Android ws协议 android socket协议

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mob6454cc719119 2023-11-21 23:25:39

文章标签 Android ws协议 java android ide 文章分类 Android 移动开发

Socket（套接字）是一种通信机制，可以实现单机或跨网络进行通信，其创建需要明确的区分C（客户端）/S（服务器端），支持多个客户端连接到同一个服务器。有两种传输模式：

1）、面向连接的传输：基于TCP协议，可靠性高，但效率低；

2）、面向无连接的传输：基于UDP协议，可靠性低，但效率高；

Android中，直接采用Socket通信应该是我们遇到的最低级的网络运用。尽管已经作了很大程度的抽象，但是纯粹的Socket通信，仍然给开发者留下很多细节需要处理，尤其在服务器端，开发者需要处理多线程以及数据缓冲等的设计问题。相对而言，处于更高抽象层的HTTP等，已经对Socket通信中需要处理的技术细节进行了很好的封装，开发者无须关心，因此，HTTP在网络开发中通常具有决定性的优势。

Android在其核心库的java包中，提供了用于客户端的Socket class和用于服务器端的ServerSocket class，分别位于$SOURCE/libcore/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Socket.java和$SOURCE/libcore/luni/src/main/java/java/net/ServerSocket.java文件中。分析两个class的源码，可以看出封装考虑的很全面，只构造方法一向每个class都考虑了很多种使用情况。由于本人只是初学者，很多理解的不深入，这里只抛砖引玉的对两个class的构造方法分别介绍一种，就是我下面的程序中用到的：

Socket(String dstName, int dstPort)：创建一个以流的方式（基于TCP协议）连接到目标机（这里可以理解为服务器）的客户端Socket；dstName是目标机的IP地址，dstPort是要连接的目标机的端口号。这里要注意对端口的理解，它不能理解为物理上的一个接口，而是对计算机中一块特殊内存区域的形象表述。

ServerSocket(int aport)：创建一个绑定到本机指定端口的服务端Socket；aport就是指定的本机端口。与上述客户端Socket对应，通过TCP连接时，ServerSocket创建后需要在aport端口上进行监听，等待客户端的连接。

启动 service 和 activity

mContext.startService(new Intent(mContext, SocketService.class));

         Intent intent = new Intent();
         intent.setClass(mContext, SocketClientDemo.class);
         mContext.startActivity(intent);

service ：服务端

package com.android.settings;

 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.BufferedWriter;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.net.ServerSocket;
 import java.net.Socket;

 import android.app.Service;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.os.IBinder;

 public class SocketService extends Service {
     Thread mServiceThread;

     Socket client;

     @Override
     public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
         return null;
     }

     @Override
     public void onCreate() {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super.onCreate();

         mServiceThread = new Thread(new SocketServerThread());
     }

     @Override
     public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super.onStart(intent, startId);

         mServiceThread.start();
     }

     @Override
     public void onDestroy() {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super.onDestroy();
     }

     public class SocketServerThread extends Thread {
         private static final int PORT = 54321;

         private SocketServerThread() {
         }

         @Override
         public void run() {
             try {
                 ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(PORT);

                 while (true) {
                     System.out.println("tian begin client connected");
                     client = server.accept();
                     System.out.println(" tian client connected");

                     BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
                             new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));
                     System.out.println(" tian read from client:");

                     String textLine = reader.readLine();
                     if (textLine.equalsIgnoreCase("EXIT")) {
                         System.out
                                 .println(" tian EXIT invoked, closing client");
                         break;
                     }

                     System.out.println(textLine);

                     PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(
                             new OutputStreamWriter(client.getOutputStream())));

                     System.out.println(" return tian read from client:"
                             + textLine);
                     writer.println(" tian ECHO from server: " + textLine);
                     writer.flush();

                     writer.close();
                     reader.close();
                 }
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                 System.err.println(e);
             }
         }

     }
 }
package com.android.settings;

 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.BufferedWriter;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.net.Socket;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;

 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.view.View;
 import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
 import android.widget.Button;
 import android.widget.EditText;
 import android.widget.TextView;

 public class SocketClientDemo extends Activity {
     private static final String SERVERIP = "127.0.0.1";
     private static final int SERVERPORT = 54321;

     private static final String TAG = "SocketClientDemo";

     TextView mMsgRev;
     EditText mMsgEdit;
     Button mMsgSendBtn;

     String mSendMsg;
     String mReceivedMsg;

     class MyThread implements Runnable {
         private String name;

         public MyThread(String name) {
             this.name = name;
         }

         public void run() {
             // for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             // System.out.println("线程开始：" + this.name + ",i=" + i);

