sklearn实现逻辑回归_以python为工具【Python机器学习系列(十)】


文章目录

  • 1.线性逻辑回归
  • 2.非线性逻辑回归
  • 3.乳腺癌数据集案例



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python逻辑回归预测 逻辑回归 python sklearn_逻辑回归

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python逻辑回归预测 逻辑回归 python sklearn_机器学习_06


python逻辑回归预测 逻辑回归 python sklearn_python逻辑回归预测_07

今天分享的内容是,通过python的sklearn库实现线性逻辑回归和非线性逻辑回归。

  

python逻辑回归预测 逻辑回归 python sklearn_机器学习_08


1.线性逻辑回归

第一步,读取并提取数据:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression

# 读取数据
data = np.genfromtxt("data.csv", delimiter=",")
x_data = data[:, :-1]
y_data = data[:, -1]

然后定义绘制散点图的函数,为将数据分布更直观地展示:

def plot_logi():
    # 初始化列表
    x_0 = []
    y_0 = []
    x_1 = []
    y_1 = []
    # 分割不同类别的数据
    for i in range(len(x_data)):
        # 取类别为0的数据
        if y_data[i] == 0:
            # 将特征1添加到x_0中
            x_0.append(x_data[i, 0])
            # 将特征2添加到y_0中
            y_0.append(x_data[i, 1])
        else:
            # 将特征1添加到x_1中
            x_1.append(x_data[i, 0])
            # 将特征2添加到y_1中
            y_1.append(x_data[i, 1])

    # 画图
    plt.scatter(x_0, y_0, c="skyblue", marker="o", label="class0")
    plt.scatter(x_1, y_1, c="red", marker="x", label="class1")
    plt.legend()

输出数据分布散点图:

plot_logi()
plt.show()

      

python逻辑回归预测 逻辑回归 python sklearn_Python_09


第三步,训练模型

logistic = LogisticRegression()
logistic.fit(x_data, y_data)

# 截距
print(logistic.intercept_)
# 系数:theta1 theta2
print(logistic.coef_)
# 预测
pred = logistic.predict(x_data)
# 输出评分
score = logistic.score(x_data, y_data)
print(score)

输出结果如下图所示:

        

python逻辑回归预测 逻辑回归 python sklearn_机器学习_10


绘制出带有决策边界的散点图:

# 绘制散点
plot_logi()
# 绘制决策边界
x_test = np.array([[-4], [3]])
y_test = -(x_test*logistic.coef_[0, 0]+logistic.intercept_)/logistic.coef_[0, 1]
plt.plot(x_test, y_test)
plt.show()

        

python逻辑回归预测 逻辑回归 python sklearn_python_11


2.非线性逻辑回归

python实现非线性逻辑回归,首先使用make_gaussian_quantiles获取一组高斯分布的数据集,代码及数据分布如下:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn import linear_model
from sklearn.preprocessing import PolynomialFeatures
from sklearn.datasets import make_gaussian_quantiles


# 获取高斯分布的数据集,500个样本,2个特征,2分类
x_data, y_data = make_gaussian_quantiles(n_samples=500, n_features=2, n_classes=2)
# 绘制散点图
plt.scatter(x_data[:, 0], x_data[:, 1],c=y_data)
plt.show()

描述数据分布的散点图如图所示:

        

python逻辑回归预测 逻辑回归 python sklearn_Python_12


然后转换数据并训练模型以实现非线性逻辑回归:

# 数据转换,最高次项为五次项
poly_reg = PolynomialFeatures(degree=5)
x_poly = poly_reg.fit_transform(x_data)


# 定义逻辑回归模型
logistic = linear_model.LogisticRegression()
logistic.fit(x_poly, y_data)
score = logistic.score(x_poly, y_data)
print(score)

评分结果如图所示,达0.996:

        

python逻辑回归预测 逻辑回归 python sklearn_Python_13


3.乳腺癌数据集案例

以乳腺癌数据集为例,建立线性逻辑回归模型,并输出准确率,精确率,召回率三大指标,代码如下所示:

from sklearn.datasets import load_breast_cancer
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import recall_score
from sklearn.metrics import precision_score
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
import warnings

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")

# 获取数据
cancer = load_breast_cancer()
# 分割数据
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(cancer.data, cancer.target, test_size=0.2)

# 创建估计器
model = LogisticRegression()
# 训练
model.fit(X_train, y_train)

# 训练集准确率
train_score = model.score(X_train, y_train)
# 测试集准确率
test_score = model.score(X_test, y_test)
print('train score:{train_score:.6f};test score:{test_score:.6f}'.format(train_score=train_score, test_score=test_score))
print("==================================================================================")
# 再对X_test进行预测
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
print(y_pred)
# 准确率 所有的判断中有多少判断正确的
accuracy_score_value = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
# 精确率 预测为正的样本中有多少是对的
precision_score_value = precision_score(y_test, y_pred)
# 召回率 样本中有多少正样本被预测正确了
recall_score_value = recall_score(y_test, y_pred)

print("准确率:", accuracy_score_value)
print("精确率:", precision_score_value)
print("召回率:", recall_score_value)

# 输出报告模型评估报告
classification_report_value = classification_report(y_test, y_pred)

print(classification_report_value)

程序输出结果如下图所示:

python逻辑回归预测 逻辑回归 python sklearn_Python_14