一 目的
本节的目的就是为了讲清楚 Android 中的 Surface 系统,大家耳熟能详的 SurfaceFlinger 到底是个什么东西,它的工作流程又是怎样的。当然,鉴于 SurfaceFlinger
一个 Activity
接着我们把其中的关键调用抽象在 Native 层,以这些函数调用为切入点来研究 SurfaceFlinger
二 Activity
最初的想法就是, Activity 获得一块显存,然后在上面绘图,最后交给设备去显示。这个道理是没错,但是 Android 的 SurfaceFlinger 是在 System Server 进程中创建的, Activity 一般另有线程,这之间是如何 ...
好吧,我们从
Activity
framework/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java 中,这里有个函数叫 handleLaunchActivity
[---->ActivityThread:: handleLaunchActivity()]
private final void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
if (a != null) {
r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
Bundle oldState = r.state;
handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward);
----> 调用handleResumeActivity
}
handleLaunchActivity 中会调用 handleResumeActivity
[--->ActivityThread:: handleResumeActivity]
final void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean clearHide, boolean isForward) {
boolean willBeVisible = !a.mStartedActivity;
if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
a.mDecor = decor;
l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
a.mWindowAdded = true;
wm.addView(decor, l); //
}
上面 addView 那几行非常关键,它关系到咱们在 Activity 中 setContentView 后,整个 Window 到底都包含了些什么。我先告诉大家。所有你创建的 View 之上,还有一个 DecorView ,这是一个 FrameLayout ,另外还有一个 PhoneWindow
framework/Policies/Base/Phone/com/android/Internal/policy/impl 。这些隐藏的 View 的创建都是由你在 Acitivty 的 onCreate 中调用 setContentView
[---->PhoneWindow:: addContentView]
public void addContentView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
if (mContentParent == null) { // 刚创建的时候mContentParent
installDecor();
}
mContentParent.addView(view, params);
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null) {
cb.onContentChanged();
}
}
installDecor 将创建mDecor 和mContentParent 。mDecor 是DecorView
mContentParent 是ViewGroup
private void installDecor() {
if (mDecor == null) {
mDecor = generateDecor();
mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
}
if (mContentParent == null) {
mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
那么, ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager()
PhoneWindow 从 Window 中派生, Acitivity 创建的时候会调用它的 setWindowManager 。而这个函数由 Window
代码在 framework/base/core/java/android/view/Window.java
public void setWindowManager(WindowManager wm,IBinder appToken, String appName) {
mAppToken = appToken;
mAppName = appName;
if (wm == null) {
wm = WindowManagerImpl.getDefault();
}
mWindowManager = new LocalWindowManager(wm);
}
你看见没,分析 JAVA 代码这个东西真的很复杂。 mWindowManager 的实现是 LocalWindowManager ,但由通过 Bridge 模式把功能交给 WindowManagerImpl
真的很复杂!
好了,罗里罗嗦的,我们回到 wm.addView(decor, l) 。最终会由 WindowManagerImpl
addView
代码在 framework/base/core/java/android/view/WindowManagerImpl.java
[---->addView]
private void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params, boolean nest)
{
ViewRoot root; //ViewRoot
synchronized (this) {
root = new ViewRoot(view.getContext());
root.mAddNesting = 1;
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
if (mViews == null) {
index = 1;
mViews = new View[1];
mRoots = new ViewRoot[1];
mParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams[1];
} else {
}
index--;
mViews[index] = view;
mRoots[index] = root;
mParams[index] = wparams;
}
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
}
ViewRoot 是整个显示系统中最为关键的东西,看起来这个东西好像和 View 有那么点关系,其实它根本和 View 等 UI 关系不大,它不过是一个 Handler 罢了,唯一有关系的就是它其中有一个变量为 Surface 类型。我们看看它的定义。 ViewRoot
framework/base/core/java/android/view/ViewRoot.java
public final class ViewRoot extends Handler implements ViewParent,
View.AttachInfo.Callbacks
{
private final Surface mSurface = new Surface();
}
它竟然从handler 派生,而ViewParent
看到 Surface 直觉上感到它和 SurfaceFlinger
Surface 代码在 framework/base/core/java/android/view/Surface.java
public Surface() {
mCanvas = new CompatibleCanvas(); // 就是创建一个Canvas
}
如果你有兴趣的话,看看 Surface 其他构造函数,最终都会调用 native 的实现,而这些 native 的实现将和 SurfaceFlinger 建立关系,但我们这里 ViewRoot 中的 mSurface 显然还没有到这一步。那它到底是怎么和 SurfaceFlinger
另外,为什么 ViewRoot 是主人公呢?因为 ViewRoot 建立了客户端和 SystemServer
public ViewRoot(Context context) {
super();
....