             Log.d(TAG, "MyThread  execu");
             // }
         }
     };

     class MyThread2 extends Thread {

         @Override
         public void run() {
             // TODO Auto-generated method stub
             Log.d(TAG, "MyThread2  execu");
         }
     };

     class MyThread3 extends Thread {

         private String name;

         public MyThread3(String name) {
             // super();
             this.name = name;
         }

         @Override
         public void run() {
             // TODO Auto-generated method stub
             Log.d(TAG, "MyThread3  execu" + "name=" + name);

             Socket socket = null;
             mSendMsg = mMsgEdit.getText().toString();

             try {
                 socket = new Socket(SERVERIP, SERVERPORT);

                 PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(
                         new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())));
                 writer.println(mSendMsg);
                 writer.flush();

                 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
                         new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                 mReceivedMsg = reader.readLine();

                 Message meaage = mHander.obtainMessage();
                 meaage.arg1 = 1;
                 mHander.sendMessage(meaage);

                 writer.close();
                 reader.close();
                 socket.close();
             } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                 e.printStackTrace();
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         }
     }

     /** Called when the activity is first created. */
     @Override
     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         setContentView(R.xml.beidou_detail_preference_settings);

         mMsgRev = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.receive_msg);
         mMsgEdit = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_msg);
         mMsgSendBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_msg);

         mMsgSendBtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
             @Override
             public void onClick(View v) {

                 /*
                  * MyThread thread = new MyThread("00"); new
                  * Thread(thread).start();
                  * 
                  * new MyThread2().start();
                  */

                 MyThread3 thread3 = new MyThread3("33");
                 thread3.start();

             }
         });
     }

     final Handler mHander = new Handler() {

         @Override
         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
             // TODO Auto-generated method stub

             if (mReceivedMsg != null) {
                 mMsgRev.setText(mReceivedMsg);
             } else {
                 mMsgRev.setText("tian receive data error");
             }
             super.handleMessage(msg);
         }

     };
 }

activity : 客户端

package com.android.settings;

 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.BufferedWriter;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.net.Socket;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;

 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.view.View;
 import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
 import android.widget.Button;
 import android.widget.EditText;
 import android.widget.TextView;

 public class SocketClientDemo extends Activity {
     private static final String SERVERIP = "127.0.0.1";
     private static final int SERVERPORT = 54321;

     private static final String TAG = "SocketClientDemo";

     TextView mMsgRev;
     EditText mMsgEdit;
     Button mMsgSendBtn;

     String mSendMsg;
     String mReceivedMsg;

     class MyThread implements Runnable {
         private String name;

         public MyThread(String name) {
             this.name = name;
         }

         public void run() {
             // for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
             // System.out.println("线程开始：" + this.name + ",i=" + i);

             Log.d(TAG, "MyThread  execu");
             // }
         }
     };

     class MyThread2 extends Thread {

         @Override
         public void run() {
             // TODO Auto-generated method stub
             Log.d(TAG, "MyThread2  execu");
         }
     };

     class MyThread3 extends Thread {

         private String name;

         public MyThread3(String name) {
             // super();
             this.name = name;
         }

         @Override
         public void run() {
             // TODO Auto-generated method stub
             Log.d(TAG, "MyThread3  execu" + "name=" + name);

             Socket socket = null;
             mSendMsg = mMsgEdit.getText().toString();

             try {
                 socket = new Socket(SERVERIP, SERVERPORT);

                 PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(
                         new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())));
                 writer.println(mSendMsg);
                 writer.flush();

                 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
                         new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                 mReceivedMsg = reader.readLine();

                 Message meaage = mHander.obtainMessage();
                 meaage.arg1 = 1;
                 mHander.sendMessage(meaage);

                 writer.close();
                 reader.close();
                 socket.close();
             } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                 e.printStackTrace();
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         }
     }

     /** Called when the activity is first created. */
     @Override
     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         setContentView(R.xml.beidou_detail_preference_settings);

         mMsgRev = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.receive_msg);
         mMsgEdit = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_msg);
         mMsgSendBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_msg);

         mMsgSendBtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
             @Override
             public void onClick(View v) {

                 /*
                  * MyThread thread = new MyThread("00"); new
                  * Thread(thread).start();
                  * 
                  * new MyThread2().start();
                  */

                 MyThread3 thread3 = new MyThread3("33");
                 thread3.start();

             }
         });
     }

     final Handler mHander = new Handler() {

         @Override
         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
             // TODO Auto-generated method stub

             if (mReceivedMsg != null) {
                 mMsgRev.setText(mReceivedMsg);
             } else {
                 mMsgRev.setText("tian receive data error");
             }
             super.handleMessage(msg);
         }

     };
 }

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