在写javaweb项目的时候,总会遇到路径书写的问题,现在将其作个总结。

在javaweb中需要书写路径的地方主要有这四大类:

客服端路径
超链接
表当
重定向

服务器端路径
转发
包含

资源获取路径
servletContext获取资源
ClassLoader获取资源
Class获取资源
<url-pattern>路径

现分别作介绍
其构建的javaweb如下:

1客服端路径



A超链接



[html] view plain copy

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"  

pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  

<html>  

<head>  

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">  

<title>页面A</title>  

</head>  

<body>  

<!--

超链接和表当都有三种书写路径的方式 


1,绝对地址 


2,以"/"开头的相对地址 


3,不以"/"开头的相对地址 


-->  


<!-- 1.绝对地址 -->  

<!-- 完整的URL -->  

<a href="http://localhost:8080/javaee/jsp/b.jsp">这是绝对地址超链接</a><br/>  


<!-- 2.以"/"开头的相对地址 -->  

<!-- /代表了整个web项目,即:http://localhost:8080/ -->  

<a href="/javaee/jsp/b.jsp">这是以"/"开头的相对地址超链接</a><br/>  


<!-- 3.不以"/"开头的相对地址 -->  

<!--


不以/开头,则相对于当前资源的路径 


当前资源的路径为:http://localhost:8080/javaee/jsp/ 


而b.jsp也在此路径下 


所以直接书写b.jsp 

-->  

<a href="b.jsp">这是不以"/"开头的相对地址超链接</a><br/>  

</body>  

</html>


B表单



<!-- 表单提交到Servlet --> 


<!-- 


表单提交到Servlet有三种书写方式 


1,绝对路径 


2,以"/"开头的相对地址 


3,不以"/"开头的相对地址 


-->  

<!-- 1.绝对地址 -->  

<!-- 完整的URL -->  

<form action="http://localhost:8080/javaee/PathServlet" methoe="get">  

username:<input type="text" name="username" value="">  

<input type="submit" value="表单提交到Servlet---绝对地址">  

</form>  


<!-- 2.以/开头的相对地址 -->  

<!-- 此时的/代表整个web项目,即:http://localhost:8080/ -->  

<form action="/javaee/PathServlet" methoe="get">  

username:<input type="text" name="username" value="">  

<input type="submit" value="表单提交到Servlet---以/开头的相对地址">  

</form>  

<!-- 3.不以/开头的相对地址 -->  

<!--


不以/开头的相对路径是相对于当前资源的路径 


此时form.jsp的地址为:http://localhost:8080/javaee/jsp/form.jsp 


所以当前资源路径为:http://localhost:8080/javaee/jsp 


而要提交的Servlet的路径为Http://localhost:8080/javaee/PathServlet 


所以路径为当前路径的上一级路径下 


即路径为:../PathServlet 


注:.代表当前路径 


..代表当前路径的上一级路径 


-->  

<form action="../PathServlet" methoe="get">  

username:<input type="text" name="username" value="">  

<input type="submit" value="表单提交到Servlet---不以/开头的相对地址">  

</form>  

</body>  

</html>


2服务器端路径

A请求转发


[java] view plain copy

package cn.ccnu.path;  


import java.io.IOException;  


import javax.servlet.ServletException;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  

/*  

* 服务器端的路径不能是绝对路径,只能是相对路径,也分为以/开头和不以/开头两种  

* 1.以"/"开头的相对路径  

* 2.不以"/"开头的相对路径  

*/  

public class DispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet {  


public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  

throws ServletException, IOException {  

/*  

* 1.以"/"开头的相对路径  

* 此时,/代表当前web项目,即:http://localhost:8080/javaee  

*/  

// request.getRequestDispatcher("/jsp/b.jsp").forward(request, response);  

/*  

* 2.不以"/"开头的相对路径  

* 相对于当前资源的相对路径  

* 此时,当前资源的路径为:http://localhost:8080/javaee/DispatcherServlet  

* 所以要转发去的资源的路径以:http://localhost:8080/javaee开头  

*/  

request.getRequestDispatcher("jsp/b.jsp").forward(request, response);  

}  


public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  

throws ServletException, IOException {  

doGet(request, response);  

}  


}


B请求包含


[java] view plain copy

package cn.ccnu.path;  


import java.io.IOException;  


import javax.servlet.ServletException;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  

