【Opencv】识别信用卡数字【代码实现】

主要用到模板匹配,轮廓外接矩形等——根据银行卡实际情况来做的不具有普适性,但车牌扫描可以参考。

直接上代码:

识别信用卡数字:如下图:

opencv图像识别数字 基于opencv的数字识别_opencv图像识别数字


最终达成效果:

opencv图像识别数字 基于opencv的数字识别_opencv图像识别数字_02


提供数字模板:

opencv图像识别数字 基于opencv的数字识别_opencv图像识别数字_03

主代码:opencv_study_CreditNumberMatch.py

# 导入工具包
from imutils import contours
import numpy as np
import argparse
import cv2
import myutils

# 设置参数
ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("-i", "--image", default='images/credit_card_02.png',
                help="path to input image")
ap.add_argument("-t", "--template", default='images/ocr_a_reference.png',
                help="path to template OCR-A image")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())

# 指定信用卡类型
FIRST_NUMBER = {
    "3": "American Express",
    "4": "Visa",
    "5": "MasterCard",
    "6": "Discover Card"
}


# 绘图展示
def cv_show(name, img):
    cv2.imshow(name, img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()


# 读取一个模板图像
img = cv2.imread(args["template"])
cv_show('img', img)
# 灰度图
ref = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv_show('ref', ref)
# 二值图像
ref = cv2.threshold(ref, 10, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)[1]
cv_show('ref', ref)

# 计算轮廓
# cv2.findContours()函数接受的参数为二值图,即黑白的(不是灰度图),cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL只检测外轮廓,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE只保留终点坐标
# 返回的list中每个元素都是图像中的一个轮廓
# 轮廓检测时,传入的时二值图像的copy()
# cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL只检测外轮廓
refCnts, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(ref.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
# 上述操作只需要轮廓refCnts【共10个,从0到9十个轮廓】就可以
# 下面的-1是画出所有轮廓
cv2.drawContours(img, refCnts, -1, (0, 0, 255), 3)
cv_show('img', img)
print(np.array(refCnts).shape)
# 对轮廓进行排序,在myutils
refCnts = myutils.sort_contours(refCnts, method="left-to-right")[0]  # 排序,从左到右,从上到下
digits = {}

# 遍历每一个轮廓
for (i, c) in enumerate(refCnts):
    # 计算外接矩形并且resize成合适大小
    (x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
    roi = ref[y:y + h, x:x + w]
    roi = cv2.resize(roi, (57, 88))

    # 每一个数字对应每一个模板
    digits[i] = roi

# 初始化卷积核
rectKernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (9, 3))
sqKernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (5, 5))

# 读取输入图像,预处理
image = cv2.imread(args["image"])
cv_show('image', image)
image = myutils.resize(image, width=300)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv_show('gray', gray)

# 礼帽操作,突出更明亮的区域
tophat = cv2.morphologyEx(gray, cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT, rectKernel)
cv_show('tophat', tophat)
#
gradX = cv2.Sobel(tophat, ddepth=cv2.CV_32F, dx=1, dy=0,  # ksize=-1相当于用3*3的
                  ksize=-1)

gradX = np.absolute(gradX)
(minVal, maxVal) = (np.min(gradX), np.max(gradX))
gradX = (255 * ((gradX - minVal) / (maxVal - minVal)))
gradX = gradX.astype("uint8")

print(np.array(gradX).shape)
cv_show('gradX', gradX)

# 通过闭操作(先膨胀,再腐蚀)将数字连在一起
gradX = cv2.morphologyEx(gradX, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, rectKernel)
cv_show('gradX', gradX)
# THRESH_OTSU会自动寻找合适的阈值,适合双峰,需把阈值参数设置为0
thresh = cv2.threshold(gradX, 0, 255,
                       cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]
cv_show('thresh', thresh)

# 再来一个闭操作

thresh = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, sqKernel)  # 再来一个闭操作
cv_show('thresh', thresh)

# 计算轮廓

threshCnts, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
                                                  cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

cnts = threshCnts
cur_img = image.copy()
cv2.drawContours(cur_img, cnts, -1, (0, 0, 255), 3)
cv_show('img', cur_img)
locs = []

