MapReduce是什么 




MapReduce是Hadoop(这种大数据处理生态环境)的编程模型。既然称为模型,则意味着它有固定的形式。




MapReduce编程模型,就是Hadoop生态环境进行数据分析处理的固定的编程形式。




这种固定的编程形式描述如下:




MapReduce任务过程被分为两个阶段:map阶段和reduce阶段。每个阶段都以键/值对作为输入和输出,并由程序员选择他们的类型。




也就是说,程序员只需要定义两个函数:map函数和reduce函数就好了,其他的计算过程交给hadoop就好了。




通过以上描述,我们可以看出:




MapReduce所能处理的场景实际是非常具体的,非常有限的,只是“数据的统计分析”场景。 




输入数据准备 




天气预报官方网址:ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/gsod/




但是,发现这个官方网址的文件格式和《Hadoop权威指南》( http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-07/65972.htm )所用的格式不一致,不知道是时间久了,官网的格式变了,还是作者对原始格式进行过处理,亦或这个网址根本不对,所以继而又到《Hadoop权威指南》指定的地址下载了一个,地址如下:




https://github.com/tomwhite/hadoop-book/tree/master/input/ncdc/all


如果简单测试,也可以把下面这几行粘贴到一个文本文件也行,这就是正确的天气文件:




0035029070999991902010113004+64333+023450FM-12+000599999V0201401N011819999999N0000001N9-01001+99999100311ADDGF104991999999999999999999MW1381


0035029070999991902010120004+64333+023450FM-12+000599999V0201401N013919999999N0000001N9-01171+99999100121ADDGF108991999999999999999999MW1381


0035029070999991902010206004+64333+023450FM-12+000599999V0200901N009819999999N0000001N9-01611+99999100121ADDGF108991999999999999999999MW1381


0029029070999991902010213004+64333+023450FM-12+000599999V0200901N011819999999N0000001N9-01721+99999100121ADDGF108991999999999999999999


0029029070999991902010220004+64333+023450FM-12+000599999V0200901N009819999999N0000001N9-01781+99999100421ADDGF108991999999999999999999




本文中,我们把存储天气格式的文本文件命名为:temperature.txt




 




MapReduce Java编程




 




有两套JavaAPI,旧的是org.apache.hadoop.mapred包,MapReduce编程是使用实现接口的方式;新的是org.apache.hadoop.marreduce包,MapReduce编程是使用继承抽象基类的方式;其实都差不多,下面都会有显示。




 




Maven




 <dependency>


  <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>


  <artifactId>hadoop-core</artifactId>


  <version>1.0.4</version>


 </dependency>




也可以不用官方的,用别人修改重新编译过的,可以直接在Eclipse里面像运行普通Java程序一样运行MapReduce。




编译过的hadoop-core-1.0.4.jar,可以在本地模拟MapReduce




如果Eclipse workspace在d:,则我们可以把d:的某个目录,比如d:\input作为输入目录;d:\output作为输出目录。




MapReduce编程模型里面这样写就可以了:




FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("/input"));




FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("/output"));




下载地址:




免费下载地址在 http://linux.linuxidc.com/




用户名与密码都是www.linuxidc.com




具体下载目录在 /2014年资料/4月/16日/MapReduce编程实战




下载方法见 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87684.htm




----------------------------------------------------------------------------




或者:




------------------------------------------分割线------------------------------------------




FTP地址:ftp://ftp1.linuxidc.com




用户名:ftp1.linuxidc.com




密码:www.linuxidc.com




在 2014年LinuxIDC.com\4月\MapReduce编程实战




下载方法见 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-10/91140.htm




------------------------------------------分割线------------------------------------------




下载后,直接覆盖maven资源库位置的文件即可。






接口方式




import java.io.IOException;


import java.util.Iterator;




import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;


import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;


import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;


import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileOutputFormat;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapReduceBase;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Mapper;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.OutputCollector;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reducer;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reporter;




public class MaxTemperature {




 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {


  JobConf conf = new JobConf(MaxTemperature.class);


  conf.setJobName("Max Temperature");




  // FileInputFormat.addInputPaths(conf, new Path(args[0]));


  // FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(conf, new Path(args[1]));




  FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(conf, new Path("/hadooptemp/input/2"));


  FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(conf, new Path("/hadooptemp/output"));




  conf.setMapperClass(MaxTemperatureMapper.class);


  conf.setReducerClass(MaxTemperatureReduce.class);




  conf.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);


  conf.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);




  JobClient.runJob(conf);


 }


}




class MaxTemperatureMapper extends MapReduceBase implements


  Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable> {


 private static final int MISSING = 9999;




 public void map(LongWritable key, Text value,


   OutputCollector<Text, IntWritable> output, Reporter reporter)


   throws IOException {


  String line = value.toString();


  String year = line.substring(15, 19);


  int airTemperature;


  if (line.charAt(87) == '+') {


   airTemperature = Integer.parseInt(line.substring(88, 92));


  } else {


   airTemperature = Integer.parseInt(line.substring(87, 92));


  }


  String quality = line.substring(92, 93);


  if (airTemperature != MISSING && quality.matches("[01459]")) {


   output.collect(new Text(year), new IntWritable(airTemperature));


  }


 }


}




class MaxTemperatureReduce extends MapReduceBase implements


  Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {


 public void reduce(Text key, Iterator<IntWritable> values,


   OutputCollector<Text, IntWritable> output, Reporter reporter)


   throws IOException {


  int maxValue = Integer.MIN_VALUE;


  while (values.hasNext()) {


   maxValue = Math.max(maxValue, values.next().get());


  }


  output.collect(key, new IntWritable(maxValue));




 }


}




抽象类方式




import java.io.IOException;


import java.util.Iterator;




import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;


import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;


import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;


import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;


import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;




public class NewMaxTemperature {




 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {




  Job job = new Job();


  job.setJarByClass(NewMaxTemperature.class);




  // FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));


  // FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));




  FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("/hadooptemp/input/2"));


  FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("/hadooptemp/output"));




  job.setMapperClass(NewMaxTemperatureMapper.class);


  job.setReducerClass(NewMaxTemperatureReduce.class);




  job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);


  job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);




  System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);


 }


}




class NewMaxTemperatureMapper extends


  Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable> {


 private static final int MISSING = 9999;




 public void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context)


   throws IOException, InterruptedException {


  String line = value.toString();


  String year = line.substring(15, 19);


  int airTemperature;


  if (line.charAt(87) == '+') {


   airTemperature = Integer.parseInt(line.substring(88, 92));


  } else {


   airTemperature = Integer.parseInt(line.substring(87, 92));


  }


  String quality = line.substring(92, 93);


  if (airTemperature != MISSING && quality.matches("[01459]")) {


   context.write(new Text(year), new IntWritable(airTemperature));


  }


 }


}




class NewMaxTemperatureReduce extends


  Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {


 public void reduce(Text key, Iterator<IntWritable> values, Context context)


   throws IOException, InterruptedException {


  int maxValue = Integer.MIN_VALUE;


  while (values.hasNext()) {


   maxValue = Math.max(maxValue, values.next().get());


  }


  context.write(key, new IntWritable(maxValue));




 }


}