getWindowSession(context.getMainLooper());
}
getWindowsession 将建立和WindowManagerService
ublic static IWindowSession getWindowSession(Looper mainLooper) {
synchronized (mStaticInit) {
if (!mInitialized) {
try {
//sWindowSession 是通过Binder
InputMethodManager imm = InputMethodManager.getInstance(mainLooper);
sWindowSession = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface(
ServiceManager.getService("window"))
.openSession(imm.getClient(), imm.getInputContext());
mInitialized = true;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
}
return sWindowSession;
}
}
上面跨 Binder 的进程调用另一端是 WindowManagerService
framework/base/services/java/com/android/server/WindowManagerService.java
回过头来看看 ViewRoot
[-->ViewRoot::setView()]
public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
View panelParentView) {
synchronized (this) {
requestLayout();
try {
res = sWindowSession.add(mWindow, mWindowAttributes,
getHostVisibility(), mAttachInfo.mContentInsets);
}
}
requestLayout 实现很简单,就是往 handler
public void requestLayout() {
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals(); // 发送DO_TRAVERSAL
}
public void scheduleTraversals() {
if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = true;
sendEmptyMessage(DO_TRAVERSAL);
}
}
我们看看跨进程的那个调用。 sWindowSession.add 。它的最终实现在 WindowManagerService
[--->WindowSession::add()]
public int add(IWindow window, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
int viewVisibility, Rect outContentInsets) {
return addWindow(this, window, attrs, viewVisibility, outContentInsets);
}
WindowSession 是个内部类,会调用外部类的 addWindow
这个函数巨复杂无比,但是我们的核心目标是找到创建显示相关的部分。所以,最后精简的话就简单了。
[--->WindowManagerService:: addWindow]
public int addWindow(Session session, IWindow client,
WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, int viewVisibility,
Rect outContentInsets) {
// 创建一个WindowState
win = new WindowState(session, client, token,
attachedWindow, attrs, viewVisibility);
win.attach();
return res;
}
WindowState 类中有一个和 Surface 相关的成员变量,叫 SurfaceSession
attach 函数中被创建。 SurfaceSession 嘛,就和 SurfaceFlinger
好,我们知道 ViewRoot 创建及调用 add 后,我们客户端的 View 系统就和 WindowManagerService
另外,我们知道 ViewRoot 是一个 handler ,而且刚才我们调用了 requestLayout ,所以接下来消息循环下一个将调用的就是 ViewRoot 的 handleMessage
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case DO_TRAVERSAL:
performTraversals();
performTraversals 更加复杂无比,经过我仔细挑选,目标锁定为下面几个函数。当然,后面我们还会回到 performTraversals ,不过我们现在更感兴趣的是 Surface
private void performTraversals() {
// cache mView since it is used so much below...
final View host = mView;
boolean initialized = false;
boolean contentInsetsChanged = false;
boolean visibleInsetsChanged;
try {
//ViewRoot 也有一个Surface 成员变量,叫mSurface ,这个就是代表SurfaceFlinger
//ViewRoot 在这个Surface 上作画,最后将由SurfaceFlinger 来合成显示。刚才说了mSurface
relayoutResult = relayoutWindow(params, viewVisibility, insetsPending);
[---->ViewRoot:: relayoutWindow()]
private int relayoutWindow(WindowManager.LayoutParams params, int viewVisibility,
boolean insetsPending) throws RemoteException {
//relayOut 是跨进程调用,mSurface
int relayoutResult = sWindowSession.relayout(
mWindow, params,
(int) (mView.mMeasuredWidth * appScale + 0.5f),
(int) (mView.mMeasuredHeight * appScale + 0.5f),
viewVisibility, insetsPending, mWinFrame,
mPendingContentInsets, mPendingVisibleInsets,
mPendingConfiguration, mSurface); mSurface
}
我们赶紧转到 WindowManagerService
public int relayoutWindow(Session session, IWindow client,
WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, int requestedWidth,
int requestedHeight, int viewVisibility, boolean insetsPending,
Rect outFrame, Rect outContentInsets, Rect outVisibleInsets,
Configuration outConfig, Surface outSurface){
.....
try {
//
// 其中win 是我们最初创建的WindowState
Surface surface = win.createSurfaceLocked();
if (surface != null) {
// 先创建一个本地surface ,然后把传入的参数outSurface copyFrom
outSurface.copyFrom(surface);
win.mReportDestroySurface = false;
win.mSurfacePendingDestroy = false;
} else {
outSurface.release();
}
}
}
[--->WindowState::createSurfaceLocked]
Surface createSurfaceLocked() {
try {
mSurface = new Surface(
mSession.mSurfaceSession, mSession.mPid,
mAttrs.getTitle().toString(),
0, w, h, mAttrs.format, flags);
}
Surface.openTransaction();
这里使用了 Surface
public Surface(SurfaceSession s,
int pid, String name, int display, int w, int h, int format, int flags)
throws OutOfResourcesException {
mCanvas = new CompatibleCanvas();
init(s,pid,name,display,w,h,format,flags); ----> 调用了native 的init
mName = name;
}
到这里,不进入 JNI
l add 中, new 了一个 SurfaceSession
l 创建 new 了一个 Surface
l 调用 copyFrom ,把本地 Surface 信息传到 outSurface
JNI
上面两个类的 JNI 实现都在 framework/base/core/jni/android_view_Surface.cpp
[---->SurfaceSession:: SurfaceSession()]
public class SurfaceSession {
/** Create a new connection with the surface flinger. */
public SurfaceSession() {
init();
}
它的 init
[--->SurfaceSession_init]
static void SurfaceSession_init(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
//SurfaceSession 对应为SurfaceComposerClient
sp<SurfaceComposerClient> client = new SurfaceComposerClient;
client->incStrong(clazz);
//Google 常用做法,在JAVA 对象中保存C++
env->SetIntField(clazz, sso.client, (int)client.get());
}
Surface 的 init
[--->Surface_init]
static void Surface_init(
JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,
jobject session,
jint pid, jstring jname, jint dpy, jint w, jint h, jint format, jint flags)
{
SurfaceComposerClient* client =
(SurfaceComposerClient*)env->GetIntField(session, sso.client);
sp<SurfaceControl> surface;
if (jname == NULL) {