# 遍历轮廓
for (i, c) in enumerate(cnts):
    # 计算矩形
    (x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
    ar = w / float(h)

    # 选择合适的区域,根据实际任务来,这里的基本都是四个数字一组
    # 只要那四个字符的轮廓
    if ar > 2.5 and ar < 4.0:

        if (w > 40 and w < 55) and (h > 10 and h < 20):
            # 符合的留下来
            locs.append((x, y, w, h))

# 将符合的轮廓从左到右排序
locs = sorted(locs, key=lambda x: x[0])
output = []

# 遍历每一个轮廓中的数字
for (i, (gX, gY, gW, gH)) in enumerate(locs):
    # initialize the list of group digits
    groupOutput = []

    # 根据坐标提取每一个组
    group = gray[gY - 5:gY + gH + 5, gX - 5:gX + gW + 5]
    cv_show('group', group)
    # 预处理
    group = cv2.threshold(group, 0, 255,
                          cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]
    cv_show('group', group)
    # 计算每一组的轮廓
    digitCnts, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(group.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
                                                    cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
    digitCnts = contours.sort_contours(digitCnts,
                                       method="left-to-right")[0]

    # 计算每一组中的每一个数值
    for c in digitCnts:
        # 找到当前数值的轮廓,resize成合适的的大小
        (x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
        roi = group[y:y + h, x:x + w]
        roi = cv2.resize(roi, (57, 88))
        cv_show('roi', roi)

        # 计算匹配得分
        scores = []

        # 在模板中计算每一个得分
        for (digit, digitROI) in digits.items():
            # 模板匹配
            result = cv2.matchTemplate(roi, digitROI,
                                       cv2.TM_CCOEFF)
            # score处于Max位置
            (_, score, _, _) = cv2.minMaxLoc(result)
            scores.append(score)

        # 得到最合适的数字
        groupOutput.append(str(np.argmax(scores)))

    # 画出来
    cv2.rectangle(image, (gX - 5, gY - 5),
                  (gX + gW + 5, gY + gH + 5), (0, 0, 255), 1)
    cv2.putText(image, "".join(groupOutput), (gX, gY - 15),
                cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.65, (0, 0, 255), 2)

    # 得到结果
    output.extend(groupOutput)

# 打印结果
print("Credit Card Type: {}".format(FIRST_NUMBER[output[0]]))
print("Credit Card #: {}".format("".join(output)))
cv2.imshow("Image", image)
cv2.waitKey(0)

会用到的:myutils.py

import cv2


def sort_contours(cnts, method="left-to-right"):
    reverse = False
    i = 0

    if method == "right-to-left" or method == "bottom-to-top":
        reverse = True

    if method == "top-to-bottom" or method == "bottom-to-top":
        i = 1
    boundingBoxes = [cv2.boundingRect(c) for c in cnts]  # 用一个最小的矩形,把找到的形状包起来x,y,h,w
    (cnts, boundingBoxes) = zip(*sorted(zip(cnts, boundingBoxes),
                                        key=lambda b: b[1][i], reverse=reverse))

    return cnts, boundingBoxes


def resize(image, width=None, height=None, inter=cv2.INTER_AREA):
    dim = None
    (h, w) = image.shape[:2]
    if width is None and height is None:
        return image
    if width is None:
        r = height / float(h)
        dim = (int(w * r), height)
    else:
        r = width / float(w)
        dim = (width, int(h * r))
    resized = cv2.resize(image, dim, interpolation=inter)
    return resized

实验效果:

opencv图像识别数字 基于opencv的数字识别_opencv图像识别数字_04


opencv图像识别数字 基于opencv的数字识别_opencv图像识别数字_05


opencv图像识别数字 基于opencv的数字识别_git_06


opencv图像识别数字 基于opencv的数字识别_git_07

opencv图像识别数字 基于opencv的数字识别_opencv图像识别数字_08


这个实验用模板匹配其实不具备普适性,所以简单记录一下跑通的代码和效果,运行无误,理解不难,这个代码有不理解的可以参考:这个视频

opencv图像识别数字 基于opencv的数字识别_python_09


---------------------EchoZhang----03/29补03/28------------------