面
6.4 问题处理
- 异常问题：
dm登录界面背景是黑色的？
- 问题原因：
登录界面是黑色的是因为lghtdm-gtk默认配置文件/etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf中没有设置background。
# grep background /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# grep background /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
# background = Background file to use, either an image path or a color (e.g. #772953)
# user-background = false|true ("true" by default) Display user background (if available)
# transition-duration = Length of time (in milliseconds) to transition betweenbackground images ("500" by default)
# background = overrides default value
# user-background = overrides default value
#background=
#user-background=
[root@superman-21 ~]#- 问题解决：
在该配置文件最后的[greeter]段中设置 background=/usr/share/backgrounds/xfce/xfce-blue.jpg；然后systemctl restart lightdm 就可以看到背景了。
# vi /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
# systemctl restart lightdm示例命令如下：
[root@superman-21 ~]# cat /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
# LightDM GTK+ Configuration
# Available configuration options listed below.
#
# Appearance:
# theme-name = GTK+ theme to use
# icon-theme-name = Icon theme to use
# cursor-theme-name = Cursor theme to use
# cursor-theme-size = Cursor size to use
# background = Background file to use, either an image path or a color (e.g. #772953)
# user-background = false|true ("true" by default) Display user background (if available)
# transition-duration = Length of time (in milliseconds) to transition between background images ("500" by default)
# transition-type = ease-in-out|linear|none ("ease-in-out" by default)
#
# Fonts:
# font-name = Font to use
# xft-antialias = false|true Whether to antialias Xft fonts
# xft-dpi = Resolution for Xft in dots per inch (e.g. 96)
# xft-hintstyle = none|slight|medium|hintfull What degree of hinting to use
# xft-rgba = none|rgb|bgr|vrgb|vbgr Type of subpixel antialiasing
#
# Login window:
# active-monitor = Monitor to display greeter window (name or number). Use #cursor value to display greeter at monitor with cursor. Can be a semicolon separated list
# position = x y ("50% 50%" by default) Login window position
# default-user-image = Image used as default user icon, path or #icon-name
# hide-user-image = false|true ("false" by default)
#
# Panel:
# panel-position = top|bottom ("top" by default)
# clock-format = strftime-format string, e.g. %H:%M
# indicators = semi-colon ";" separated list of allowed indicator modules. Built-in indicators include "~a11y", "~language", "~session", "~power", "~clock", "~host", "~spacer". Unity indicators can be represented by short name (e.g. "sound", "power"), service file name, or absolute path
#
# Accessibility:
# a11y-states = states of accessibility features: "name" - save state on exit, "-name" - disabled at start (default value for unlisted), "+name" - enabled at start. Allowed names: contrast, font, keyboard, reader.
# keyboard = command to launch on-screen keyboard (e.g. "onboard")
# keyboard-position = x y[;width height] ("50%,center -0;50% 25%" by default) Works only for "onboard"
# reader = command to launch screen reader (e.g. "orca")
# at-spi-enabled = false|true ("true" by default) Enables accessibility at-spi-command if the greeter is built with it enabled
#
# Security:
# allow-debugging = false|true ("false" by default)
# screensaver-timeout = Timeout (in seconds) until the screen blanks when the greeter is called as lockscreen
#
# Template for per-monitor configuration:
# [monitor: name]
# background = overrides default value
# user-background = overrides default value
# laptop = false|true ("false" by default) Marks monitor as laptop display
# transition-duration = overrides default value
#
[greeter]
background=/usr/share/backgrounds/xfce/xfce-blue.jpg
#user-background=
#theme-name=
#icon-theme-name=
#font-name=
#xft-antialias=
#xft-dpi=
#xft-hintstyle=
#xft-rgba=
#indicators=
#clock-format=
#keyboard=
#reader=
#position=
#screensaver-timeout=
[root@superman-21 ~]#- 处理后结果：
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