一、定义：
在腐蚀和膨胀两个基本运算基础上，我们可以构造出形态学的运算簇，它是由上述两个运算的复合和集合操作（交、并、补等）组合成新的所有运算构成。其中两个最为重要的组合运算是形态学的开运算和闭运算。对于图像的机构元素S和图像X，开运算和闭运算的定义如下：
开运算：结构元素S先对图像进行腐蚀，然后又用结构元素对腐蚀的结果进行膨胀。
闭运算：结构元素S先对图像进行膨胀，然后又用结构元素对膨胀的结果进行腐蚀。
二、实例1：
1、开运算：
①如下图给出了两个给出了两个开运算的的例子，当是用圆盘结构元素时，在凸角点的周围图像的结合构形
无法容纳给定的结构元素圆盘，从而使角点背开运算删除。
②当是用线段结构的结构元素时，沿线段方向宽度较大的部分才能被保留下来，而较小的凸部分被剔除
③还可以看出开运算操作后对边界进行了平滑。
2、闭运算：
闭运算时通过填充图像的凹角来平滑图像
三、实例2：
1、如下图是用的是圆形的结构元素，这样可以保证算子对图像的旋转是不变的。
2、结构元素的直径比噪声信号（原图右上方黑点和原图中的孔洞）直径略大，这些噪声信号不可能包含这个结构
元素，这样一来对分别对它进行腐蚀运算和膨胀算后去除。
3、原图像的边界凹凸变形也会被腐蚀和膨胀进行平滑。
三、实例4
1、开运算可以消除散点和"毛刺"
如下图：消除毛刺后可以用原图减去结构图就得到了毛刺部分的图，可以通过判断毛刺部分的大小来判断工
合格。
2、闭合运算可以将两个邻近的目标连接起来
四、实例5
read_image (Image132, 'C:/132.jpg')
gen_region_runs (ROI_0, 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gen_circle (stru, 287.5, 277.661, 53.1937)
opening (ROI_0, stru, RegionOpening)