/*  

* 请求包含不能书写绝对地址,只能书写相对地址  

* 1.以"/"开头的相对路径  

* 2.不以"/"开头的相对路径  

*  

*/  

public class IncludeServlet extends HttpServlet {  


public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  

throws ServletException, IOException {  

/*  

* 1.以"/"开头的相对路径  

* 此时,/代表当前web项目,即:http://localhost:8080/javaee  

*/  

// request.getRequestDispatcher("/jsp/b.jsp").include(request, response);  

/*  

* 2.不以"/"开头的相对路径  

* 相对于当前资源的相对路径  

* 此时,当前资源的路径为:http://localhost:8080/javaee/IncludeServlet  

* 所以要转发去的资源的路径以:http://localhost:8080/javaee开头  

*/  

request.getRequestDispatcher("jsp/b.jsp").include(request, response);  

}  


public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  

throws ServletException, IOException {  

doGet(request, response);  

}  


}


3资源获取路径

AServletContext获取资源


[java] view plain copy

package cn.ccnu.path;  


import java.io.IOException;  

import java.io.InputStream;  

import java.util.Properties;  


import javax.servlet.ServletException;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  

/*  

* ServletContext获取资源必须是相对路径,不能是绝对路径,但不管是以/开头,还是不以/开头,  

* 都是相对于当前资源的相对路径  

*  

*/  

public class ServletContextServlet extends HttpServlet {  


public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  

throws ServletException, IOException {  

String path1 = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/a.properties");  

String path2 = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("a.properties");  

System.out.println(path1);  

System.out.println(path2);  

//输出的地址一样  

}  


public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  

throws ServletException, IOException {  

doGet(request, response);  

}  


}  

BClassLoader获取资源
 
[java] view plain copy 

package cn.ccnu.classloaderpath;  


import java.io.IOException;  

import java.io.InputStream;  

import java.util.Properties;  


import javax.servlet.ServletException;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  

/*  

* ClassLoader类加载器不能通过绝对地址来加载资源,只能通过相对地址来加载资源  

* 但相对地址不管前面加不加/都是相当于类路径的相对地址  

*  

*/  

public class ClassLoaderServlet extends HttpServlet {  


public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  

throws ServletException, IOException {  

/*  

* 加了/,其地址是相对于类路径的相对地址  

*/  

// InputStream in = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("/cn/ccnu/classloaderpath/c.properties");  

// Properties prop = new Properties();  

// prop.load(in);  

// System.out.println(prop.getProperty("url"));  


/*  

* 不加/,其地址是相对于类路径的相对地址  

*/  

InputStream in = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("cn/ccnu/classloaderpath/c.properties");  

Properties prop = new Properties();  

prop.load(in);  

System.out.println(prop.getProperty("url"));  

/*  

* 总结:不能使用绝对地址,而只能只用相对地址  

* 且不管加不加/的相对地址,都是相对于类路径的相对地址  

*  

*/  

}  


public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  

throws ServletException, IOException {  

doGet(request, response);  

}  


}
 CClass获取资源 
[java] view plain copy 

package cn.ccnu.classpath;  


import java.io.IOException;  

import java.io.InputStream;  

import java.util.Properties;  


import javax.servlet.ServletException;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  

/*  

* Class读取资源不能是绝对路径,只能是相对路径,又分为以/开头或者是不以/开头  

* 1.以/开头的相对路径  

* 2.不以/开头的相对路径  

*/  

public class ClassServlet extends HttpServlet {  


public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  

throws ServletException, IOException {  

/*  

* 1.以/开头的相对路径  

* 此时的/代表类路径,即:/javaee/WEB-INF/classes  

*/  

// InputStream in = ClassServlet.class.getResourceAsStream("/cn/ccnu/classpath/b.properties");  

// Properties porp = new Properties();  

// porp.load(in);  

// System.out.println(porp.getProperty("url"));  

/*  

* 2.不以/开头的相对路径  

* 此时相对的是:类ClassServlet.class的路径,即:\javaee\WEB-INF\classes\cn\ccnu\classpath  

* 即:/javaee/WEB-INF/classes/cn/ccnu/classpath  

*/  

InputStream in = ClassServlet.class.getResourceAsStream("b.properties");  

Properties porp = new Properties();  

porp.load(in);  

System.out.println(porp.getProperty("url"));  


}  


public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  

throws ServletException, IOException {  

doGet(request, response);  

}  


}


4<url-pattern>路径


要么以“*”开关,要么为“/”开头,当通常情况看下,我们都会以"/"开头。