具体内容如下:

1 os.system

例如 ipython中运行如下命令,返回运行状态status

os.system('cat /etc/passwdqc.conf')
min=disabled,24,11,8,7
max=40
passphrase=3
match=4
similar=deny
random=47
enforce=everyone
retry=3
Out[6]: 0

2 os.popen()

popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe

Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.

运行返回结果

In [20]: output = os.popen('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
In [21]: lineLen = []
In [22]: for line in output.readlines():
lineLen.append(len(line))
....:
In [23]: line
line lineLen
In [23]: lineLen
Out[23]:
[14,
25,
...

3 如何同时返回结果和运行状态,commands模块:

#String form: 
File:/usr/lib64/python2.7/commands.py
Docstring:
Execute shell commands via os.popen()and return status, output.
Interface summary:
import commands
outtext= commands.getoutput(cmd)
(exitstatus, outtext)= commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)
outtext= commands.getstatus(file)# returns output of "ls -ld file"
A trailing newlineis removedfrom the output string.
Encapsulates the basic operation:
pipe= os.popen('{ ' + cmd+ '; } 2>&1','r')
text= pipe.read()
sts= pipe.close()
commands示例如下:
In [24]: (status, output) = commands.getstatusoutput('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
In [25]: status
Out[25]: 0
In [26]: len(output)
Out[26]: 3859

4 使用模块subprocess

ipython 中运行"?subprocess"可以发现subprocess是python用来替换os.popen()等管道操作命令的新模块

A more real-world example would look like this:

try:
retcode= call("mycmd" + " myarg", shell=True)
if retcode <0:
print >>sys.stderr,"Child was terminated by signal",-retcode
else:
print >>sys.stderr,"Child returned", retcode
except OSError, e:
print >>sys.stderr,"Execution failed:", e

相对于上面几种方式,subprocess便于控制和监控进程运行结果,subprocess提供多种函数便于应对父进程对子进程不同要求:

4.1.1 subprocess.call()

父进程父进程等待子进程完成,返回exit code

4.1.2 subprocess.check_call()

父进程等待子进程完成,返回0,如果returncode不为0,则举出错误subprocess.CalledProcessError,该对象包含有returncode属性,可用try...except...来检查

4.1.3 subprocess.check_output()

父进程等待子进程完成

返回子进程向标准输出的输出结果

检查退出信息,如果returncode不为0,则举出错误subprocess.CalledProcessError,该对象包含有returncode属性和output属性,output属性为标准输出的输出结果,可用try...except...来检查

例如:

In [32]: out = subprocess.call("ls -l", shell=True)

total 42244

-rw-rw-r--. 1 *** *** 366 May 26 09:10 ChangeLog

4.2.1

上面三个函数都是源于Popen()函数的wapper(封装),如果需要更加个性化应用,那么就需要使用popen()函数

Popen对象创建后,主程序不会自动等待子进程完成。我们必须调用对象的wait()方法,父进程才会等待 (也就是阻塞block)

[wenwt@localhost syntax]$ rm subprocess.pyc
[wenwt@localhost syntax]$ python process.py
parent process
[wenwt@localhost syntax]$ PING www.google.com (173.194.219.99)56(84) bytes of data.
^C
[wenwt@localhost syntax]$
--- www.google.com ping statistics---
5 packets transmitted,0 received,100% packet loss, time3999ms

加上wait方法:

[wenwt@localhost syntax]$ python process.py
PING www.google.com (173.194.219.103)56(84) bytes of data.
--- www.google.com ping statistics---
5 packets transmitted,0 received,100% packet loss, time3999ms
parent process

补充介绍:Python 执行终端命令的方法

import os
import subprocess
'''
os.system模块
os.system("ls -hl") 执行命令并返回状态码,当返回0表示成功;返回256表示失败,痛点是无法返回output
os.popen模块
os.popen("ls -hl") 执行命令,之后通过.read()方法获取output返回值
subprocess模块
subprocess.getstatusoutput("ls -hl") 执行命令,并返回状态status、输出output
subprocess.getoutput("ls -hl") 执行命令,只返回输出结果output
subprocess.call("ls -hl") 执行命令并返回状态码 和os.system("ls -hl")类似
'''
def test_system(cmd):
status= os.system(cmd)# 会自动输出output到控制台 但是无法接收,status为0表示成功、status为256表示失败
print(status)
def test_popen(cmd):
output= os.popen(cmd).read()# 只会获取到命令的output,如果是有output的错误命令 会输出output,否则输出空白
print(output)
def test_getoutput(cmd):
output= subprocess.getoutput(cmd)# 和os.popen(cmd)类似
print(output)
def test_getstatusoutput(cmd):
status, output= subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd)# 执行命令,并返回状态status、输出output
print(status)
print(output)
def test_call(cmd):
status= subprocess.call(cmd)# 和os.system(cmd)类似
print(status)
if __name__== '__main__':
# test_system('ls -lh') # test_system('test')
# test_popen('pwd') # test_popen('test')
# test_getoutput('pwd')
# test_getstatusoutput('pwd')
test_call('pwd')

以上内容就是本文的全部叙述,希望大家喜欢。