一、LAMP架构案例

说明：该案例在prod生产环境配置

1）环境准备，定义file_roots环境

[root@salt-master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod
2）创建对应环境目录
[root@salt-master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,dev,prod}
[root@salt-master ~]# mkdir /srv/salt/prod/{httpd,php,mysql,files}
3）配置文件准备及测试文件准备
[root@salt-master ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf /srv/salt/prod/files/
[root@salt-master ~]# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /srv/salt/prod/files/
[root@salt-master ~]# cp /etc/php.ini  /srv/salt/prod/files/
[root@salt-master ~]# echo "<h1>LAMP html</h1>" >>/srv/salt/prod/files/index.html
[root@salt-master ~]# echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >> /srv/salt/prod/files/index.php
4）编写state sls状态文件
#httpd
[root@salt-master ~]# cat /srv/salt/prod/httpd/init.sls
apache-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - pkgs:
      - httpd
      - httpd-tools

apache-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    - source: salt://files/httpd.conf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644

apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True

#php
[root@salt-master ~]# cat /srv/salt/prod/php/init.sls
php-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - pkgs:
      - php
      - php-mysql
      - php-pdo
      - php-cli

php-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/php.ini
    - source: salt://files/php.ini
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644

#mysql
[root@salt-master ~]# cat /srv/salt/prod/mysql/init.sls
mariadb-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - pkgs:
      - mariadb-server
      - mariadb

mariadb-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/my.cnf
    - source: salt://files/my.cnf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644

mariadb-service:
  service.running:
    - name: mariadb
    - enable: True

#测试文件
[root@salt-master ~]# cat /srv/salt/prod/testfile.sls
/var/www/html/index.html:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://files/index.html

/var/www/html/index.php:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://files/index.php
6）topfile文件编写
[root@salt-master ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/top.sls
prod:
  'salt-minion*':     # All minions with a minion_id that begins with 'salt-minion'
    - httpd.init
    - php.init
    - mysql.init
    - testfile
7）部署LAMP整体state文件查看
[root@salt-master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
│   └── top.sls
├── dev
└── prod
    ├── files
    │   ├── httpd.conf
    │   ├── index.html
    │   ├── index.php
    │   ├── my.cnf
    │   └── php.ini
    ├── httpd
    │   └── init.sls
    ├── mysql
    │   └── init.sls
    ├── php
    │   └── init.sls
    └── testfile.sls
8）执行topfile
[root@salt-master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate

二、States状态依赖

通过上面的lamp可以看出已经可以使用state模块来定义minion的状态了，但是如果一个主机涉及多个状态，并且状态之间相互关联，在执行顺序上有先后之分，那么必须引用requisites来进行控制

关系说明：
1、require 我依赖某个状态，我依赖谁
2、require_in 我被某个状态依赖，谁依赖我
3、watch 我关注某个状态，当状态发生改变，进行restart或者reload操作
4、watch_in 我被某个状态关注
5、include 我引用谁

1）修改上面lamp状态间依赖关系

#httpd
[root@salt-master ~]# cat /srv/salt/prod/httpd/init.sls
apache-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - pkgs:
      - httpd
      - httpd-tools

apache-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    - source: salt://files/httpd.conf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
    - require:
      - pkg: apache-install   #表示上面apache-install执行成功，才能执行apache-config

apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True
    - require:
      - file: apache-config
    - watch:
      - file: apache-config

#php
[root@salt-master ~]# cat /srv/salt/prod/php/init.sls
php-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - pkgs:
      - php
      - php-mysql
      - php-pdo
      - php-cli
    - reqiure_in:
      - file: php-config

php-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/php.ini
    - source: salt://files/php.ini
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644

#mysql
[root@salt-master ~]# cat /srv/salt/prod/mysql/init.sls
mariadb-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - pkgs:
      - mariadb-server
      - mariadb

mariadb-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/my.cnf
    - source: salt://files/my.cnf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
    - require:
      - pkg: mariadb-install

mariadb-service:
  service.running:
    - name: mariadb
    - enable: True
    - reload: True
    - require:
      - file: mariadb-config
    - watch:
      - file: mariadb-config
2）修改引用关系后include
[root@salt-master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
│   └── top.sls
├── dev
└── prod
    ├── files
    │   ├── httpd.conf
    │   ├── index.html
    │   ├── index.php
    │   ├── my.cnf
    │   └── php.ini
    ├── httpd
    │   └── init.sls
    ├── lamp.sls
    ├── mysql
    │   └── init.sls
    ├── php
    │   └── init.sls
    └── testfile.sls

[root@salt-master ~]# cat /srv/salt/prod/lamp.sls
include:
  - httpd.init
  - php.init
  - mysql.init
  - testfile

[root@salt-master ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/top.sls
prod:
  'salt-minion*':
    - lamp

3）编写SLS技巧

1、按照状态分类，如果单独使用，清晰明了 2、按照服务分类，可以被其它SLS引用

三、Jinja模板使用

配置文件一般灵活多变，比如配置apache的IP地址或者端口PORT等，则可以动态传值。

Jinja2 模板包含变量和表达式，变量用 {{ … }} 包围，表达式用 {% … %} 包围。变量使用示例：

[root@salt-master ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/var.sls 
{% set var= 'hello world!' %}
test_var:
  cmd.run:
    - name: echo "测试变量 {{ var }}"

[root@salt-master ~]# salt 'salt-minion01' state.sls var
salt-minion01:
----------
          ID: test_var
    Function: cmd.run
        Name: echo "测试变量 hello world!"
      Result: True
     Comment: Command "echo "测试变量 hello world!"" run
     Started: 14:50:58.302424
    Duration: 12.358 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              pid:
                  22510
              retcode:
                  0
              stderr:
              stdout:
                  测试变量 hello world!

Summary for salt-minion01
------------
Succeeded: 1 (changed=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:  12.358 ms
jinja2 常用变量
1、字符串类型
{% set var = 'test' %}  #定义变量
{{ var }}  #调用变量
2、列表类型
{% set list = ['one', 'two', 'three'] %}
{{ list[1] }}  #获取变量的第一个值
3、字典类型
{% set dict = {'key1':'value1', 'key2':'value2'} %}
{{ dict['key1'] }}  #获取'key1'的值
示例1：Saltstack使用jinja模块配置apache监听端口
#1.告诉file状态模块，需要使用jinja
    - template: jinja
#2.列出参数列表
    - defaults:
      PORT: 8000
#3.配置文件引用jinja模板
{{ PORT }}

# 配置示例
apache-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    - source: salt://files/httpd.conf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
    - template: jinja
    - defaults:
      PORT: 8000

# 修改httpd.conf配置文件引用变量
Listen {{ PORT }}
示例2：使用grinas 方式进行赋值
#配置示例
apache-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    - source: salt://files/httpd.conf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
    - template: jinja
    - defaults:
      PORT: 8000
      IPADDR: {{ grains['fqdn_ip4'][0] }}

# 修改httpd.conf配置文件引用变量
Listen {{ IPADDR }}:{{ PORT }}
示例3：通过jinja+grains根据系统不同安装apache
[root@salt-master ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/httpd.sls
#根据grains获取的值判别系统后安装软件
httpd-install:
  pkg.installed:
{% if grains['os'] == 'CentOS' %}
    - name: httpd
{% elif grains['OS'] == 'Debin' %}
    - name: apache2
{% endif %}

执行结果如果报错，可以在minion节点上查看日志   ： tail -f /var/log/salt/minion